COMPARATIVE STUDY ON STABILIZATION OF SOIL WITH GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG (GGBS)

Transcription

1 International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology Volume 6, Issue 3: Page No.37-41,May-June 17 ISSN (Online):78-99 COMPARATIVE STUDY ON STABILIZATION OF SOIL WITH GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG (GGBS) 1 Er. Rehana Rasool, Er. Kshipra Kapoor 1 M.Tech Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, Universal Institutions of Engineering and Technology, Lalru Assistant Prof. & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, Universal Institutions of Engineering and Technology, Lalru Abstract - Utilization of industrial waste materials in the improvement of problematic soils is a cost efficient and also environmental friendly method in the sense that it helps in reducing disposal problems caused by the various industrial wastes. The main objective of the present study is to improve various engineering properties of the soil by using waste material Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as an alternative to lime or cement, so as to make it capable of taking more loads from the foundation structures. This paper includes the evaluation of soil properties like unconfined compressive strength test and California bearing ratio test. The soil sample was collected from Lalru and addition to that, different percentages of GGBS (%, 6%, 1 %, 18 % and 4%). was added to find the variation in its original strength. Based on these results CBR test was performed with the GGBS percentages (%, 6%, 1 %, 18 % and 4%). From these results, it was found that optimum GGBS (18%) gives the maximum increment in the CBR value compared with all the other combinations. Keywords: clayey soils, index properties, granulated blast-furnace slag, stabilization 1. INTRODUCTION In developing countries like India, the biggest handicap is to provide a complete network of road system in the limited furnaces available to build road by conventional method. Therefore there is a need to go for suitable method of low cost road construction followed by a process of stage development of the roads, to meet the growing needs of road traffic. The construction can be considerably decreased by selecting local materials including local soils for the construction of the lower layers of the pavement such as the sub-base course and subgrade soil. If the stability of the local soil is not adequate for supporting the wheel loads, the properties are improved by soil stabilization techniques. The soil stabilization means the improvement of stability or bearing power of the soil by the use of controlled compaction, proportioning and/or the addition of suitable admixture or stabilizer. It can be used to treat a wide range of subgrade materials from expansive clay to granular materials. The greatest challenge before the processing and manufacturing industries is disposal of the residual waste products. Waste products which are generally toxic, ignitable, corrosive or reactive pose serious health and environmental consequences. Thus disposal of industrial waste is a measure issue of the present generation. This measure issue requires an affective, economic and environment friend method to combat the disposal of the residual industrial waste products. One of the common and feasible ways to utilize these waste products is to go for construction of roads, highways and embankments. If these materials can be suitably utilized in construction of roads, highways and embankments then the pollution problem caused by the industrial wastes can be greatly reduced. Huge amount of soil is used in the construction of roads and highways but sufficient amount of soil of required quality is not available easily. These industrial wastes which are used as a substitute for natural soil in the construction not only solve the problems of disposal and environmental pollution but also help to preserve the natural soil.. LITERATURE ON GGBS S. Wild et al studied the Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the strength and swelling properties of lime-stabilized kaolinite in the presence of sulphates. This paper reports on efforts to extend the use of GGBS to highway and other foundation layers by determining the beneficial effect which it has on the reduction of expansion due to the presence of sulphates. The paper describes the results of laboratory tests on lime-stabilized kaolinite containing different levels of added sulphate to which different amounts of GGBS have been added. The tests determine the strength development of compacted cylinders, moist cured in a humid environment at 3 C, and the linear expansion of these moist cured cylinders on soaking in water. The results illustrate that small additions of GGBS to sulphate containing clays which are stabilized with lime reduce substantially their expansion when exposed to water and have no significant deleterious effect on strength development. Osman Sivrikaya et al (14) studied on the effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag on the index and compaction parameters of clayey soils. In this context, the use of industrial wastes in the stabilization of fine-grained soils has become a research topic in recent years. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential use of granulated blastfurnace slag (GBFS) in clayey soil stabilization. In this study, ISSN:

