OECD Urban Policy Reviews Korea

Transcription

1 OECD Urban Policy Reviews Korea 2012 OECD

2 Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations 11 Assessment and Recommendations 13 Chapter 1. Trends and Challenges in Korea's Urban Structure 23 Introduction Macroeconomic trends...' Urbanisation trends Economic performance and main challenges of Korean cities Cities as the centre of environmental concerns 69 Notes...-., 87 Bibliography 88 Annex 1.A1. Zipf s Law and q-value of Korean Cities 92 Chapter 2. National Policies for Urban Development in Korea An ongoing reform of Korean national urban policy ' Strengthening the co-ordination and coherence of Korean urban policy: four policy priorities 105 Notes 126 Bibliography.; 129 Annex 2.A1. Methods to Monitor the Effectiveness of Planning 132 Chapter 3. The Korean Green Growth Strategy and its Implementation in Urban Areas The Korean green growth strategy and the role of local governments Challenges to advance an Urban Green Growth Agenda /'. 161 Notes 177 Bibliography 178 Tables 1.1. Korea: fiscal stimulus indicators (2008) Population density comparison Different definitions of urban areas in a selection of OECD countries Classification of functional urban areas in Korea The q-values of Pareto distribution in Korean cities ( ) Population and GDP of Korean cities 54 OECD URBAN POLICY REVIEWS: KOREA OECD 2012

3 1.7. Employment and demographic trends in large cities in Korea Employment changes in medium-sized cities in Korea Employment changes in large cities in Korea Korea: annual employment growth in large cities Korea: employment changes in medium-sized cities R&D expenditures in seven metropolitan cities relative to the nation (2009) Patent applications in seven metropolitan cities relative to the nation (2009) Korea: share of elderly population in cities Korea: Number of households falling short of minimum housing standards, sorted by age of head of household (2000 and 2005) Korea: municipal expenditures of growing and declining cities Korea: top five cities in terms of share of foreign population (2010) Total final energy consumption in Korea, by sector ( ) Energy consumption in metropolitan cities and provinces (do) (2009) Air pollutant emissions in Korea Trends in total air pollutant emissions by region Comparison of selected air pollutants in international cities Korean cities with the highest observed concentration of air pollutants (2008) International comparison of average engine size of automobiles, Korea and the European Union Comparison of energy consumption by size of vehicle engine Rising sea levels observed at key Korean ports 85 1.A1.1. The q-value and primacy indicators of major countries National urban policy goals and strategies suggested by the MLTM Enterprise cities in Korea Innovative cities in Korea Ministries and levels of government engaged in regional and urban policy in Korea Thematic categories of trans-border co-operation in OECD countries Deviation rate between proposed and approved population of the urban master plan in 31 cities Strategic objectives of Korea's Five-Year Plan for Low-Carbon, Green Growth ( ) Budget allocation of Korea's Five-Year Plan for Low-Carbon Green Growth Local green growth plans in Korea Local actions for green growth Industries identified as new growth engines for the Korean economy Governance gaps for delivering green growth in Korean cities 170 Figures 1.1. GDP per capita in selected OECD countries Korea: value added by activity ( ) OECD selected countries: value added in services (1990) OECD selected countries: value-added in services (2008) Selected OECD countries: relevant indicators during the recent economic downturn Korea: exchange rate, real exports and real GDP ( ) 32 3 OECD URBAN POLICY REVIEWS: KOREA OECD 2012

4 1.7. Contribution of Multi-Factor Productivity (MFP) and capital deepening to labour productivity Components of productivity growth in Korea ( ) Trends in urbanisation ( ) Urbanisation pattern curve Annual urban population growth rate, Korea's local government system Territorial map of Korea Urban functional areas of Korea in Urbanisation in OECD countries using the UN typology Urbanisation in OECD countries using the OECD regional typology Population rank changes of Korean cities Population distribution changes of Korean cities Changes of population share of 100 Korean cities GDP and urbanisation share in Korea GDP growth rate and urban population growth rate in Korea OECD selected metro-regions: share of metro-regions in national GDP (2007) Regional contribution to employment growth Share of population aged with tertiary level of education in OECD countries (2007).' Tertiary education attainment share and population growth rate of Korean cities Selected OECD metro-regions: share of total national patents (2009) Urban growth rate and total fertility rate in Korea Share of elderly people and population growth, : Selected countries: projections of old-age dependency ratio, Trends in. energy intensity among selected OECD countries ( ) Total energy consumption (2008) and CO 2 emissions (2006), by region Per capita CO 2 emissions in select Asian cities Trends in air pollution concentration in selected Korean metropolitan cities and si Concentration of daily nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in select cities Concentration of daily sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) in select cities ' Concentration of daily suspended particulate matter in select cities Regional economic performance and vehicle ownership in Korean cities Urban sprawl of the Seoul Metropolitan Area Waste generation trends in Korea Daily municipal and industrial waste generation levels in Korean metropolitan cities and provinces (2009) Per capita waste generation in select cities Sewage system supply rate in Korea, by region Per capita water consumption in select cities Rising average temperatures in Korean cities 86 1.A1.1. Zipf s law and actual population of some countries Regional development strategy in the second revision of the Fourth Comprehensive National Land Plan 101 OECD URBAN POLICY REVIEWS: KOREA OECD 2012

5 2.2. Four policy direction suggestions for Korean national urban policy Self-reliance ratio of finances in Korean metropolitan/do regions (2010) Funding sources for local green growth plans ( ) OECD URBAN POLICY REVIEWS: KOREA OECD 2012