Plug-in Highway Program in Manitoba

Transcription

1 Plug-in Highway Program in Manitoba Eric Bibeau, Mechanical Engineering Nazim Cicek, Biosystems Engineering Paul Zanetel, Design Engineering Tom Molinski, Manager Emerging Technologies Ed Innes, Emerging Technologies Andy Frank, Mechanical Engineering

2 Outline 1. What is the issue 2. How do we move forward 3. How can you have high efficiency and low cost solution at the same time 4. What is the Plug-in highway 5. Why in Manitoba

3 Transportation Industry In 2005, there were 19.0 million vehicles of all types in Canada They drove billion passenger-km that year Source: Canadian Vehicle Survey (2005), Stats Canada

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6 Sun 1000 times! 32 times!

7 Emissions It is estimated vehicle exhaust is responsible for 20% of greenhouse gasses Who has the answer?

8 Vehicle GHG Emissions in Canada 50 times the weight of all Canadians GHG's (Mt) Year Source: Online databases, Office of Energy Efficiency, Natural Resources Canada Gasoline Diesel Total

9 What is the goal? Sun Have a few of these trips with ZEV Do not account for up-streaming 1000 times! Replace the majority of these trips with renewable energy Minimize overall emissions Account for up-streaming Low cost solution and efficient use of renewable energy Corbis Corbis Corbis

10 Node Primary Energy Renewable Electricity Renewable Fuels Fossil Fuel Manitoba Energy Node 118 PJ Manitoba: 1.15 million people Renewable Energy 5.5 GW Hydro reserves 5.0 GW Farmland 77,321 km 2 Electricity Transportation Heat Node Needs Energy Conversion Station

11 In Manitoba, how would you Displace fossil fuels used for heat needs Displace fossil fuels used for transportation needs using yet to be developed renewable resources?

12 Node Primary Energy New Renewable Electricity for Heat Manitoba Energy Node 118 PJ Fossil Fuel Renewable Energy Renewable Fuels Energy Conversion Station Electricity Transportation Heat Node Needs

13 Displacing FF used for heat Efficiency Assume heat pumps are low cost Assume heaters are expensive Heat Pump Costs

14 RF RE FF Manitoba 118 PJ Primary FF RE RF ES HT TR EE FF RE RF HT TR EE Needs HT TR EE Saskatchewan Ontario North Dakota Power Export Assumed MH Current Emission GHG Export Factor Displacements Profile (%) (kg CO 2 /kwhr) North Dakota Minnesota Saskatchewan Minnesota RF RE FF Ontario Total 0.71 FF RE RF HT TR EE HT TR EE

15 New Renewable Electricity for Transportation Manitoba Energy Node Node Primary Energy Hydrogen route biophev route Fossil Fuel Renewable Electricity Renewable Fuels Energy Conversion Station Electricity Transportation Heat Node Needs

16 Where can you influence change Complete Energy Source to Work Path Energy Loss Processes Extraction & Processing Delivery as Primary Energy Conversion of Energy To a Storable Fuel Storage Conversion To Onboard Electricity Motion Created by the Onboard Electricity Form Area of largest concern Controllable GHGS Standard Analysis Method Well to Tank Well To Wheel Tank to Wheel Primary to Onboard Electricity Method Well To Primary Energy Primary Energy to Onboard Electricity Onboard Electricity to Wheel Well To Primary Energy Primary to Storable Energy Storable Energy to Wheel Naturally and Commercially Constrained by Supply, Sustainability and Energy Density Politically Controlled Through Energy Policies Consumer Driven, Technologically Restrained

17 Conversion Efficiency Well-to-wheel efficiency ICE: Gasoline ICE: Diesel ICE: Natural gas ICE: eh2 FCV: H2 NG FCV: eh2 BEV PHEV (40% Gas)

18 Displacing FF used for transportation BioPHEV Efficiency Cost

19 Importance of demonstrating PHEV s as a base technology Is PHEV technology practical? battery issues how much RE can be used to offset fossil fuels Can Manitoba be energy self-sufficient in transportation? Manitoba: 1.4 billion L gasoline per year Does wasted renewable power result in GHG and air emission attribution? How do you calculate emissions when new Marginal Power is all renewable?

