SUNSHINE STATE STANDARDS SCIENCE BENCHMARKS AND 2005 TO 2009 CONTENT FOCUS GRADE 5. Compiled by Dr. Yuwadee Wongbundhit Curriculum and Instruction

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1 SUNSHINE STATE STANDARDS SCIENCE BENCHMARKS AND 2005 TO 2009 CONTENT FOCUS Compiled by Dr. Yuwadee Wongbundhit

2 OVERVIEW The purpose of this report is to compile the content focus of the Science Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) from the 2005 to 2009 March administrations and the scope of the Florida Science Sunshine State Standards (SSS). The SSS benchmarks are grouped by strands. The report includes the following: SSS Science Cluster. Benchmarks code and description as delineated in the SSS. Item format, as per the way the benchmarks are assessed on the FCAT. Score points showing the maximum points to be earned for each assessed benchmark. Potential Outcomes of Report Usage Instructional Focus Calendar To prepare an effective instructional focus calendar and mini-assessments, this report should be used with the appendix, FCAT Content Focus, and the Content Scores Report to help in identifying instructional needs. Science Content Focus It is highly recommended to conduct a more in-depth and effective study of grade-specific benchmark. A thorough review of the FCAT Science Item Specifications document includes, but is not limited to, an analysis of the following criteria: 1. benchmark clarification 2. content limits 3. item format o use of graphics o item style o general guidelines o sample items 4. cognitive complexity of science items Instructional Focus To assist in increasing the efficacy of science teaching and learning, this report should be used with the Lessons Learned FCAT, Sunshine State Standards and Instructional Implications For questions and concerns regarding this report, please contact Dr. Yuwadee Wongbundhit,, at or by at ywongbundhit@dadeschools.net.

3 SSS SCIENCE BENCHMARKS ASSESSED AT Strand A A Benchmark SC.A SC.A A SC.A A SC.A Description The student determines that the properties of materials (e.g., density and volume) can be compared and measured (e.g., using rulers, balances, and thermometers). The student knows that common materials (e.g., water) can be changed from one state to another by heating and cooling. The student knows that the weight of an object always equals the sum of its parts. The student knows that different materials are made by physically combining substances and that different objects can be made by combining different materials. Item Format AA MC CS MC 2 1 CS MC AA MC A SC.A The student knows that materials made by chemically combining two or more substances may have properties that differ from the original materials. CS MC 1 1 A SC.A The student knows that materials may be made of parts too small to be seen without magnification. CS MC A Total The Nature of Matter B SC.B The student knows how to trace the flow of energy in a system (e.g., as in an ecosystem). AA MC, SR B SC.B MC Also The student recognizes various forms of energy (e.g., AA heat, light, and electricity). B B SC.B The student knows that most things that emit light also emit heat. CS MC B SC.B The student knows the many ways in which energy can be transformed from one type to another. as B B SC.B B SC.B B SC.B B B SC.B SC.B The student knows that various forms of energy (e.g., mechanical, chemical, electrical, magnetic, nuclear, and radiant) can be measured in ways that make it possible to determine the amount of energy that is transformed. The student knows ways that heat can move from one object to another. The student knows that some source of energy is needed for organisms to stay alive and grow. The student recognizes the costs and risks to society and the environment posed by the use of nonrenewable energy. The student knows that the limited supply of usable energy sources (e.g., fuels such as coal or oil) places great significance on the development of renewable energy sources. CS MC Also B as B CS MC 1 as G as G B Total Energy The student understands that the motion of an object C SC.C CS MC 1 2 can be described and measured. The student knows that waves travel at different C SC.C CS MC 1 1 speeds through different materials. C SC.C The student recognizes that forces of gravity, magnetism, and electricity operate simple machines. CS MC 1 1 AA: Annually CS: Content Sampled MC: Multiple Choice SR: Short Response ER: Extended Response Page 1 of 4

