10/27/2015. Microgrid Concept. Microgrid Concept. Definition [1]

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1 OBG PRESENTS: Microgrids and Distributed Generations from Federal to State Installations Mohammad Nikkhah Mojdehi, PhD AGENDA Motivations for Microgrid in DoD Net Zero Initiative SPIDER JCTD Other Microgrid Installations State of Technology Lesson Learned and Challenges Jamestown Microgrid 2 Definition [1] Group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid Can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid connected and island-mode 3 [1] The U.S. Department of Energy. 4 Power Actors in the Microgrid Control System [2] Microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that act as single controllable entity with respect to the grid. Role Monitoring and Control Protection Generation Load Distribution Storage Actor EMS Historian HMI HMI Server IED Protection Relay Breaker Fuse Generator Generator Controller Automatic Transfer Switch Renewable Energy Generator Renewable Energy Controller Building Management System Load Controller Smart Meter RTU PMU PCC Synchronizing Relay Distribution Transformer Grounding Transformer Disconnect Switch Energy Storage System Energy Storage Controller Plug-in Electric Vehicle Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment [2] C. K. Veitch, J. M. Henry, B. T. Richardson, D. H. Hart, Microgrid Cyber Security Reference Architecture, Sandia National Laboratories, Technical Report SAND ,

2 Common Implementation of Microgrid [3] Motivations for Microgrid in DoD Type 1a Stand-alone backup generation Type 1b Stand-alone generation with grid-tied RE generation Type 2a Grid-tied backup generation that can be islanded Type 2b Grid-tied backup generation with islandable RE generation [3] S. B. Van Broekhoven, N. Judson, S. V. T. Nguyen, and W. D. Ross, Microgrid study: energy security for DoD installations, MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Technical Report 1164, Environmental Security and Technology Certification Program (ESTCP) Established in 1995 DoD s environmental technology demonstration and validation program Identify / demonstrate the most promising innovative and costeffective technologies / methods that address DoD s high-priority environmental requirements 9 Net Zero Initiative (2010) Announced by the Army to evaluate the feasibility and implementation of: Producing as much energy on-site as it uses annually Limiting the consumption of freshwater resources Reducing, reusing, & recovering solid waste streams EPAct05 EISA 2007 EO Net Zero Initiative 10 Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security (SPIDERS) Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD) is a $30 million project lead by Sandia National Laboratories, under a partnership between the DoD and the DoE to: Protect task critical assets from loss of power due to cyber attack Integrate renewable energies to power task critical assets in times of emergency Sustain critical operations during prolonged power outages Manage efficiency to reduce petroleum demand, carbon bootprint, and cost. Net Zero Initiative

3 In 2008, the U.S. DoD and the U.S. DoE defined a joint initiative to address military energy use by identifying specific actions to reduce energy demand and increase use of renewable energy on DoD installations. The Net Zero Initiative is a holistic strategy for managing energy, water, and waste at Army installations. 13 Energy Net Zero Pilot Installations Fort Bliss Fort Carson Fort Detrick Fort Hunter Liggett Kwajalein Atoll Camp Parks Sierra Army Depot West Point Oregon Army National Guard (state wide) October 2010 February 2011 April 2011 Goals Net Zero Initiative announced The Army identifies 17 pilot installations to bring the overall consumption of resources down a rate of zero by 2020 Producing as much energy on-site as it uses annually Limiting the consumption of freshwater resources Reducing, reusing, and recovering solid waste streams 14 ENERGY ENERGY Reduction Reduction Net Zero Hierarchy Re-Purpose Recycling & Composting Energy Recovery Disposal Net Zero Energy Hierarchy Re-Purpose Recycling & Composting Energy Recovery Renewable Energy [4] Net Zero progress report, [4] Net Zero progress report, Department of Defense, Department of Defense, Assistant Secretary of the Army Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Energy and (Installations, Energy and Environment), Environment), Fort Bliss 100% of the electric load and 46% of the thermal load for an overall 78% Net Zero solution Fort Carson 100% of electrical and 93% of thermal energy from renewable systems as an Net Zero solution Wind power Fort Bliss load reduction Combination of PV and Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) 6 hours energy storage and renewable energy Biomass integration roadmap [4] Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) Solar Ventilation Preheating (SVP) Solar Hot Water [4] Army Net Zero energy roadmap and program summary FY 2013, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 17 Wind power Combination of PV and Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) 6 hours energy storage Biomass Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) Solar Ventilation Preheating (SVP) Solar Hot Water [4] Army Net Zero energy roadmap and program summary FY 2013, National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Challenges: Very low life cycle cost-effectiveness of Fort Carson load reduction renewable energy Mission and impacts renewable from renewable energy systems integration roadmap [4] A premium for renewables in a budgetconstrained environment; Lack of individual building data and electrical one-line diagram 18 3