2 the GBFS obtained from the Iskenderun iron-steel plant as an industrial waste was ground into two different fineness levels, and the effects of their incorporation into low plasticity Kolsuz clay and high-plasticity bentonite clay in various rates (%, 1%, %, 3%, and %) on the particle weight of unit volume, the consistency limits, and the compaction parameters are investigated. Based on the experimental results, it is clear that the GBFS has a positive effect on the stabilization of both clayey soils. It was also concluded that the improvement in bentonite clay is greater than that in Kolsuz clay. Thus, GBFS seems to be a promising material for the stabilization of clayey soils. Anil Sharma et al studied the Ground granulated blast furnace slag amended fly ash as an expansive soil stabilizer. The potential of using a binder for stabilization of expansive soils that consists of a mixture of fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) is evaluated in this study. The joint use of these two materials to form a binder provides new opportunities to enhance pozzolanic activities that may reduce the swell potential and increase the unconfined compressive strength of expansive clays. The influence of different percentages of binder on the Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics and unconfined compressive strength of an artificially-mixed soil were examined. The addition of binder was shown to bring about a significant improvement in these soil properties. It was found that the liquid limit and plasticity index of the expansive soil decreased considerably with the addition of binder, while the strength improved. Adding a small amount of lime (one percent) further improved the soil properties by enhancing the pozzolanic reactivity of the binder. Based on the results of the unconfined compressive strength tests, the addition of % binder is recommended as optimum content. Laximanth Yadu (13) evaluated the potential of granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) with fly ash to stabilize a soft soil. Soft soil samples were collected from Tatibandh- Atari, rural road of Raipur, Chhattisgarh. This soil was classified as CI-MI as per Indian Standard Classification system (ISCS). Different amounts of GBS, i.e. 3, 6, and 9% with different amount of fly ash i.e 3%, 6%, 9% and 1% were used to stabilize the soft soil. The performance of GBS with fly ash modified soils was evaluated using compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR) test. Based on these performance tests, optimum amount of GBS with fly ash was determined as 3% fly ash + 6% GBS. Reasonable improvement has been observed for unsoaked and soaked CBR value of soils with this optimum amount. GyanenTakhelmayum (13) studied on the soil Stabilization Using Fine and Coarse GGBS. In this investigation is to evaluate the compaction and unconfined compressive strength of stabilized black cotton soil using fine and coarse ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Characterization of black cotton soil is carried out for grain distribution and soil classification. A series of compaction test were carried out using mini compaction mould for different combination of soil along with fine and coarse ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) mixtures. For stabilization of black cotton soil, the unconfined compressive strength test were carried out in accordance with the standard procedures for different combination of soil with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) mixtures. International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology. Laxmikant Yadu et al (13) studied the stabilization of soft soil with granulated blast furnace slag and fly ash. The present paper evaluated the potential of granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) with fly ash to stabilize a soft soil. Soft soil samples were collected from Tatibandh-Atari, rural road of Raipur, Chhattisgarh. This soil was classified as CI-MI as per Indian Standard Classification system (ISCS). Different amounts of GBS, i.e. 3, 6, and 9% with different amount of fly ash i.e 3%, 6%, 9% and 1% were used to stabilize the soft soil. The performance of GBS with fly ash modified soils was evaluated using compaction and california bearing