20 Manitoba Grid Infrastructure Winter Vehicles in Manitoba cars 662,200 Driving mileage per day km/day 50 Pow er PHEV New MW power Pow er Rav4 EV Pow er FCX FCV Load (MW) MB Winter Load Winter Winter + FCV Winter + BEV Winter + PHEV Generating Capacity GHG/Emissions? Daytime Nightime Day Hours

21 Renewable Energy GHG (g/km) Renewable H2 Gasoline 50 0 Gasoline (no biofuels) BEV PHEV (1/3 gasoline) PHEV (1/3 biofuel; 1.65 FF ratio) FCV (electrolysis H2)

22 Electrical Mix GHG (g/km) Renewable H2 Electrical Mix Canadian Power Emission Factor (tonnes/mwhr) Average Marginal Excludes CH 4 and N 2 O Includes CH 4 and N 2 O Newfoundland and Labrador Prince Edward Island Nova Scotia New Brunswick Québec Ontario Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta British-Columbia Territories Total Canada United States Power Emission Factor (tonnes/mwhr) Average CO 2 North Dakota 1.02 Minnesota 0.69 Total US 0.61 Gasoline 50 0 Gasoline (no biofuels) BEV PHEV (1/3 gasoline) PHEV (1/3 biofuel; 1.65 FF ratio) FCV (electrolysis H2)

23 Network Method GHG (g/km) Renewable H2 Electrical Mix Network (PHEV base case) Gasoline 50 0 Gasoline (no biofuels) BEV PHEV (1/3 gasoline) PHEV (1/3 biofuel; 1.65 FF ratio) FCV (electrolysis H2)

24 Plug-in Highway Program Target 10 BioPHEV in Manitoba Ford Escape Parallel Hybrid 85% ethanol (E85 engine) 40 to 100 km electrical autonomy 65% electrical / 30% biofuel/ 5%Gas Monitor over 2 years vehicle performance

25 New Hydro Power Required 10% of undeveloped hydro reserves Corbis Corbis

26 Transportation Biofuels using Waste Biomass in Manitoba Million L/yr Would remain undeveloped / export Would need to be developed 79% 37% 16% E85 Hybrid PHEV

27 32 Trips to the sun (MB) 32 times! 1.4 Billion L of gasoline replaced with 500 MWe of renewable power (21 trips) 330 million L eq of bio-fuel (9 trips) 55 million L of gasoline (2 trips) Low cost, high efficiency and low overall emissions solution BioPHEV Gas Tank Renewable Electricity Bio- Fuel Gas

28 Why Plug-in Highway program Right thing to do: possible 90% reduction in gasoline Manitoba demonstration ideal location for BioPHEV s Canada needs to demonstrate real solutions to transportation issues No infrastructure costs Make renewable transportation a reality Help overcome inertia of automotive industry Information for utilities to adjust power growth rates and implications of V2G

29 Plug-in Highway in Manitoba Optimal use of renewable energy sources without new infrastructure and lifestyle sacrifices University of Manitoba Manitoba Hydro/NSERC Chair in Alternative Energy Husky/NSERC Chair in BioFuels Research in the production of biofuels from ag wastes REVS: Renewable Energy Vehicle Simulator REVS

30 Plug-in Highway in Manitoba Evolution of transportation efficient home refueling using renewable hydro Investigate battery life, costs and cold weather issues Government/private cost-shared program Integrate distributed renewable energy generation with PHEV wind, kinetic turbines, biomass Energy savings $1.00/l rising vs $0.30/l stable

31 Acknowledgement NSERC/Manitoba Hydro Chair in Alternative Energy Presentations on alternative energy