4 SSS SCIENCE BENCHMARKS ASSESSED AT Strand C Benchmark SC.C C SC.C C SC.C Description The student knows that an object may move in a straight line at a constant speed, speed up, slow down, or change direction dependent on net force acting on the object. The student knows that the more massive an object is, the less effect a given force has. The student knows that the motion of an object is determined by the overall effect of all of the forces acting on the object. CS AA Item Format as C MC MC, SR Also C C Total Force and Motion D SC.D The student knows that larger rocks can be broken down into smaller rocks, which in turn can be broken down to combine with organic material to form soil. as D D SC.D The student knows that 75 percent of the surface of the Earth is covered by water. as D The student knows that the water cycle is influenced D SC.D by temperature, pressure, and the topography of the land. CS MC D D D SC.D SC.D SC.D The student knows that the surface of the Earth is in a continuous state of change as waves, weather, and shifts of the land constantly change and produce many new features. The student knows that some changes in the Earth s surface are due to slow processes and some changes are due to rapid processes. The student knows that using, recycling, and reducing the use of natural resources improve and protect the quality of life. AA MC, SR, ER Also D.1.2.1, D.1.2.2, and D as D as G D Total Processes That Shape the Earth E SC.E The student knows that the tilt of the Earth on its own axis as it rotates and revolves around the sun causes changes in season, length of day, and energy available. AA MC, SR The student knows that the combination of the Earth s E SC.E movement and the moon s own orbit around the Earth CS results in the appearance of cyclical phases of the MC 1 1 moon. The student knows that the sun is a star and that its E SC.E energy can be captured or concentrated to generate CS MC heat and light for work on Earth. E SC.E The student knows that the planets differ in size, characteristics, and composition and that they orbit the sun in our Solar System. CS MC Also E E SC.E The student understands the arrangement of planets in our Solar System. as E E SC.E The student knows that, in addition to the sun, there are many other stars that are far away. CS MC E Total Earth and Space F SC.F The student knows that the human body is made of systems with structures and functions that are related. CS MC AA: Annually CS: Content Sampled MC: Multiple Choice SR: Short Response ER: Extended Response Page 2 of 4

5 SSS SCIENCE BENCHMARKS ASSESSED AT Strand Benchmark Description Item Format F SC.F The student knows how all animals depend on plants. CS MC 1 F SC.F The student knows that living things are different but share similar structures. AA MC, SR F SC.F The student knows that similar cells form different kinds of structures. CS MC F SC.F The student knows that many characteristics of an organism are inherited from the parents of the organism, but that other characteristics are learned from an individual s interactions with the environment CS MC F Total Processes of Life G SC.G The student knows ways that plants, animals, and protists interact. CS MC G SC.G The student knows that living things compete in a climatic region with other living things and that structural adaptations make them fit for an environment. AA MC, SR The student knows that green plants use carbon G dioxide, water, and sunlight energy to turn minerals SC.G and nutrients into food for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. AA MC, SR The student knows that some organisms decompose G dead plants and animals into simple minerals and SC.G nutrients for use by living things and thereby recycle as G matter. G SC.G The student knows that animals eat plants or other animals to acquire the energy they need for survival. CS MC 1 1 G SC.G The student knows that organisms are growing, dying, and decaying and that new organisms are being produced from the materials of dead organisms. CS MC Also G G SC.G The student knows that variations in light, water, temperature, and soil content are largely responsible for the existence of different kinds of organisms and population densities in an ecosystem. CS MC 1 1 G G SC.G SC.G G SC.G The student knows that all living things must compete for Earth s limited resources; organisms best adapted to compete for the available resources will be successful and pass their adaptations (traits) to their offspring. The student knows that the size of a population is dependent upon the available resources within its community. The student understands that changes in the habitat of an organism may be beneficial or harmful. AA MC, SR Also B and B CS MC CS MC Also D G Total How Living Things Interact with Their Environment The student knows that it is important to keep H accurate records and descriptions to provide SC.H information and clues on causes of discrepancies in repeated experiments. AA MC AA: Annually CS: Content Sampled MC: Multiple Choice SR: Short Response ER: Extended Response Page 3 of 4

6 SSS SCIENCE BENCHMARKS ASSESSED AT Strand H H H H Benchmark SC.H SC.H SC.H SC.H H SC.H H SC.H Description The student knows that a successful method to explore the natural world is to observe and record, and then analyze and communicate the results. The student knows that to work collaboratively, all team members should be free to reach, explain, and justify their own individual conclusions. The student knows that to compare and contrast observations and results is an essential skill in science. The student knows that a model of something is different from the real thing, but can be used to learn something about the real thing. The student knows that natural events are often predictable and logical. The student understands that people, alone or in groups, invent new tools to solve problems and do work that affects aspects of life outside of science. AA Item Format MC, SR, ER Also H and H Not assessed as H CS MC CS MC AA MC, SR Also H as H H SC.H The student knows that data are collected and interpreted in order to explain an event or concept. H SC.H The student knows that before a group of people build something or try something new, they should as H determine how it may affect other people. The student knows that through the use of science H SC.H processes and knowledge, people can solve AA MC, SR problems, make decisions, and form new ideas. H Total The Nature of Science Grand Total AA: Annually CS: Content Sampled MC: Multiple Choice SR: Short Response ER: Extended Response Page 4 of 4