ratio (CBR) test. Based on these performance tests, optimum amount of GBS with fly ash was determined as 3% fly ash + 6% GBS. Reasonable improvement has been observed for unsoaked and soaked CBR value of soils with this optimum amount. Celik and Nalbantoglu (13) had studied the effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag on IP, linear shrinkage (LS), and SP of lime stabilized sulphate-bearing expansive soil. They found that the growth of ettringite mineral was prevented by the addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag, to lime stabilized expansive soil which resulted decrease in IP, LS, and Sp of lime stabilized expansive soil. 3. MATERIALS & METHODS 3.1 SOIL The Sandy Clayey soil is obtained from Lalru (INDIA). According to Unified Soil Classification system, the soil was classified as clayey sand with low plasticity (CL). The index and engineering properties are determined. 3. GROUND GRANULATED BLAST SLAG Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) was procured from Ready mix concrete plant of Aditya Birla group. The material may be classified as low compressible inorganic silt (ML).The chemical composition of a slag varies considerably depending on the composition of the raw materials in the in the iron production process. The main components of blast furnace slag are CaO, Sio, Al o 3, and MgO. The physical properties of GGBS are shown in table 1. Table 1: Physical properties of GGBS Properties Values Specific gravity.9 Bulk Density(kg/m 3 ) 1 Surface Area (m /kg) 416 Insoluble residue (%).14 Loss on ignition (%).19 Moisture Content (%).14 ISSN:

3 FIG 1: GGBS 3.3 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH The unconfined compression test is by far the most popular method of soil shear testing because it is one of the fastest and cheapest methods of measuring shear strength. The method is used primarily for saturated, cohesive soils recovered from thin-walled sampling tubes. The unconfined compression test is inappropriate for dry sands or crumbly clays because the materials would fall apart without some land of lateral confinement. The shearing strength is commonly investigated by means of compression tests in which an axial load is applied to the specimen and increased until failure occurs. The unconfined compressive strength is the load per unit area at which and unconfined cylindrical specimen of soil will fail in a simple compression test. If the unit axial compression force per unit area has not reached a maximum value up to percent axial strain. This test was conducted as per IS 7 (Part1): 1973.The unconfined compressive strength is the load per unit area at which the cylindrical specimen of a cohesive soil falls in compression and by plotting the axial stress and strain in the graph, following unconfined strengths are computed as per reinforcement. 3.4 CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST (CBR) The California bearing ratio is a penetration test for evaluation of the mechanical strength of road sub grades and base-courses. The test is performed by measuring the pressure required to penetrate a soil sample with a plunger of standard area. The measured pressure is then divided by the pressure required to achieve an equal penetration on a standard crushed rock material. It is the ratio of force per unit area required to penetrate a soil mass with standard circular piston at the rate of 1. mm/min. to that required for the corresponding penetration of a standard material. This test was performed as per IS 7(Part 16): In a triaxial shear test, stress is applied to a sample of the material being tested in a way which results in stresses along one axis being different from the stresses in perpendicular directions. This is typically achieved by placing the sample between two parallel platens which apply stress in one (usually vertical) direction, and applying fluid pressure to the specimen to apply stress in the perpendicular directions. The application of different compressive stresses in the test apparatus causes shear stress to develop in the sample the loads can be increased and deflections monitored until failure of the sample. During the test, the surrounding fluid is pressurized, and the stress on the platens is increased until the material in the cylinder fails and forms sliding regions within it, known as shear bands. Soil with various amounts of GGBS added to determine the effect on shear parameter of soil with % to 4% by dry weight of soil. 4. RESULT & DISCUSSION A series of strength test were carried out for different proportions of GGBS mixtures. The clayey soil with varying proportion of GGBS mixtures were prepared at the respective optimum moisture content and the characteristic compaction and unconfined compressive strength values, Tri axial test and CBR values were determined for different curing. A series of compaction test were carried out by varying soil and Fine GGBS at respective optimum moisture content 4.1 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH Unconfined Compressive Strength % 6% 1% 18% 4% Fig : Unconfined compressive strength (% to 4%) 3. TRI AXIAL SHEAR TEST ISSN:

