Experience with Compilation of National Reports and Lessons-learnt from Joint Convention Review Meetings - The Republic of Korea

Transcription

1 IAEA Regional Meeting on the Joint Convention Experience with Compilation of National Reports and Lessons-learnt from Joint Convention Review Meetings - The Republic of Korea 5 November 2013 Jae Hak Cheong (radwaste@kins.re.kr) Deputy Director Radiation and Waste Safety Division Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety

2 Contents PART I. National Framework and Practices National policy and framework RWM & SFM programs along with inventories Legislative and regulatory system Other General Safety Provisions Overview Matrix Planned Activities to Improve Safety PART II. Experiences and Lessons-learnt History of implementation Framework to implement the JC Steps in implementation and lessons-learnt Benefits identified 2

3 PART I National Framework and Practices 3

4 Form and Structure of the National Report INFCIRC/604/Rev.2 (7 September 2012) National Report JC Articles A Introduction Articles B C Policies & Practices Scope of Application Article 32.1 Article 3 Implementing measures Legislative and regulatory framework Regulatory body D E F G H I J K L Inventories & Lists Legislative & Regulatory System Other General Safety Provisions Safety of SFM Safety of RWM Transboundary Movement Disused Sealed Sources Article 32.2 Article 27 Article 28 Planned Activities to Improve Safety Annexes Articles Responsibility of the licence holder Human and financial resources QA Operational RP Emergency preparedness Decommissioning Articles 4-10, General safety requirements Existing facilities (and past practices) Siting of proposed facilities Design and construction of facilities Assessment of safety of facilities Operation of facilities Disposal of SNF Institutional measures after closure 4

5 National Policy and Framework Atomic Energy Promotion Committee AEPC Deliberation & resolution RWM Policy-making process Basic Plan on RWM Former RWM Measures National Policy & Basic Plan MOTIE Approval Enforcement Plan on RWM Proposal Implementation KORAD Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy Korea Radioactive Waste Agency 5

6 National Policy and Framework Major decisions by the AEC/AEPC (1) LILW Disposal Repository is to be constructed by th AEC Meeting (Sep. 30, 1998) RWM Measures (approved) <Basic Principles> SF Management Interim storage is to be constructed by Top priority on safety Direct control by the Government Minimization of RW generation Polluter pays principle Transparent site selection process LILW Disposal Repository is to be constructed by The WLDC is now under construction. 253 rd AEC Meeting (Dec. 17, 2004) RWM Measures (approved) SF Management Measures for SFM including interim storage to be determined in a timely manner through national consensus by public consultation among stakeholders 6

7 National Policy and Framework Major decisions by the AEC/AEPC (2) LILW Disposal MKE reported the status of construction of the WLDC. D&D Undeveloped D&D technology is to be developed by th AEC Meeting (March 30, 2009) RWM Measures (reported) 2 nd AEPC Meeting (Nov. 20, 2012) R&D Plan for D&D; SFM Measures (approved) SF Management MKE reported the publicizing plan for SFM. SF Management Public Debate Committee is to be established and operated in the 1 st half of

8 National Policy and Framework Governmental and Institutional framework Implementer & Promoter AEPC MOTIE (Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy) Vice Minister for Trade & Energy Office of Energy & Resources Nuclear Power Industry Division Nuclear Plant Export Promotion Division Nuclear Power and Environment Division Prime Minister MISP (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning) Vice Minister 1 Office of Future Leading R&D Policy Space &Nuclear Policy Bureau Nuclear Technology Division Space & Nuclear Cooperation Division PRESIDENT NSSC (Nuclear Safety and Security Commission) Chairman & Chief Regulatory Officer Standing Member (Secretary General) Radiation & Emergency Bureau Radiation Safety Division Non-Executive Commissioners (7 members) Resident Officer Regulator Advisory Committee Korea Hydro and Nuclear Power Co., Ltd. (KHNP) Korea Radioactive Waste Agency (KORAD) Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS) Korea Institute of Nuclear Nonproliferation And Control (KINAC) NPP operator RWM business operator 8

9 RWM & SFM programs along with inventories Framework of radioactive waste management Nuclear Power Reactors (KHNP) On-site Storage (10) Most RI Users Commercial Fuel Fabrication Plant (KNF) (Hospitals, Industries, etc.) Centralized Storage (1) RI Waste Management Facility (KORAD) On-site Storage (2) On-site Storage (1) Research Complex (KAERI) (HANARO, PIEF, Fuel Fabrication Plant) On-site Storage On-site Storage (2) End Point LILW Repository (KORAD) Under Construction KRR1 and 2 Under Decommissioning 9

10 RWM & SFM programs along with inventories Inventory of LILW (June 2013) Total : 132,542.7 Drums NPPs + Repository : 94,298.2 Drums (71%) Others : 38,244.5 Drums (29%) Seoul 699 Drums (1%) Daejeon 30,326.5 Drums (23%) Hanbit (Younggwang) 22,172 Drums (17%) Hanul (Uljin) 16,575 Drums (13%) Wolsong 13,729.2 Drums (10%) Kori 41,822 Drums (32%) Non-nuclear applications 7,183 Drums (5%) * 1 Drum = One 200L-Drum Equivalent 10

11 RWM & SFM programs along with inventories LILW CUBE (June 2013) 8.13 cm 2.90 cm 0.85 cm Total LILW Inventory (per capita) LILW generated from life cycle of a reactor (per capita) LILW generated from 1 reactor-year (per capita) * Estimated based upon a set of assumptions 11

12 RWM & SFM programs along with inventories Framework of Spent Fuel management SFP (4) Dry Storage Interim Storage (TBD) End Point (TBD) Power Reactors PHWRs (4) PWRs (19) SFP (19) AFR-OS or AFR-RS Deep Geological Repository Post Irradiation Examination Facility PIEF Hot Cell LILW Interim Storage to be managed depending on the characteristics of waste streams Research Reactors Educational Reactor HANARO KRR 1 and 2 AGN-201 to be determined transported to the United States (1998) to be determined 12

13 RWM & SFM programs along with inventories Inventory of SNF (June 2013) Total : 12, MTU NPPs : 12, MTU (99.97%) Others : 4.1 MTU (0.003%) Hanbit (Younggwang) 2, MTU (17%) Daejeon 4.1 MTU (0.003%) Hanul (Uljin) 1, MTU (14%) Wolsong 7,005.4 MTU (54%) Kori 2, MTU (16%) 13

14 RWM & SFM programs along with inventories SNF CUBE (June 2013) PWR (1,000 MWe, 40 y) PHWR (700 MWe, 40 y) 262g 15g SNF generated from life cycle of a reactor (per capita) 77g Total SNF Inventory (per capita) 0.38g SNF generated from 1 reactor-year (per capita) 1.92g * Estimated based upon a set of assumptions 14

15 RWM & SFM programs along with inventories WAste Comprehensive Information Database (WACID) 15

16 Legislative and Regulatory System RWM Planning and business management Radioactive Waste Management Act (RWMA) Regulations Radiological safety and security Overall legislative framework Nuclear Safety Act (NSA) Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency Act on Protective Action Guidelines against Radiation in the Natural Environment Regulations Other aspects Act on Assessment of Impacts on Environ., Traffic, Disasters, etc. Framework Act on Fire Services Industrial Safety and Health Act, Building Act, etc. 16

17 Legislative and Regulatory System NSA and subsequent regulations NSA Nuclear Safety Act (NSA) : Basic and fundamental matters Enforcement Decree of the NSA Enforcement Regulations 1) of the NSA 2) Reactor Facilities Tech. Stds. 3) Radiation Safety Tech. Stds. Notices of the NSSC KINS Regulatory Guides Industrial Codes and Standards (ISO, KS, KEPIC, ASME, ACI, etc.) Provisions entrusted by the NSA such as licensing procedures Detailed licensing procedures, standard format of document, etc. Basic technical standards Detailed technical standards Regulatory guides, acceptance criteria, review process, etc. International/domestic standards accepted by the regulatory body 17

18 Legislative and Regulatory System Lifecycle regulatory control on RM/RW Sources Authorized Discharge Conditional Clearance Disposal Exclusion No Amenable to Control? Yes Yes Meeting Discharge Limit? Yes Trivial under conditions? No Unconditional Exemption Yes Trivial in all conditions? No Regulatory Control No Trivial in all conditions? Conditional Exemption Yes Trivial under conditions? No Licensed practices Yes Unconditional Clearance 18

