From Hyogo Framework Action 2 to Post-MDGs/SDGs

Transcription

1 The seventh GEOSS Asia-Pacific Symposium 27 May, Tokyo, Japan From Hyogo Framework Action 2 to Post-MDGs/SDGs Kenichiro Tachi Senior Deputy Director, International Affairs Office, Water and Disaster Management Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) Japan Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

2 : A Critical year for Global Water and Disaster Risk Reduction Policy Post-2015 Development Framework 1. Post-2015 Millennium Development Goals (Post-2015 MDGs) 2. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3. Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (HFA2) 1

3 2 Road to Post-2015 Development Framework HFA2 May 2013 Global Platform 2013 Regional Platforms, etc. Inter governmental Preparatory process for WCDRR SIDS Conf. OECD Ministerial Council Meeting ECOSOC May May Post-2015 MDGs High Level Panel Report SG Report May 2013 July 2013 Sep Special Event for MDGs 68 th Session of General Assembly Discussions at various fora SDGs June 2012 Rio + 20 (UN Conference on Sustainable Development) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed. Mar SDGs - Aug. Open Working Group Sole running inter-governmental working group SDGs is agreed to be integrated to post MDGs at RIO +20 SDGs Report Sep. Mar UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 HFA2 Endorsement by UN/GA Resolution Inter Governmental Negotiation 69 th Session of General Assembly Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework UN/GA Resolution Decision Making by UN Member States 2015 (70 th Session of GA) HFA2 Post 2015 Framework for DRR Post Development Framework

4 3 Outline 1. Proposal for post MDGs and SDGs 2. Proposal for HFA2 3. Conclusion

5 Millennium Development Goals: MDGs 4 What are MDGs? (MDGs : Millennium Development Goals) The MDGs are the international development goals that UN Member States have agreed to try to achieve by the year The United Nations Millennium Declaration, signed in September 2000, commits world leaders to combat poverty, hunger, disease, illiteracy, environmental degradation, and discrimination against women. The MDGs are derived from this Declaration. The MDGs aim to achieve the 8 development goals. Each MDG has targets set for 2015 and concrete and measurable indicators to monitor progress from 1990 levels.

6 Goals of present MDGs and Water Target Goals of MDGs Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development Only one water target in MDGs Target 7c; Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation No Target on Disaster Risk Reduction Source: Millennium Development Goals Indicators, The official United Nations site for the MDG Indicators < 5

7 Road to Post-2015 Development Framework 6 Road to Post-2015 MDGs May 2013 Global Platform 2013 Regional Platforms, etc. Inter governmental Preparatory process for WCDRR SIDS Conf. OECD Ministerial Council Meeting ECOSOC May May May 2013 High Level Panel Report SG Report July 2013 Sep Special Event for MDGs 68 th Session of General Assembly Discussions at various fora June 2012 Rio + 20 (UN Conference on Sustainable Development) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed. Mar SDGs - Aug. Open Working Group Sole running inter-governmental working group SDGs is agreed to be integrated to post MDGs at RIO +20 SDGs Report Sep. Mar UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 HFA2 Endorsement by UN/GA Resolution Inter Governmental Negotiation 69 th Session of General Assembly Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework UN/GA Resolution Decision Making by UN Member States 2015 (70 th Session of GA) HFA2 Post 2015 Framework for DRR Post Development Framework

8 Proposed goals in the High-Level Panel Report (May 2013) Goal 1:End poverty Goal 2:Empower girls and women and achieve gender equality Goal 3:Provide quality education and lifelong learning Goal 4:Ensure healthy lives Goal 5:Ensure food security and good nutrition Goal 6:Achieve universal access to water and sanitation Goal 7:Secure sustainable energy Goal 8:Create jobs, sustainable livelihood, and equitable growth Goal 9:Manage natural resource assets sustainable Goal 10:Ensure good governance and effective institutions Goal 11:Ensure stable and peaceful societies Goal 12:Create a global enabling environment and catalyze long-term finance Target 1d Build resilience and reduce deaths from natural disasters by x% 6a. Provide universal access to safe drinking water at home, and in schools, health centers, and refugee camps 6b. End open defecation and ensure universal access to sanitation at school and work, and increase access to sanitation at home by x% 6c. Bring freshwater withdrawals in line with supply and increase water efficiency in agriculture by x%, industry by y% and urban areas by z% 6d. Recycle or treat all municipal and industrial wastewater prior to discharge Target on disaster risk reduction Independent water & sanitation goal Target on wastewater treatment Source: The Report of the High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda (May 2013) < 7

9 Post-2015 Target for Disaster Risk Reduction Proposed Target in the High-Level Panel Report (May 2013) Build resilience and reduce deaths from natural disasters by x% Inclusion of a target on disaster risk reduction is a big step forward. But Protecting assets and jobs/livelihoods by investing into disaster prevention is inevitable for eradicating poverty. Target on disaster risk reduction should not only aim to reduce deaths but also economic damages and losses. Weakness of the proposed target Indicator value depends on the magnitude or frequency of disasters occurring in the target period, and comparing numbers from different periods may provide misleading results. It is not necessarily an appropriate indicator to measure the progress resulting from the efforts and measures implemented. Need an appropriate indicator that can measure progress 8

10 Recommendation by MLIT Proposed Target on Disaster Risk Reduction Reduce deaths and economic damages from natural disasters by half Proposed Indicator on Disaster Risk Reduction % reduction in death and economic damages - Indicate how much damage has been reduced by disaster management measures damage: deaths or economic damages/losses Advantages of the above indicator Using actual figures of deaths/damages gives a sense of reality as compared to other MDGs indicators. By indicating in % reduction rather than absolute value, it can represent the effectiveness of disaster prevention investment regardless of the magnitude of disasters the world will experience in the next 15 years. Estimated damage with no measures in place can be calculated relatively easily using a model calibrated based on the actual disasters. 9

11 Sustainable Development Goals: SDGs SDGs : Sustainable Development Goals What are SDGs? UN Member States agreed at Rio+20 (June 2012) to develop Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as part of post-2015 framework We resolve to establish an inclusive and transparent intergovernmental process on sustainable development goals that is open to all stakeholders, with a view to developing global sustainable development goals to be agreed by the General Assembly. ( The Future We Want, June 2012) Member States agreed that SDGs must: Build upon commitments already made in the economic, social and environmental fields. Be coherent with and integrated into the United Nations development agenda beyond Not divert focus or effort from the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. Be universally applicable to all countries. etc Open Working Group on SDGs Mandated by the Rio+20 Outcome document to prepare a proposal on SDGs for consideration by the Assembly at its 68th session (Sept 2013 Sept ). 10

12 Road to SDGs 11 Road to SDGs May 2013 Global Platform 2013 Regional Platforms, etc. Inter governmental Preparatory process for WCDRR SIDS Conf. OECD Ministerial Council Meeting ECOSOC May May May 2013 High Level Panel Report SG Report July 2013 Sep Special Event for MDGs 68 th Session of General Assembly Discussions at various fora June 2012 Rio + 20 (UN Conference on Sustainable Development) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed. Mar SDGs - Aug. Open Working Group Sole running inter-governmental working group SDGs is agreed to be integrated to post MDGs at RIO +20 SDGs Report Sep. Mar UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 HFA2 Endorsement by UN/GA Resolution Inter Governmental Negotiation 69 th Session of General Assembly Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework UN/GA Resolution Decision Making by UN Member States 2015 (70 th Session of GA) HFA2 Post 2015 Framework for DRR Post Development Framework

13 Focus areas in the Working Document for OWG (5-9 May) 5 out of 16 Focus areas include water or disaster risk reduction targets. 1. Poverty eradication, building shared prosperity and promoting equality 2. Sustainable agriculture, food security and nutrition 3. Health and population dynamics 4. Education and life-long learning 5. Gender equality and women s empowerment 6. Water and sanitation 7. Energy 8. Economic growth, employment and infrastructure 9. Industrialization and promoting equality among nations 10. Sustainable cities and human settlements 11. Sustainable Consumption and Production 12. Climate change 13. Conservation and sustainable use of marine resources, oceans and seas 14. Ecosystems and biodiversity 15. Means of implementation/global partnership for sustainable development 16. Peaceful and inclusive societies, rule of law and capable institutions 12

14 Outline 1. Proposal for post MDGs and SDGs 2. Proposal for HFA2 3. Conclusion 13

15 Hyogo Framework for Action: HFA 14 What is HFA? HFA : Hyogo Framework for Action The HFA is a 10-year plan to make the world safer from natural hazards. -It came out of the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction held in Kobe, Japan. -It was endorsed by the UN General Assembly in the Resolution A/RES/60/195. The HFA is the first plan to explain, describe and detail the work that is required from all different sectors and actors to reduce disaster losses by The HFA offers five areas of priorities for action, guiding principles and practical means for achieving disaster resilience for vulnerable communities in the context of sustainable development. Who is responsible for HFA? National governments Regional organizations and institutions International organizations The ISDR system Others

16 Hyogo Framework for Action: HFA 5 Priorities for Actions 1 Make Disaster Risk Reduction a Priority Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation. 2 Know the Risks and Take Action Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning. 3 Build Understanding and Awareness Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels 4 Reduce Risk Reduce the underlying risk factors 5 Be Prepared and Ready to Act Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels. HFA will be concluded in Post-2015 Framework for disaster risk reduction (HFA2) is under the process of consultation. Current HFA is comprehensive, but some aspects should be further emphasized in the upcoming HFA2. 15

17 Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 16 (1) More Investment for Disaster Prevention In most developing countries, investment into infrastructure whose linkages with economic development are easily understood (i.e. transportation infrastructure, etc.) is prioritized over investment for disaster prevention. Some countries are hit by mega-disasters without adequate investment into disaster prevention. These countries loose all the development gains and suffer difficulties getting their economy back on track. Japan s economic development was based on the continuous investment into preventive measures. National Budget for DRM (million JPY) DRM Investment and GDP in Japan National Budget for Recovery and Reconstruction (total) National Budget for Preparedness (total) GDP(nominal) 8,000,000 7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000, , , , , , , , ,000 0 GDP(nominal) (billion JPY)