4 4. CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO TEST (CBR) CONCLUSION The study has been conducted to assess the potential of 14 GGBS for stabilization of the same nature of soil and detailed 1 comparison has been presented based on various properties of soil. By analysis of result the following conclusions may be 1 drawn: The primary benefits of using these additives for soil stabilization are Cost Savings: because slag is typically 8 mm 6 Pene trati 4 on CBR Value % 6% 1% 18% 4% Fig 3: EFFECT OF GGBS ON C B R VALUE FOR UNSOAKED SOIL CBR Value % 6% 1% 18% 4% mm Pen etra tion Fig 4: EFFECT OF GGBS ON CBR VALUE FOR SOAKED SOIL 4.3 TRI AXIAL SHEAR TEST Angle of shearing Resisitance in Degree 1 1 % 6% 1% 18% 4% Fig : Angle of shearing resistance (% to 4%) cheaper than cement and lime; and Availability: because slag sources are easily available across the country from nearby steel plants. Waste management one of the industrial wastes can be done economically. Use of slag as an admixture for improving engineering properties of the soils is an economical solution to use the locally available poor soil. It is observed that with increase of slag, more stability of soil is achieved as compared to using lime alone. C B R value for soaked and unsoaked increases with increases in percentage of GGBS that show the densification of soil takes place and more suitable for pavement thickness. Triaxial test result indicates that with the increases of GGBS percentage cohesion (C) decreases while angle of internal friction (Ø)increases considerably, thus making the soil less cohesive and more resistant. REFERENCES 1. Anil Sharma, Ground granulated blast furnace slag amended fly ash as an expansive soil stabilizer, research gate. S.Wild, Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) on the strength and swelling properties of lime-stabilized kaolinite in the presence of sulphates, research gate 3. K.V.N. Mallikharjuna Rao (1) The Influence of Calcium Chloride on the Reinforced Marine Clay for Foundation Soil Beds, International Journal o f Applied Research; 1(): Sridevi G Efficacy of GGBS Stabilized Soil Cushions With and Without Lime in Pavements, International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Computational and Applied Sciences (IJETCAS), ISSN (Print): ISSN (Online): Ashish Kumar Pathak Soil Stabilisation Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. ISSN: 48-96, Vol. 4, Issue (Version ), May 14, pp Dayalan J Comparative Study on Stabilization of Soil with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and Fly Ash International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET). E-ISSN: 39-6 Volume: 3 Issue: May-16 p-issn: Oormila.T.R Effect of Stabilization Using Flyash and GGBS in Soil Characteristics, International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 11 Number 6 - May GyanenTakhelmayum Experimental Studies on Soil Stabilization Using Fine and Coarse GGBS, International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, Website: (ISSN -49, ISO 91:8 Certified Journal, Volume 3, and Issue 3 March 13). 9. Kavak Reuse of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) in Lime Stabilized Embankment Materials, IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 8, No. 1, February Laxmikant Yadu STABILIZATION OF SOFT SOIL WITH GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG AND FLY ASH, IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: K.V. Manjunath. Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag,International Conference on Advances in Architecture and Civil Engineering (AARC, V 1), 1st 3rd June Paper ID GET114, Vol Kayal Rajakumaran An experimental analysis on stabilization of expansive soil with steel slag and fly ash International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology, Jan., 1. IJAET ISSN: ISSN:

5 13. Tarkeshwar Pramanik Study the Behaviour of Soil for Sub Grade by using Marble Dust and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 397: 7 Certified Organization) Vol., Issue, May Laxmikant Yadu & R.K. Tripathi, (13) Stabilization of Soft Soil With Granulated Blast Furnace Slag & Fly Ash, International Journal of Research in Engineering & Technology, Vol., Issue:, pp Gyanen Takhelmayum, Savitha.A.L & Krishna Gudi, (13) Experimental Studies on Soil Stabilization using Fine & Coarse GGBS, International Journal of emerging technology & Advanced Engineering, Vol.3, Issue3, pp Akshaya Kumar Sabat A Review of literature on stabilization of expansive soil using solid wastes EJGE, Volume 19,14 ISSN: