Floating Plants & Boxes of Dirt The Future of Stormwater Treatment

Transcription

1 Floating Plants & Boxes of Dirt The Future of Stormwater Treatment Ross W. Dunning, P.E. Stormwater Practice Leader Kennedy/Jenks Consultants Federal Way, WA

2 Discussion Topics Who s this guy and why is he here? Municipal & Industrial Permits Design & operational considerations Cost impacts What northwest coast ports are doing Advice

3 Who is This Guy and Why s He Here? KJ s an environmental engineering firm Water, wastewater, stormwater, & environmental cleanup, we understand the regs and design solutions I m K/J s Stormwater Practice Leader My primary focus is helping municipalities & industry to figure out what to do with stormwater Provide examples of what industry in the NW is doing to address the stormwater rules new to all of us Provide some advice and strategy based on lessons learned.

4 Stormwater Permits Are Getting Tougher Everywhere

5 NPDES Stormwater Permits Most states (including HI) have authority to implement federal NPDES regulations Most base their permits on Protecting Oregon's Environment same underlying rules defined in EPA guidelines and permits The two most impactful permits apply to municipalities (MGP) and industries (IGP) Ports are difficult - they re both WA & OR IGPs are TOUGH!! CA, HI, & other states less so for the time being

6 Municipal General Permits - Presumptive Generally updated on a 5 year cycle (HI more often) Applies to Small, Medium, & Large Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems (MS4s) Programmatic permits All have similar program elements (not the complete list): Education & Outreach (for public, staff, business) Public Involvement & Participation Illicit Discharge Detection & Elimination (mapping, sampling, corrective actions) Construction Site Runoff Control Good Housekeeping Program for Operations (inventory, map, facility assessments, SWPPPs) Post Construction Stormwater Management Programs requiring stormwater treatment, LID, etc, when impervious surfaces are created or replaced

7 Industrial General Permits - Demonstrative Most states float similar requirements down from the EPA MSGP Some go much further Minimize exposure Good housekeeping Spill prevention & response Erosion & sediment control Best Management Practices (BMPs) Facility inspections All this stuff and much more needs to be in the SWPPP Visual monitoring, sampling & analysis and comparison to Benchmarks or Numeric Action Levels (NALs) Corrective actions (CA stopped short of REQUIRING treatment) Hint -- Don t do it it this way!

8 Pollutant Challenges Sources are everywhere TSS - Dirt, tires, worn asphalt O&G - motor oil & hydraulic fluids Metals Zn, Cu, Al, Fe, Pb, etc - Dirt, anything galvanized, roofs, fences, tires, shipping containers PAHs Combustion, motor vehicles All of these fall from the sky through atmospheric deposition BMPs can only help so much

9 MGP Triggered Treatment - What is LID? Trying to Make This Behave Like This 1. Infiltration 2. Evapotranspiration 3. Harvesting/Reuse To the maximum extent feasible or practical

10 Rain Gardens at Ports?.. Really!! Bioretention (Biofiltration) Design requirements 5 /hr infiltration rate (50 is more realistic) 4% (1:25 ratio) (1:200 is more realistic) Rules of thumb Often not based on science

11 Hydraulic Challenges Treatment requires grade There s little to be had Retrofitting existing drainage is disruptive and expensive

12 Port of Tacoma, WA Maintenance Facility Biofiltration First NW industrial biofiltration installation Excellent removal of oil & grease, TSS, & total and dissolved metals

13 Port of Vancouver, WA Retrofits T2 Bioswale & T4 Pond Installed in early 2000s To municipal standards Both had trouble meeting industrial limits Terminal 4 Pond Terminal 4 Detention Pond Terminal 2 Bioswale

14 Port of Vancouver, WA Terminal 2 Bioswale Retrofit Terminal 2-50 acres Former parallel flow bioswale Level 3 for Zn, Cu, Turbidity Columbia River

15 Gravity - Port of Vancouver, WA Terminal 2 Biofiltration Downflow biofiltration (compost/sand) Sedges & rushes Below benchmarks for all parameters 5/18/2010 influent/effluent

16 Gravity - Port of Vancouver, WA Centennial Industrial Park Biofiltration 100 acre Centennial Industrial Park It works so stick with it

17 Gravity Based Treatment Port of Tacoma, WA - Central Peninsula North Intermodal Yard (NIM) Olympic Container Terminal (OCT) South Intermodal Yard (SIM)

18 Port of Tacoma - Olympic Container Terminal Up-Flo Filter 45 acre container terminal Gravity-based media filter If pumping required add ~ 200% $1.5M

19 Port of Seattle -Terminal treated acres Gravity-based Up-flo filter If pumping required add ~ $1,000,000

20 Port of Tacoma - North Intermodal Yard 11.4 acre intermodal yard Level 3 for Zn

21 Port of Tacoma, WA North Intermodal Yard Modular Wetland gravitybased design 11.4 acres treated cost - $500K If pumping required add ~ 100%

22 South Intermodal Yard 16.5 acre intermodal yard L3 for Zn Jellyfish gravity-based design under construction Treatment cost - $523,000 If pumping required add ~ 100%

23 Northland Services Port of Seattle T acre container terminal 44 acres treated w/pumped CESF 20 acres treated w/cb media filtration Active treatment cost ~ $2.2M

24 Port of Tacoma Logyard 4-Tiered Biofiltration 25 acre logyard Level 3 for Zn, Cu, Turbidity, TSS Pumped biofiltration Bid cost ~ $2.6M

25 Treatment Performance Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q4

26 Terminal 4 Detention Pond

27 CONSTRUCTION EFFECTIVE SWEEPING EFFECTIVE SWEEPING, NEW CARS? POND EFFLUENT, SETTLING

28 T4 Pond Floating Treatment Wetlands Pilot treatment cell deployed May 2014 More cells planned Schematic and image by Headley and Tanner, National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd, New Zealand. Client report: HAM , November 2007

29 T4 Pond Floating Treatment Wetlands

30 Summary & Recommendations Stormwater permits are getting more prescriptive & stringent LID may not be the answer for everyone More parameters and more stringent corrective actions likely in future permits Develop your overall airport and marine MGP and IGP strategies NOW! Get jurisdictional issues work out Hoping that things will improve on their own is NOT an effective BMP!

31 Port of Tacoma & Vancouver, WA Bioretention in a Box Roof Runoff Media Filtration Systems The Grattix

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33 Questions??