Army Sustainability Workshop

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Army Sustainability Workshop"

Camilla Todd
5 years ago
Views:

1 Army Sustainability Workshop PRESENTED BY LEBANON GREEN BUILDING COUNCIL(LGBC) NOVEMBER DECEMBER 1 & 8

2 Micro Hydroelectric System Case Study: 15kW system in the Village of Ramleyih Ramzi AbouSaid President of the Lebanese Solar Energy Society

What? ENERGY Production The Recovery of potential and kinetic energy of water Weight delivered with a certain flow Q which is discharged at a lower height H.

3 What? ENERGY Production The Recovery of potential and kinetic energy of water Weight delivered with a certain flow Q which is discharged at a lower height H. P(Kw) = ρ.g.q.h.η Where: ρ=density of water (1000kg/m3) g=acceleration (9.81m/s2) Q= turbine (M3/s) H=available Net head (m) η= efficiency of the system (%)

Mini-hydro Above 100 kw, but below 1 MW; either stand alone schemes or more often feeding into the grid 5.

4 How? Hydroelectricity Power Size Categories 1. Large-hydro More than 100 MW and usually feeding into a large electricity grid 2. Medium-hydro MW -usually feeding a grid 3. Small-hydro 1-15 MW -usually feeding into a grid 4. Mini-hydro Above 100 kw, but below 1 MW; either stand alone schemes or more often feeding into the grid 5. Micro-hydroFrom 5kW up to 100 kw; usually provided power for a small community in remote areas away from the grid but may connect to grid 6. Pico-hydro From a few hundred watts up to 5kW. Stand -Alone and grid connected

5 Why? 1. Very old and Proven Technology. 2. Relatively, the Most affordable RE technology. (about $2-5/Wp) 3. Compared to other RE resource Hydro power is very predictable RE resource with slow fluctuating and changes over time. Scalable Technology. 4. High efficiency : 50-80%. 5. Low Maintenance low running cost 6. Why in Lebanon: Hydro power is a literally the product of water flow and head(altitude). Apart from the dry months, Lebanon may be an excellent place where these two factors brightly meet.

6 MicroHydro System Components Hydraulic: Intake Penstock Flow control Valve Bypass Valve Mechanical: Turbine/ Propeller Flywheel. Gear Box Valve contorl Electrical Alternator Electronic Controller Power Inverter Dummy Loads Switching and disconnect Battery/ Accumulators

8 Case Study: Ramliyeh15kW system The scope of this project is to design, supply and install Micro Hydroelectric Generator system in the village or Ramleihto benefit from the hydro energy embedded in existing irrigation network. Q: up to 10-20l/s Penstock: 5 x 550m length Static Head: 180m Two Settling Basins.

9 Sizing: Theoretical assumptions: P(w)= g. ρ.q.h.η = 10.5kW Where g is 9.81m/s, ρ =1000kg/m 3, Q=10 l/s, (Average Flow) h=165m (Static head Fricitonin penstock) η=65%. ( Water to wire efficiency is assumed as per turbine manufacture of similar size, flow and head)

10 Turbine Type

Nozzle Selection Starting from Nominal conditions: In order to drain 10l/s at 165m head, single standard nozzle of size #38 (15mm) will be needed at the turbine runner or propeller.

11 Nozzle Selection Starting from Nominal conditions: In order to drain 10l/s at 165m head, single standard nozzle of size #38 (15mm) will be needed at the turbine runner or propeller. However Since the water flow may increase beyond the given nominal flow limit (assumed 140% more than nominal), then another smaller Nozzle of size #24 (9.5mm) should exist to pass this extra flow. The combination of both Nozzles will give a more system Flexibility according to the following table: Net Head (m)* Nozzle #38 Nozzle #24 Flow(m 3 /s) Expected Power output 165m ON OFF Up to 10 l/s 10.5Kw 165m ON ON Up to 14 l/s 14.7Kw 165m OFF ON Up to 4 l/s 4.2KW 85m ON OFF Up to 7 l/s 4KW 85m ON ON Up to 10l/s 5.6KW 85m OFF ON Up to 2.8l/s 1.5KW

12 Runner Sizing 1. Type and material nature of runner Spoon. (Stainless steel Tugotype spoon will be used for similar nature sites due to higher efficiency and reliability) 2. Number of Spoons Vs runner Diameter. 3. nozzle(s) size Vs runner PCD 4. Jet Speed constrains 5. Turbine RPM constrain. 6. Availability/cost of different runner design. 7. Electrical Generator standard available size and ratings. 8. Variation in head and flow. 9. Nozzle angle orientation. 10. Water hammer and protection. 11. Overall feasibility.

13 Simulation

14 Optimal size In conclusion the best estimate of the turbine size resulted as follows: 12KW maximum power (Nominal 10KW) Turbine power size. Two Nozzles #38 and #24 at 180 degrees in opposite direction. 28 spoon with 165mm PCD runner to connect to 15HP Generator 20Bar operation pressure, Pure Stainless steel runner and housing Rotation : RPM. 2x 2" pipe connection (Stainless Steel) Pitch Nozzle angle degrees (Nominal 20 degrees) Generator: 15Hp Asynchronous Alternator 55-75Hz, 450VAC, 3 PH.

15 Alternator IEC standard of size 160 will be 15HP motor/ 440VAC will rotate at 2960RPM with Slip angle =40 degrees. The line current I is 18.35A. Apparent power S = 3 E I = 1.73 * 440 * =13,670 VA Active power P = S cos θ = * 0.8 = W Reactive powerq = = 7800 VAR For machine to run as an asynchronous generator, capacitor bank must supply minimum 7800 / 3 phases = 2600 VAR per phase. Voltage per capacitor is 440 V because capacitors are connected in delta. Capacitive current Ic= Q/E = 2600/440 = 5.9A Capacitive reactance per phase Xc= E/I = 75 Ω Minimum capacitance per phase: C = 1 / (2*π*f*Xc) = 1 / (2 * * 60 * 75) = 35µF If load also absorbs reactive power, capacitor bank must be increased in size to compensate. Prime mover speed should be used to generate frequency of 60 Hz: Typically, slip should be similar to full-load value when machine is running as motor, but negative (generator operation): Slip = = 40 rpm Required prime mover speed N = Slip = 3640 rpm.

16 Turbine:

17 P&ID (Piping and instrumentation Diagram)

18 SLD

19 Field Photo

21 Logged Data

Please contact CEDRO at: T/F: +961-1-981944 E: info@cedro-undp.

22 Please contact CEDRO at: T/F: E: Beirut, MaaradStreet, Building 287B, 1 st floor Thank you cedroundp cedro_undp CEDROproject cedroproject.wordpress.com

Types of Hydropower Facilities

Types of Hydropower Facilities 1 Impoundment Hydropower- uses a dam to store water. Water may be released either to meet changing electricity needs or to maintain a constant water level. 2 Run-of-River