Alternative Waste Management can reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions

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1 Alternative Waste Management can reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions Experiences from Germany and the European Union Marlene Sieck Federal Environment Agency Germany

2 Federal Environment Agency Division III Environmentally compatible Technology Processes and Products Department III 2.4 Waste technology Technology transfer Focus on the linkage of waste management and greenhouse gas emissions Davis 6 April

3 Overview: Waste management in Germany Successful measures to reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector in Germany Potential for GHG emission reduction in the waste sector in the European Union 3

4 Hamburg 15th November

5 5

6 Separate collection of Paper Glass Packaging Waste Biowaste Waste Batteries Electronic Waste 6

7 7

8 Changes in pathways for management of household waste 8

9 Landfill ban for untreated waste Waste Storage Ordinance June 2005: waste can no longer be landfilled without pre-treatment 70 WIP 18.6 Mio. t. cap. 50 MBWTP 7.0 Mio. t. cap. Hamburg 15th November

10 Shrinkage goes on 10

11 Significant increase of waste treatment capacities Waste incineration MBT 11

12 Waste incineration plant in Hamburg

13 GHG Reduction Goals: Kyoto Protocol: total cut of at least 5% by 2012 (baseline of 1990) European Union: 8 % Burdon Sharing; differentiated reduction goals Germany: reduction goal by 21% Post-Kyoto-Process: further development by 2020 European Union: 20 (30) % by 2020 Germany: 30 (40) % by

14 EEA

15 National Climate Protection Programme Reduction contributions of the individual sectors up to

16 Status Report on the Waste Sector s Contribution to Climate Protection and Possible Potentials by commissioned by the Federal Environment Agency in co-operation with 16

17 Possible substitute processes, taking waste incineration plants as an example 17

18 18

19 Methane emissions from landfill sites in Germany in Gg (IPPC-FOD) 19

20 Selected results of a study in cooperation with IFEU on behalf of Federal Environment Ministry Federal Environment Agency Federation of the German Waste, Water and Raw Materials Management Industry January

21 Methodology GHG-balances following LCA standard ISO No waste reduction or increase was assumed for the scenarios to show only the effects of the waste handling Calculations for each separated collected waste type and for residual waste to - incineration (MSWI plants) and - mechanical-biological treatment/stabilisation (M(B) plants) Assumption for potential scenarios: using existing technology of the current situation in Germany and Europe Assumption for material recycling of paper and cardboard: wood saved due to material recycling is used for energy production in Scandinavia (baseline)

22 Scenarios Alternative Waste Management can reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2006 current situation GHG-balance for Germany GHG impacts and credits for recycling, incineration and treatment of residual waste on the basis of current technology recycling rate about: 62 % 2020 Technology improvement in the technical standards with unchanged waste flows. It is assumed that net efficiencies of plants and the gas yields of anaerobic digestion plants increase and highervalue secondary products are produced recycling rate about: 62 % Scenario 2020 Abfall (waste) change in the waste flows with increased collection and more recycling with unchanged technical standards. It is assumed that 50 % of the recyclable materials still in the mixed residual waste in 2006 are additionally collected and utilised. recycling rate about: 72 % Scenario 2020 AT the combination of the scenarios 2020 T and A. recycling rate about: 72 %

23 Results for Germany Mitigation 1990 to ,6 Mill. t CO 2 -equivalents Potential til ,3 Mill. Tonnen CO 2 -equivalents 23

24 Treatment of MSW of EU 27 in 2006 (Eurostat) Recycling incl. Composting Waste incineration Landfilling 24

25 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Alternative Waste Management can reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions EUROSTAT MSW, Landfilled Incinerated Composted Recycled Germany Netherlands Sweden Belgium Denmark Austria Luxembourg France Italy Finland United Kingdom Spain Portugal Estonia Ireland Slovenia Hungary Slovakia Czech Republic G reece Latvia Cyprus Malta Lithuania Poland Romania Bulgaria EU 27

26 Scenarios Alternative Waste Management can reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions GHG-balance for the EU current situation GHG impacts and credits for recycling and disposal on the basis of current technology; baseline: landfill 20% efficiency of gas collection 2020 I and 2020 II MSW to landfill and MSW composting is abandoned 2020 I respective waste quantities uniformly distributed as in II respective waste quantities treated nearly like current practice in Germany

27 Results EU Burdon from Landfilling up to 110 Mio t CO 2 -eq Potential 2020 up to 192 Mio t CO 2 -eq through increased recycling and technical improvements in treatment plants 27

28 Conclusions To exploit the Climate Protection Potential of an effective waste management in Europe we need landfill ban 2007 GHG emissions by landfill in EU 27 caused up to 110 mill. tonnes CO 2 -equivalents increase the recycling rate waste-treatment with the best available technology

29 Conclusions The Climate Protection Potential of waste management in Europe: Changing the net emission of up to 78 mill. tonnes CO 2 -equivalents in 2007 into a credit of up to 114 mill. tonnes CO 2 -equivalents until 2020 =>> the total net saving is up to 192 mill. tonnes CO 2 - equivalents This corresponds to 32% of the 600 mill. tonnes CO 2 - equivalents that the EU27 still has to minimize according to the voluntary target for 2020!

30 Technology Transfer 30

31 Thank you for your attention! Further information: 31

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