TOPICS (Environment Issues-I)

Transcription

1 TOPICS (Environment Issues-I) This booklet consist of the following topics: Chapter 1: Biodiversity Types of Biodiversity Genetic Diversity Species Diversity Ecosystem Diversity Functional Diversity Value of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Direct and Indirect Use Example of Direct & Indirect Use Benefits Non-Use Benefits Example of Non-Use Benefits Biodiversity and Food Production Health Medicines From Nature Recreation and aesthetics Issues in Valuing Biodiversity Threats to Biodiversity Habitat fragmentation, degradation and loss, and shrinking genetic diversity Introduction of Exotic Species Climate Change and Desertification Impact of development projects Biodiversity Conservation Legislation for conservation of biodiversity in India In-situ methods of conservation of biodiversity Protected area Biosphere reserves National parks

2 Wildlife sanctuaries Sacred forests and sacred lakes Ex-situ methods of conservation of biodiversity Botanic Gardens Translocations Artificial Insemination Somatic Cell Cloning Seed bank Reintroduction Species based programmes for conservation of biodiversity Project Tiger Project Elephant Gir Lion Project Crocodile Breeding Project Project Snow Leopard in India Role of Indigenous Knowledge in conserving biodiversity Role of Supreme Court in conservation of biodiversity Role of public participation in conservation of biodiversity Role of research & technology for biodiversity conservation Role of international Conventions in Biodiversity Conservation Lacunas in Implementation of Policies Chapter 2: Extinction of Species Characteristics of Threatened/Endangered Species Reasons for Extinction About IUCN red list Consequences of extinction of species Conservation strategies Chapter 3: Sand Mining And Its Impact Sand Mining and Impact on Environment Steps taken by GOI

3 Guidelines to control degradation given by Geographical survey of India Chapter 4: Disposal of Untreated Sewage Impact of disposal of untreated sewage Impact on Health Impact on freshwater ecosystem Impact on coastal waters Impact on groundwater resources Sewage generation in India Process of sewage treatment Primary treatment Secondary treatment Factors that hinder wastewater treatment in India Decentralized Wastewater Management Systems Chapter 5: Land Filling Concerns related to land filling process Leaching of toxins Primary Leaching Biodegradation of Complex Organic Molecules Chemical Reduction Washed out Fines and Colloids Atmospheric Effects Ground Water Pollution Impact on human health Chapter 6: Groundwater Depletion Why is there Groundwater? Groundwater has some important characteristics in India Groundwater depletion in India Other Potential Threats to Groundwater Groundwater Governance Framework in India

4 Steps need to be taken Chapter 7: Degradation of Water Resource in Urban Areas Brief data on water resources of India Threats to urban bodies Urban areas and Groundwater depletion Urban lakes and wetlands depletion River depletion Steps need to be taken Rainwater harvesting Chapter 8: Marine Pollution Consequences of Marine Pollution Present status of pollution in coastal waters in India Shipping-Related Threats to the Marine Environment Aquaculture activities related pollution in India Marine Environment Protection and Preservation Decrease flow of wastewater in oceans Steps for Coastal regulation in India Marine Pollution monitoring in India Coastal Ocean Monitoring and Prediction Systems (COMAPS) Programme Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management (ICMAM) Role of National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) in marine pollution monitoring Programme for Monitoring Marine Pollution International Convention on Marine Pollution Steps taken and Achievements related to marine conservation in India Chapter 9: Coral Bleaching Types of Reefs Coral Reef Products Causes of Coral Bleaching

5 Consequences of Coral Bleaching Conservation of Coral Reef Chapter 10: E-Waste Management And Handling Environment Concerns and Health Hazards Management of E-waste in Indian Context E-waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011 Chapter 11: GM Food and Regulatory Mechanism In India Benefits of GM Foods Issues of Concern Social and Ethical Concerns about GM Crops Regulatory Mechanism for GM crops in India Procedure for approval of GMOs Case study of GM crop trial in India Flaws in Indian regulatory framework Recommendations of Standing Committee on Agriculture Chapter 12: Rejuvenation of Ganga Brief Introduction Benefits of River Ganga Facts about Ganga River pollution and its impact Steps taken to rejuvenate river Issues faced by GAP Limitations in Design Limitations in Implementation Limitations in operations Limitations in Monitoring, Evaluation and Regulation Nanami Ganga project and its analysis

6 TOPICS (Environmental Issues-II) This booklet consist of the following topics: Chapter 1: Pollution Sources of Pollution Types of Pollution Atmospheric pollution Water Pollution Soil Pollution Noise Pollution Biological Pollution Radioactive Pollution Heavy Metal Pollution Chapter 2: Waste Management Solid Waste Hazardous Waste E-Waste Bio Medical Waste Plastic Waste Methods for Waste Management Effects of Poor Waste Disposal Chapter 3: Land Degradation Causes of Land Degradation Impact of Land Degradation Steps taken by GOI Sustainable Land Management

7 Chapter 4: Wetlands and Coastal Ecosystem Management Wetlands Wetlands in India Importance of wetlands Threats to wetland ecosystems Conservation of Wetlands Coastal Ecosystem Mangroves Salient features of Mangroves: Importance of Mangroves Mangroves in India Mangroves under threats Legal and Regulatory Approaches for Protection Estuaries Importance of estuaries Threats to estuaries Coral Reefs Geographical Conditions Required Uses of coral reefs Conservation of coral reef Steps for Coastal Ecosystem Management Chapter 5: Deforestation Causes of Deforestation Implications of Deforestation for Climate Change Consequences of Deforestation on the Wildlife of India Impact of Deforestation on Indian Monsoon Impact of Deforestation on People Deforestation Leads to Water and Soil Resources Loss and Flooding Economical Impacts Strategies for Reducing Deforestation

8 Government Programmes for Conservation of Forests Legislations for Conservation of Forests using People Participation Steps for Improving People Participation in Forest Resource Management Use of Local Traditional Methods Recent Steps Taken by the Government Chapter 6: Mining and Its Impact on Environment Mining and Environment Sensitivity of Select Ecosystems to Mining Impact of Mining Indirect Impact of Mining International Laws on Mining Main Act or Statue to regulate the impact of Indian Mining Sector Sustainable mining Chapter 7: Impact of Agriculture on Environment Introduction Agriculture increases Carbon Dioxide Emissions Monoculture practice impacts biodiversity Pollution due to use of chemical fertilizers Soil-related effects Fertilizer's Effect on the Environment Impact of livestock on environment Impact of use of Pesticides on environment Impact of GM crop on environment Emission of Methane from agricultural practices Case Study Sustainable Agriculture Sustainable Agriculture Techniques Chapter 8: Climate Change Causes for Climatic Change

9 Impact of Climate Change Steps Taken by India to Mitigate the Climate Change International Collaboration for Mitigating Climate Change Climate Change Finance Climate Change Debate Between Developed and Developing Nations Chapter 9: Environment Impact Assessment Brief History of EIA in India EIA Process in India Environmental Appraisal Process Drawbacks in EIA process in India Recommendations for improvement Chapter 10: Ecologically Sensitive Area Why has concept of ESA Generated? Criteria for demarcating ESAs Threats faced by ESAs MOEF Guidelines for Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) around Protected Areas Some examples of proposed ESAs in India: Chapter 11: Environmental Governance in India & Issues Related To It Constitutional Provisions Related to Environment Environmental Legislations Environment Related Institutions and Organizations Pollution Control Board: Analysis National Green Tribunal: Analysis National Board for Wildlife: Analysis