18 Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 17 (2) Best mix of structural & non-structural measures The HFA has a strong focus on non-structural measures (e.g. policies, legislative/institutional framework, early warning, education). Non-structural measures such as early warning can save lives, but their effectiveness in protecting assets and preventing economic losses is limited. Best mix of structural and non-structural measures is crucial for prevention of economic impacts of disasters. HFA2 should deliver a stronger message that appropriate combination of structural and nonstructural measures to be promoted in more strategic and deliberate manner. Flood management measures are typically described as either structural or non-structural. Structural and non-structural measures do not preclude each other, and most successful strategies will combine both types. 1) Source; 1) The World Bank, GFDRR, Cities and Flooding A Guide to Integrated Urban Flood Risk Management for the 21st Century, , p.32-33, <

19 Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 18 (3) Addressing disaster risk reduction in all sectors Investing into infrastructure in disaster-prone areas can increase vulnerability against disasters unless disaster risk is appropriately accounted for (schools or hospitals without earthquake protection, population growth in flood-prone areas, etc). HFA2 should stress the importance of addressing disaster risk reduction in all development projects across all sectors. Expressway acted as a barrier against tsunamis At the time of Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunamis, the embankment structured expressway, The East Sendai Expressway acted as a secondary barrier or dike, and prevented tsunamis from penetrating further inland. Inland side coastline inundation East Sendai Expressway No inundation sea side

20 Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 19 (4) Recovery and reconstruction for reducing future damages Similar scale of damage may be repeated if infrastructure is only restored to its pre-disaster state. It may also lead to persistent poverty. In order to build a disaster resilient society, recovery and reconstruction from a disaster should be planed in a way so that future damage from a disaster of similar magnitude will be at least smaller. In Japan, damaged infrastructures are recovered and reconstructed based on the idea of preventing recurrence of a similar disaster. Levee construction, channel excavation and development of detention basins were carried out in Igarashi River and Kariyata River of Shinano River System after the flood of July 2004 in order to prevent damages from future flooding. In July 2011, heavy rain with precipitation higher than that of 2004 by 40% was recorded, however damages were significantly reduced day precipitation (Upstream of Teiseki-bashi) % increase Damages to General Asset Damaged Buildings (mm) (million yen) (number) ,230 98% reduction 平成 16 年 7 月洪水平成 23 年 7 月洪水平成 16 年 7 月洪水平成 23 年 7 月洪水平成 16 年 7 月洪水平成 23 年 7 月洪水 , , % reduction ,062

21 Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 (5) Survey and recording of the damages after disasters Obtaining accurate information and records of actual disaster damages helps understanding characteristics of disasters and developing appropriate recovery/reconstruction plans. Accumulating long-term disaster statistics data helps verifying progress of disaster management measures and setting appropriate goals. Flood Damage Statistics Survey by MLIT National Government MLIT (National Develop the guideline of flood damage statistics survey (coverage and procedure of the survey, survey format, fill-in Prefectures Municipalities guideline, etc.) Submit within 45 days of disaster occurrence Submit -Aggregate the survey data -Calculate the damage -Compile and publish Flood Damage Statistics -Upload the data to the DB server of Flood Damage Statistics Occurrence of water-related disaster General assets Public infrastructures Public Services Access to Flood Damage Statistics DB Municipalities Prefectures Submit Prefectures Aggregate, organize, and screen the survey data Public Services Offices Submit National Government (Regional Offices, etc.) Query and view the survey data 20

22 Road to the HFA2 21 Road to the HFA2 May 2013 Global Platform 2013 Regional Platforms, etc. Inter governmental Preparatory process for WCDRR SIDS Conf. OECD Ministerial Council Meeting ECOSOC May May May 2013 High Level Panel Report SG Report July 2013 Sep Special Event for MDGs 68 th Session of General Assembly Discussions at various fora June 2012 Rio + 20 (UN Conference on Sustainable Development) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was proposed. Mar SDGs - Aug. Open Working Group Sole running inter-governmental working group SDGs is agreed to be integrated to post MDGs at RIO +20 SDGs Report Sep. Mar UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 HFA2 Endorsement by UN/GA Resolution Inter Governmental Negotiation 69 th Session of General Assembly Summit for post 2015 Dev. Framework UN/GA Resolution Decision Making by UN Member States 2015 (70 th Session of GA) HFA2 Post 2015 Framework for DRR Post Development Framework

23 22 Outline 1. Proposal for post MDGs and SDGs 2. Proposal for HFA2 3. Conclusion

24 Conclusion MLIT s Proposals for post MDGs and SDGs Targets on disaster risk reduction should be included. Target on disaster risk reduction should not only aim to reduce deaths but also economic damages and losses. MLIT s Proposals for HFA2 Points to be emphasized in the HFA2 are as follows 1) More Investment for Disaster Prevention 2) Best mix of structural & non-structural measures 3) Addressing disaster risk reduction in all sectors 4) Recovery and reconstruction for reducing future damages 5) Survey and recording of the damages after disasters To properly position Water and Disaster Risk Reduction in Post-2015 Development Framework, support from science and technology is indispensable! 23