4 Fort Detrick 71% of energy reduction through energy efficiency and renewable energy 15 MW PV system An incinerator boiler system Central steam plant decommissioning Fort Detrick load reduction Challenges: and renewable energy High integration cost of renewable roadmap energy[4] Security of SCADA equipment SPIDERS JCTD Smart Power Infrastructure Demonstration for Energy Reliability and Security Joint Capability Technology Demonstration [4] Army Net Zero energy roadmap and program summary FY 2013, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Defense Science Board Task Force on DoD Energy Strategy issued the report More Fight-Less Fuel Challenges of DoD [5] Unnecessarily high and growing battlespace fuel demand Dependencies of military installations on vulnerable commercial power grids 21 [5] More fight-less fuel, Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on DoD Energy Strategy, Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistic, 2008, Available: 22 SPIDERS JCTD Partnership between the DoD and the DoE Protect task-critical assets Integrate renewable and other distributed energy generation concepts Sustain critical operations during prolonged power outages Manage installation electrical power and consumption efficiency to reduce petroleum demand, carbon boot print, and cost Phase I Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam Phase II Fort Carson Microgrid project Phase III Camp Smith Energy Island Template for DoD-wide implementation Transition to commercial sector Transition cyber security to federal sector and utilities

5 Joint Base Pearl Harbor Hickam Achievements [6] Power export to distribution system (over 1MW net export) Fully loaded black start operation Seamless paralleling to the commercial grid Paralleling and synchronization of diesel generators Significant penetration from renewables during islanded operation [6] SPIDER Phase 2 Fort Carson technology transition public report, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Fort Carson SPIDER Microgrid specifications 2 MW solar and 3.25 MVA diesel backup generation 5 Electric Vehicles with V2G Capability Upgraded control components with communication ability Dedicated control network between the various switches (provided by IPERC) [6] SPIDER Phase 2 Fort Carson technology transition public report, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Security Guidelines NIST , Guide to Industrial Control System Security NIST , App 1 Security Controls, Enhancements, and Supplemental Guidance DoDI Camp Smith Other Microgrid Installations A microgrid for the entire campus (15 MW) with diesel generators, solar PV, and energy storage incorporating highest level of cyber security [6] SPIDER Phase 2 Fort Carson technology transition public report, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Location Microgrid Type DER Technology Purpose ANG Fargo 2a - demand response ANG ST. Paul 2a - demand response ANG VOLK Field 2a - demand response Buckley AFB - diesel generator (1 MW) - Cannon AFB Cape Canaveral AFS 1a diesel generator Clear AFS 1a coal-powered generation - Creech AFB Dyess AFB 2a 5 diesel generator (2.2 MW each) peak shaving Eielson AFB 1a CHP Island operation 1.5 MW black start diesel generator Kirtland AFB - - ESTCP Kunsan AB 2a 8 diesel generator (750 kw each) demand response JB San Antonio/Lackland AFB 2b PV - lead-acid batteries Maxwell AFB 2a 2 backup generator (600 kw) generator (100 kw) PV (500 kw) McConnell AFB 1a 2 diesel generators (1.5 MW each) JB McGuire-Dix-Lakehurts AFB 2b PV (75 kw) lithium ion battery (25 kwh) ESTCP peak shaving demo power cell (80 kw) Offutt AFB Osan AB 1a 6 mobile generators (750 kw) Patrick AFB 1a 2 diesel generators (6.6 MW) - Robins AFB 2a combustion gas turbine plant (80 MW) Schriever AFB Stewart AGS 2b PV ( kw) - Tinker AFB 2a combustion gas turbine plant (80 MW) Fort Belvoir 2a CHP (1 MW) ESTCP diesel generator (800 kw) Fort Bragg 2a genset (5 MW) Peak shaving Fort Devens - - ESTCP Fort Sill 1b 2 diesel generators (210 kw each) PV (20 kw) wind (2.4 kw) battery bank (500 kva) Fort Wainwright 1a CHP (20 MW) 1b PV (225 kw) - 2b (planned) 2 MW power plant - Wheeler Army Airfield 2a (planned) bio-fuel compatible reciprocating diesel - (52 MW) US Air Force Academy 2b PV (6 MW) - Vandenberg AFB 2a 5 generators (3 MW each) peak shaving Whiteman AFB

6 NSF Dahlgren 2a diesel generators (14 MW) demand response PMRF Barking 1a diesel generators (1.5 MW) Island operation Philadelphia Navy Yard State of Technology MCAGCC Twentynine Palms 2a CHP (7.2 MW) diesel backup generator PV (1.3 MW) MCAS Miramar 2b (planned) landfill gas system (3.2 MW) cogen (1 MW) PV (1 MW) battery (1 MW) Joint Bases JB Lewis-McChord - - Pohakuloa Training Area No current DoD installation microgrids have the degree of integration with the utility grid necessary to participate in the ancillary services market. No current installation microgrids can island with their intermittent renewable generation. Dynamic Load shedding is a necessary element to implement an island operation seamlessly and not yet successfully demonstrated Multi-dimensional strategies (Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy, and etc.) Utilization of existing technologies High cost of renewable energies Lessons Learned and Challenges Private-sector financing through third-party contracts Utility interconnection for DGs IEEE 1547 Cyber security concerns / lack of standards Jamestown Microgrid Lack of dynamic load shedding ride through demonstration Lack of load information/one-line diagram of feeders Jamestown Electric Power System Carson Generation Station The gas turbine can be run in simple cycle, with the heat recovery steam generator, with an efficient operating range between approximately 21.5 and 43 megawatts. Aggregated hourly thermal and electrical load for 2014 Carson Station Generation Facilities

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