Recent Lab Incidents. Securing Safer Futures. Southern Wisconsin School District Sodium Event

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1 Bill Freeman, CHMM Securing Safer Futures W7748 County Hwy. V, Lake Mills, WI A Message From Flinn On January 2 a fire and explosion occurred at a New York City high school injuring two students. One student remains hospitalized with burns over 50% of his body. Unfortunately, this is the fourth time in four months that similar accidents have occurred at U.S. high schools. From one Chief Executive to another, I ask you to be alert for what could happen at your school. I encourage you and your science teachers to be informed and learn from the short videos describing these accidents we are about to share with you. The good news is there is a solution for preventing these horrific accidents! Start by having your science teachers trained and certified in laboratory safety. Flinn Scientific has a free, 8-hour online laboratory safety certification course. This course covers every aspect of high school lab safety. Over 29,000 science teachers have already taken our free course and become certified. Each of these four tragic accidents was entirely preventable. Awareness, training and education matters! A great strategic goal would be to have all of your science teachers certified in laboratory safety before the start of the 2014/15 school year. The safety of your teachers and students is important to me. If you or your teachers have laboratory safety questions call us at A live person will answer. Ask to speak with one of my scientists and within seconds you will be talking to a lab safety expert. Getting free advice that reduces accidents and improves your school's safety profile really is that easy. To view the videos referenced above and to learn more about our free safety training go to: Very truly yours, Larry Flinn Chairman Flinn Scientific, Inc. P.O. Box 219 Batavia, IL Recent Lab Incidents Southern Wisconsin School District Sodium Event Solid sodium reacts violently with moisture Left in a sink Fire Fighting procedures/training Chemical Procurement?? Do we really need sodium $25,000 in clean-up/damage 1

2 Recent Lab Incidents Madison Area School District Mercury Event Student in the eight hour tampers with a Hg filled barometer by placing hose onto a gas jet and turning on the gas aerosolizing the mercury and exposing a classroom full of students Students leave and must be retrieved from activities etc.» Clothing left for disposal Clean up exceeded $60,000 Effective January 1, 2012» No schools may knowingly store free-flowing elemental mercury, store a mercury-containing compound or an instrument or measuring device that contains mercury. Unless one of the exceptions applies. Recent Lab Incidents Madison Area School District Laboratory Fire Instructor made gun powder from ground charcoal Conducted a demonstration that went wrong, spark ignited a plate of ground charcoal School was evacuated, fire was extinguished Custodial staff used fans to evacuate smoke from the room filling the school with smoke What would be more logical? Recent Lab Events Milwaukee Area School District Anhydrous Ammonia spill Science staff transporting chemicals on a cart spills the concentrate anhydrous ammonia Odor fills over half the school within minutes School evacuated What would you want to do first in this situation? 2

3 Chemical Hygiene Minimum Employer Responsibilities Designate a Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) Develop Chemical Hygiene Committee (Recommended) Develop and implement a written Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) Inventory all hazardous chemicals/materials and acquire all necessary Safety Data Sheets (SDSs) Identify hazards by labeling chemicals using SDSs and New GHS requirements Train employees on physical and health hazards and protective measures-proficient Provide medical monitoring for employees Where necessary, upon request or in the event of an exposure Scope and Application (a) Employers engaged in the lab use of hazardous chemicals Does not apply if Use does not meet definition of lab use There is no potential exposure What is lab use? Chemical manipulations in a fume hood and Multiple procedures or chemicals are used and Processes are not part of production process and Protective lab practices and standards are available and in common use to minimize exposure Definitions (b) Chemical Hygiene Officer (CHO) - qualified by training or experience to provide technical guidance in the development and the implementation of the provisions of the Chemical Hygiene Plan Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) Written program with procedure, equipment, PPE, and work practices capable of protecting employees Hazardous Chemical chemical for which there is a statistical evidence that acute or chronic health effects may occur. Laboratory Facility where laboratory use of chemicals occur small quantities/non-production (Use of a Fume Hood) 3

4 Program Elements (c)(d) Exposure Determination monitor for any substance if there is reason to believe exposure levels routinely exceed OSHA action level or PEL Monitoring results communicated to employee if gathered OSHA Emphasis Programs Arsenic Cadmium Formaldehyde Hexavalent Chromium Lead Asbestos Silica Chemical Hygiene Plan CHP (e) Must be in writing & readily available Electronic computer access Goals Protects employees and Keep exposures below the OSHA action level or Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL) 4

5 Hygiene Plan Elements SOPs for laboratory work Criteria to control exposures through: Administrative controls - substitution Engineering controls - ventilation PPE Hygiene practices Fume hoods Training Pre-approval for certain procedures or operations Medical consultation & exams Designation of Chemical HygieneOfficer/Committee Provisions for handling certain hazardous substances Program Elements Periodic evaluations Lab standard Respirator Haz Comm Emergency Action Plan annual evaluations performance based evaluate when changes occur performance based evaluate when changes occur added Chem. performance based evaluate when changes occur 5

6 Responsibilities Roles & responsibilities Who does what Chemical Hygiene Officer Compensation?? List of Duties Staff Liability??? Students? Training Specifics Hazards of specific chemicals Mercury Flammables Combustibles Protection Measures PPE Administrative Restrictions Fume Hoods Other applicable details of the CHP Storage Plan / Location Safety Data Sheets (SDS s) REQUIRED FOR ANY/ALL HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS IN THE WORKPLACE MUST BE KEPT BY EMPLOYER AND AVAILABLE FOR REVIEW IN CASE OF EMERGENCY MUST CONTAIN THE SAME INFORMATION, IN THE SAME FORMAT MUST BE KEPT FOR 30 YEARS AFTER THE PRODUCT IS LAST USED IN THE WORKPLACE YOU MUST KNOW THE LOCATION OF SDS S AND THE STEPS TO TAKE TO OBTAIN A COPY 6

7 Hazard Labeling Systems NFPA - National Fire Protection Association HMIS - Hazardous Materials I.D. System Risk scale (0-4), higher number = higher risk or danger (0=none, 4=extreme) Hazard Identification Hazardous Communication Signage Proper Chemical Labeling Name Hazard Labeling Systems MSDS Maintenance inventory Access 7

8 The New 2012 Hazard Communication Rule and The Globally Harmonized System (GHS) Basics of The GHS What is Covered & Exempted Organization and Details of the New Hazard Communication Rule 22 What is the GHS? The GHS is the acronym used for The United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. It is meant to be a logical and comprehensive approach to: Defining health, physical and environmental hazards of chemicals; Creating classification processes that use available data on chemicals for comparison with the defined hazard criteria; and Communicating hazard information, as well as protective measures, on labels and Safety Data Sheets (SDS). 23 What is it Not & Why GHS? The GHS itself is not a regulation or a standard. However, the requirements of the new Hazard Communication Standard have been updated to be consistent with the provisions of The GHS (effective date: May 2012). The changes to the Hazard Communication Standard were made to be consistent with The GHS with the goal to increase the quality and consistency of information provided to the workers, employers and chemical users and to facilitate international trade in chemicals. 24 8

9 What is Covered? Requires chemical manufacturers of chemicals to classify the hazards of chemicals which they produce; and Requires employers to provide information to their employees about the hazardous chemicals to which they are exposed. This is achieved by means of a hazard communication program, labels and other forms of warning, Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and information and training. 25 What is Exempted? FROM ALL: Non-hazardous chemicals (AP Seal for Non-Toxic) Hazardous Wastes (defined under RCRA) Hazardous Substances (defined under CERCLA) Food, Food Additives, Color Additives, Drugs, Cosmetics, Fragrances, etc (under FDA) Distilled Spirits, Wine or Malt Beverage (under ATF) Consumer Products (under CPSC) Articles (ie.: Manufactured Items/Consumer Goods) Tobacco or Tobacco Products, Wood or Wood Products, Radiation and Biological Hazards. FROM LABELING: Pesticides (already regulated under FIFRA) Chemical Substances or Mixtures (defined under TSCA) 26 Health Hazards Hazard Class Hazard Category Acute Toxicity Skin Corrosion/ Irritation 1A 1B 1C 2 Serious Eye Damage/ Eye Irritation 1 2A 2B Respiratory or Skin Sensitization 1 Germ Cell Mutagenicity 1A 1B 2 Carcinogenicity 1A 1B 2 Reproductive Toxicity 1A 1B 2 Lactation STOT Single Exposure STOT Repeated Exposure 1 2 Aspiration 1 Simple Asphyxiants Single Category 27 9

10 Health Hazard Pictograms Acute Toxicity (Severe) Carcinogen, Respiratory Sensitizer, Reproductive Toxicity, Target Organ Toxicity, Mutagenicity, Aspiration Toxicity Corrosives Irritant, Dermal Sensitizer, Acute Toxicity (Harmful), Respiratory Tract Irritation, Narcotic Effects 28 Physical Hazards Hazard Class Hazard Category Explosives Unstable Explosives Div 1.1 Div 1.2 Div 1.3 Div 1.4 Div 1.5 Div 1.6 Flammable Gases 1 2 Flammable Aerosols 1 2 Oxidizing Gases 1 Gases under Pressure Compressed Gases Liquefied Gases Refrigerated Liquefied Gases Dissolved Gases 1 Flammable Liquids Flammable Solids 1 2 Self-Reactive Chemicals Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G Pyrophoric Liquids 1 Pyrophoric Solid 1 Pyrophoric Gases Single category Self-heating Chemicals 1 2 Chemicals, which in contact with water, emit flammable gases Oxidizing Liquids Oxidizing Solids Organic Peroxides Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G Corrosive to Metals 1 Combustible Dusts Single category 29 Physical Hazard Pictograms Flammables, Self-Reactives, Self- Heating, Pyrophorics, Organic Peroxide & Emits Flammable Gas Explosives, Self-Reactives, Organic Peroxides Oxidizers Gases Under Pressure 30 10

11 Other Pictograms Environmental Toxicity Acute Aquatic Toxicity Chronic Aquatic Toxicity Danger For More Severe Hazards Warning For Less Severe Hazards Caution Least Severe Hazards (Used by EPA) 31 New Sample Label 32 Effective Dates HazCom 2012 Effective Completion Date Requirement(s) Who December 1, 2013 Train employees on the new label elements and Employers SDS format. June 1, 2015* Comply with all modified provisions of this final Chemical rule, except: manufacturers, December 1, 2015 Distributors may ship products labeled by importers, distributors and employers manufacturers under the old system until December 1, June 1, 2016 Update alternative workplace labeling and hazard Employers communication program as necessary, and provide additional employee training for newly identified physical or health hazards. Transition Period Comply with either 29 CFR (this final All chemical standard), or the current standard, or both manufacturers, importers, distributors and employers *This date coincides with the European Union implementation date for classification of mixtures

12 Signage Safety Showers Eye Wash Stations Spill Kits First Aide Equipment Special Hazards Storage Poor Labeling? 12

13 Personal Protective Equipment PPE PPE Standard Eye - safety glasses, goggles Face - face shields Head - hard hats Feet - safety shoes Hands and arms - gloves Bodies - vests Hearing - earplugs, earmuffs Establishing a PPE Program Sets out procedures for selecting, providing and using PPE as part of an employer s routine operation First -- assess the workplace to determine if hazards are present, or are likely to be present, which necessitate the use of PPE Once the proper PPE has been selected, the employer must provide training to each employee who is required to use PPE PPE Standard

14 Training Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following: When PPE is necessary What type of PPE is necessary How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear Limitations of the PPE Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal Respiratory Protection Where Necessary use OSHA Substitution Engineering Controls Voluntary Use Record keeping Exposure Monitoring Medical records 14

15 Ordering Assess Need Procurement Storage, PPE & disposal requirements Smallest quantity needed MSDS Review/update SOPs before use Mark containers with date of arrival Refuse containers that are not adequately labeled Inventory Maintain a list of approved chemicals Chemicals not recommended reviewed by the CHO Distribution Transport Container bucket/container Ammonia Use carts to secure transport of compressed gas cylinders Hazardous materials should not be transported in unregistered vehicles; DOT regulations may apply $ - Waste Disposal - $ Governed by EPA/DNR regulations Rules based on amount generated Type of waste generated Segregate hazardous waste Consolidate multiple containers depending on type of waste generated Containers must be labeled Lab Packs Drain disposal Neutralize local wastewater treatment regulations SAFE DISPOSAL Never combine unless your sure Flinn Disposal Methods 15

16 Safety Equipment Eyewash -double nozzle type recommended 40 feet or 10 seconds travel from any point in the laboratory - normal working conditions An eyewash must be within 25 feet of areas where chemicals with ph <2.0 or > 12.5 are used Fire Extinguisher 1 ABC fire extinguishers within 50 feet from any point in lab D type if metal fire possible Fire Blanket within 50 feet of any place in lab Safety Shower Laboratories using chemicals with ph <4.0 or >9.0 will have a safety shower or drench hose within 100 feet from any point in the lab Smoke Detectors - Ceiling mounted Chemical spill kit - Controlling Exposures-Ventilation Ventilation Local capture at Source / Hoods General - dilution Well designed ventilation systems can eliminate the need for PPE Avoid re-circulation of contained air unless you are sure that it is clean Design HEPA Filtration ALL ventilation systems need to be properly designed, inspected and maintained Fume Hoods Inhalation exposures Protection Not a physical barrier Lab use - Not for industrial types of exposures Proper Function: Do not block air flow into the hood- 2 front clearance 6 back Sash Marked sash/stop alarm Evaluation Installation Annually Change in condition Hoods should not be located where cross drafts are a problem 16

17 FUME HOODS LOCAL EXHAUST VENTILATION shall be used to limit chemical exposure, exhaust should be negative CHECKED ON AN ANNUAL BASIS 100 feet per minute face 18 minimum sash height MUST HAVE DEDICATED EXHAUST TO OUTSIDE SHOULD HAVE AN ALARM ACTIVATED IF FACE VELOCITY DROPS BELOW 100 fpm FUME HOODS ARE NOT TO BE USED AS CHEMICAL STORAGE SASH BLOCKS PRESENT ACTIVE ALARM USED AS CHEMICAL STORAGE 17

18 FUME HOOD - TRANSITE ( ASBESTOS) LINING Inspections Some OSHA standards require periodic inspections Fire extinguishers Fire alarms Safety showers and eye washes PPE Fume hood Good to also inspect Spill kits First aid kits Ventilation systems Fire Blankets Mercury Chemicals not Recommended 18

19 Facility Safety Chemical Storage Spill Cleanup Procedures/Kits Fume Hoods Fire Extinguishers Eye Washes & Safety Showers Compressed Gas Safety Science Classroom Design NFPA has stated that 50 square feet net area occupant load factor is appropriate ( i.e. for a class size of 24, a 1200 square foot laboratory is appropriate) Several states have rules specific to their state ( none for Wisconsin) that limit class size to 24 students in laboratories Prudent Practices suggests 1 fume hood for every 2 workers, but states in academic settings, this is not practical and instruction should be adjusted to accommodate. The IBC has building code requirements for occupancy, ventilation air exchanges, fire ratings, egress, etc. Prior to making any change to existing rooms, an architect should be consulted. Science Room Ventilation Room ventilation versus localized ventilation ( fume hood) Dedicated exhaust system Return air shall not mix with other nonscience rooms General room exhaust 4-12 exchanges per hour 19

20 Storage Segregate storage areas - Label Store as required by OSHA or NFPA regulations Spill kit near storage Inspect area Audit Avoid crowding or storing above eye level or at floor level Provide adequate ventilation of storage rooms/cabinets Store chemicals away from direct sunlight or in area with temperature Chemical Storage Room All chemicals should be kept in secure storage room Limit access to students and other building occupants Storage room ventilation ( 8-12 air exchanges per hour) Chemical Storage Pattern Emergency Contact List, fire extinguishers, SDSs Room Labeling Access to PPE, Spill clean-up 20

21 Storage of Chemicals Secure caps Use chemically resistant drip trays for liquids Shelving Lips - tip Avoid storing chemicals in fume hoods except for those in use Label all containers Use appropriate storage cabinets Chemical Storage Pattern Flinn Sigma CHEMICAL STORAGE PRUDENT PRACTICES. STORE CHEMICALS ACCORDING TO A DESIGNATED SYSTEM THAT SEGREGATES INTO FAMILIES FLAMMABLE / COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OXIDIZERS REACTIVES FLAMMABLE SOLIDS ACIDS ALKALINES POISONS / TOXICS 21

22 Improper Chemical Storage No storage pattern No lips on shelves Chemical in red bag is a flammable chemical Chemicals stored above eye level (top shelf) Proper Chemical Storage 1/4 lips on shelves Bottles color coded to match proper location on shelf (Flinn System) Proper chemical labeling Containers in good condition FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS STORED ON SHELF 22

23 Is this proper or improper chemical storage? Improper Container Defective Container Chemical storage with food 23

24 Emergency Preparedness Emergency Action Plan Consider types of potential emergencies ID resources, equipment, training and people needs for each type of emergency SPILL KITS BASIC KIT CAN BE MADE UP OF: ACID NEUTRALIZING AGENT (SODIUM CARBONATE) ALKALINE NEUTRALIZING AGENT (CITRIC ACID) MERCURY SPILL KIT ABSORBENT MATERIAL VERMICULITE SAND PADS SOCKS NON-METAL DUST PAN HAND BROOM CHEMICAL GOGGLES, Other PPE SPILL CONTROL CENTER 24

25 Unknown Chemical Spill Isolate the area (lock door/barricade). Notify the office staff so that other people in the building can be alerted to the hazard. Shut down HVAC/air handler for the area. Contact supervisor or person in charge of the chemical (i.e.: science, art, or tech ed teacher) for more information. Determine if emergency personnel should be contacted (Fire Dept./Haz. Mat. team) based on potential for the material to be hazardous. 25

26 Requirements for Fire Extinguishers Annual check-up and recharge Monthly visual inspection ( check for present at location, pressurized, no obstructions in hose, seal/pin intact, etc) Properly mounted (secured) handle between 3 6 and 5 from ground Extinguisher Easily Identified type (letter), symbol, cabinet or marked on wall Easily accessible, unobstructed Extinguishers Issues Not properly mounted Not checked monthly Extinguisher Issues Not accessible Easily accessible 26

27 EYEWASH AND SAFETY SHOWER REQUIRED WEEKLY TESTING OF BOTH SHOWER AND EYEWASH SIGN-OFF TAG OR OTHER TYPE OF DOCUMENTATION BOTH EYEWASH AND SHOWER MUST BE HANDS-FREE ONCE ACTIVATED ABLE TO MAINTAIN 0.4 gpm FOR 15 MIN ( PLUMBED) TEPID WATER ADEQUATE SIGNAGE 27

28 COMPRESSED GAS 28

29 Markings or Labels Name of the compressed gas Hazards of the compressed gas National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) labels Department of Transportation (DOT) labels Do not remove any labels Problem? Compressed gas cylinder is not secured Container is in high traffic area High potential for accident ( hidden) Valve cap not on Labels on cylinder not clear 29

30 Old, corroded cylinder that should have been disposed of a long time ago. Cylinder not in use with regulators still On the cylinder Free standing cylinder Free standing cylinder 30

31 WIIFM? 31