7 Appendix Overview of FCAT Science Content Focus What is content focus? Content focus is a descriptor that defines the specific content measured by each FCAT test item. Sunshine State Standards (SSS) benchmarks are often very broad statements of knowledge or skills. As test items are developed, the Department of Education and committees of educators identify a more specific statement within the SSS benchmark that describes the content addressed in each item. What information is included in the Content Focus Reports? The Content Focus Reports provide additional information about each reporting category for FCAT Science March Administration. For each test s reporting categories, the reports provide the number of points for items in each category and the content focus for these items. How does the Department use content focus information? Department staff and the FCAT development contractor keep a record of the content focus information to insure that, across the years, items are developed and used that measure the breadth of content in each SSS benchmark. How can I use these reports? District or school curriculum leaders and classroom teachers should find that these reports provide supplemental information on the strengths and weaknesses of instructional programs. The information may be used along with other feedback, such as classroom-level results on reporting categories. The District Report of Schools and the School Report of Students provide the number of points possible and the mean points earned for each reporting category. The mean points earned can be further analyzed by considering these Content Focus Reports.

8 FCAT SCIENCE CONTENT FOCUS Benchmark 2005 Content Focus Number of Possible Physical and Chemical Sciences A121 Tools 1 A121 Density 1 A123 Total weight 1 A123 Conservation of Mass 1 A124 Solutions 1 A221 Microscopic samples 1 B121 Energy transfer through biotic systems * 2 B121 Energy flow through a system 1 B122 Light energy 1 B122 Energy transformations 1 B125 Heat transfer 1 C224 Kinetic energy 1 Earth and Space Sciences D124 Deposition 1 D124 Erosion 1 D124 Changes to Earth's surface * 4 E121 Earth's tilt 1 E123 Solar energy 2 E124 Planetary orbits 1 E221 Properties of stars 2 E221 Astronomical distance 1 Life and Environmental Sciences F121 Body system functions 1 F123 Mammal characteristics 1 F123 Plant and animals similarities 1 F124 Plant cell functions 1 F221 Genetic traits 2 G121 Energy sources 1 G122 Animal adaptations for survival * 3 G123 Photosynthesis 1 G222 Environmental conditions 1 G223 Habitat changes 1 Scientific Thinking H121 Experimental design 2 H121 Repetition 2 H122 Observation 1 H122 Data collection 2 H221 Predictable events 1 H321 Using machines* 2 H324 Scientific applications 2 *Includes Performance Task Item GRAND TOTAL Appendix: Page 1 of 5

9 FCAT SCIENCE CONTENT FOCUS Benchmark 2006 Content Focus Number of Possible Physical and Chemical Sciences A121 Measurement 1 A122 Phase changes 2 A123 Total weight 2 A124 Solutions 1 B121 Energy flow through a system 1 B122 Light energy 1 B122 Forms of energy 1 C224 Kinetic energy 1 C224 Effects of forces* 2 Earth and Space Sciences D123 Water cycle 1 D124 Deposition 1 D124 Process of weathering 1 D124 Changes to Earth's surface * 5 E121 Earth's tilt 1 E122 Moon phases 1 E123 Solar energy 1 E124 Planet characteristics 1 E124 Planetary orbits 1 E221 Properties of stars 1 Total 14 Life and Environmental Sciences F123 Animal characteristics 1 F123 Similar structures* 2 F124 Plant cell functions 1 G121 Role of organisms 1 G122 Animal adaptations-survival 1 G122 Environmental adaptations 1 G123 Photosynthesis 1 G125 Needs of living things 1 G222 Predator/prey relationships 2 G223 Competition for resources ** 1 G223 Conserving natural resources ** 1 Scientific Thinking H121 Experimental design 1 H122 Drawing conclusions* 2 H122 Observation 1 H122 Communicating results 1 H125 Understanding models 2 H221 Predictable events 2 H321 Using machines 1 H324 Problem solving 1 H324 Scientific applications 1 *Includes Performance Task Item GRAND TOTAL Appendix: Page 2 of 5

10 FCAT SCIENCE CONTENT FOCUS Benchmark 2007 Content Focus Number of Possible Cluster 1: Physical and Chemical Sciences A121 Tools 1 A122 Phase changes 1 A124 Solutions 1 A125 Chemical changes 1 A221 Microscopic samples 1 B121 Energy flow through a system 1 B122 Energy conversions 1 C121 Motion 1 C122 Sound through different media 1 C224 Effects of forces* 2 C224 Force and motion 1 Cluster 2: Earth and Space Sciences D123 Water cycle 1 D124 Changes to Earth's surface* 5 D124 Earth's surface 1 D221 Conserving natural resources 2 E121 Earth's tilt 1 E121 Seasons 1 E123 Solar energy 2 E221 Properties of stars 2 Total 15 Cluster 3: Life and Environmental Sciences F122 Food chains 1 F123 Animal characteristics 1 F123 Mammal characteristics 1 F221 Learned behavior 1 G122 Animal adaptations-survival* 2 G123 Photosynthesis 2 G126 Decomposers 1 G127 Adapting to conditions 1 G221 Behavioral adaptations 1 G223 Habitat changes 1 Cluster 4: Scientifiic Thinking H121 Experimental design 1 H121 Record keeping 1 H122 Drawing conclusions* 2 H122 Scientific process 1 H125 Understanding models 2 H221 Predictable events 2 H321 Applications of science 1 H321 Using machines 1 H324 Problem solving 1 *Includes Performance Task Item GRAND TOTAL Grade 5 Appendix: Page 3 of 5

11 FCAT SCIENCE CONTENT FOCUS Benchmark 2008 Content Focus Number of Possible Cluster 1: Physical and Chemical Sciences A121 Density 1 A123 Conservation of mass 1 A124 Solutions 1 A221 Microscopic samples 1 B121 Energy transfer 1 B122 Potential energy 1 B221 Sources of energy 1 C121 Friction 1 C121 Motion 1 C221 Forces 1 C224 Net force* 2 Cluster 2: Earth and Space Sciences D124 Effects of weathering/erosion* 4 D124 Process of erosion 1 D221 Nonrenewable resources 1 D221 Recycling 1 E121 Earth's tilt 2 E122 Moon phases 1 E123 Solar energy 1 E124 Planet characteristics 1 E124 Planetary orbits 1 E221 Properties of stars 1 Total 14 Cluster 3: Life and Environmental Sciences F121 Nervous system 1 F123 Mammal characteristics 1 F123 Plant characteristics 1 F124 Plant cell functions 1 F221 Learned behavior 1 G122 Structural adaptations 1 G123 Plant growth 1 G123 Plant structures 1 G127 Adapting to conditions 1 G221 Competition for resources* 2 G222 Predator/prey relationships 1 G223 Habitat changes 1 Cluster 4: Scientifiic Thinking H121 Record keeping 2 H121 Scientific process 1 H122 Analyzing results 1 H122 Data collection 1 H122 Drawing conclusions* 2 H125 Understanding models 1 H221 Predictable events 1 H321 Applications of science 1 H321 Inventions 1 H324 Experimental design 1 *Includes Performance Task Item GRAND TOTAL Grade 5 Appendix: Page 4 of 5

12 FCAT SCIENCE CONTENT FOCUS Benchmark 2009 Content Focus Number of Possible Cluster 1: Physical and Chemical Sciences A121 Tools 1 A123 Conservation of mass 1 A124 Solutions 1 A125 Chemical changes 1 A221 Microscopic samples 1 B121 Energy flow through a system 1 B122 Energy conversions 1 B122 Light and heat 1 C122 Sound through different media 1 C221 Gravity 1 C224 Effects of forces* 2 Cluster 2: Earth and Space Sciences D123 Water cycle 1 D124 Changes to Earth's surface* 4 D124 Process of erosion 1 D221 Recycling 1 E121 Earth's tilt 1 E123 Solar energy 2 E124 Planet characteristics 1 E221 Light-years 1 E221 Properties of stars 1 Cluster 3: Life and Environmental Sciences F121 Nervous system 1 F123 Plant characteristics 1 F124 Plant cell functions 1 F221 Learned behavior 1 G121 Food webs 1 G122 Animal adaptations-survival 1 G122 Structural adaptations 1 G123 Plant growth 1 G123 Plant structures 1 G125 Needs of living things 1 G221 Competition for resources* 2 G223 Habitat changes 1 Cluster 4: Scientifiic Thinking H121 Record keeping 1 H121 Scientific process 1 H122 Analyzing results 1 H122 Drawing conclusions* 4 H122 Scientific process 1 H125 Models 1 H221 Predictable events 1 H321 Applications of science 1 H321 Inventions 1 H324 Experimental design 1 *Includes Performance Task Item GRAND TOTAL Grade 5 Appendix: Page 5 of 5