19 Legislative and Regulatory System Current RW classification system Heat generation rate (LILW-SL) High level waste (HLW) 2 kw/m 3 to be disposed of at the Wolsong LILW Disposal Center (WLDC) (LILW-LL) Candidate for clearance 4,000 Bq/g Radioactivity concentration of a-emitting RN with HL longer than 20 y 19

20 Legislative and Regulatory System Siting Design or Stepwise licensing system LILW repository Phase 0 Review Phase 1 Review Phase 2 Construction Phase 3 Operation Phase 4 Closure/Institutional Control Phase 5 Post Institutional Control Period Permit Application Regulatory Review Construction Pre-Op. Inspection Operation Submission of Notification of Institutional Control Plan Commencement of Operation Issuance of License Notification of Inspection Results Notification of Commencement of Construction Renewal of Safety Analysis Re-assessment of Safety Review Disposal Inspection Regular Inspection Institutional Control Closure Resident Inspection, QA Inspection Submission of Report for Termination of Control Review Termination of Control 20

21 Other General Safety Provisions Radiological dose limits and criteria Dose limitations Effective dose Equivalent dose lens of the eye skin, feet, and hands Target Radiation worker Public Avg. 20 msv/y Max. 50 msv/y 150 msv/y 500 msv/y 1 msv/y 15 msv/y 50 msv/y Dose constraints for nuclear facilities in operation Facility Liquid effluent Gaseous effluent Effective dose (0.03 msv/y) Equivalent dose (0.1 msv/y) Gamma/beta air dose (0.1, 0.2 mgy/y) Effective dose, external (0.05 msv/y) Skin equivalent dose, external (0.15 msv/y) Equivalent dose from particulates (0.15 msv/y) Site Effective dose (0.25 msv/y) Thyroid equivalent dose (0.75 msv/y) Effluent Control Limit (ECL) for Discharge Clearance standards Dose criteria Clearance levels 0.01 msv/y and 1 person-sv/y 100 Bq/g for specified short-lived RNs (Type A waste) Case-specific Calculations (Type B waste) 21

22 Other General Safety Provisions Radiological criteria for LILW disposal Operation Post-closure Phase Common Dose Limit (Enforcement Decree of the NSA) Effective Dose Equivalent Dose Always applicable Requirements Radiation Protection Standards (NSSC Notice) Facility Liquid Effluent Gaseous Effluent Site All pathways Effluent Control Limit for discharge Applicable to operational phase Verified at design and operational phases Under the situation of partial closure of disposal units, applicable to the institutional control period too Specific Requirements for the LILW Disposal Radiological Protection Criteria (NSSC Notice) Natural phenomena (0.1 msv/y) Unexpected disruptive events (10-6 /y) Human intrusion (1 msv/y) Applicable to postclosure phase Verified at design and operational phases prior to closure 22

23 Other General Safety Provisions Funding system for D&D, RWM, SFM, etc. KHNP Decommissioning SNF Annually reserved Deposit (at the time of generation) KAERI KNF Others LILW Decommissioning SNF LILW LILW Quarterly reserved Decommissioning Decommissioning LILW The Government bears all costs. Independent Financial Account Annually accumulated See Note 2. Management Fee (See Note 1.) KORAD Deposit RWM Fund MOTIE Note 1 Management Fee of the LILW consists of relevant costs for treatment (only for RI waste), and construction, operation, closure and institutional control of the repository. Note 2 All licensees who has discontinued his business shall take appropriate measures including decommissioning in accordance with Article 95 of the NSA. If the licensee fails to take the above measure, the NSSC may take necessary measures and then have the licensee bear the expenses for the measures. 23

24 Overview Matrix National RWM/SFM program at a glance Type of Liability Long Term Management Policy Funding Current Practice/ Facilities Planned Facilities Spent Fuel To be decided through public consultation Various R&D programs Annual deposit to RWM Fund since 1983 On-site storage To be decided through public consultation NFC Waste Application Waste To be disposed of at the WLDC To be disposed of at the WLDC RWM fee is deposited to Fund Separated financial account (KAERI) On-site storage The WLDC is to start it operation in 2014 On-site storage and Centralized interim storage Decomm. Liabilities D&D technology is to be developed by Reserved by the KHNP since 1983 The Government pays for national research facilities. KRR Units 1 and 2 have been dismantled. On-site storage of D&D waste KRR Unit 1&2 is to be released by No D&D schedule for a specific NPP DSS Short-lived DSS is to be disposed of at the WLDC, and long-lived DSS is to be stored for decay. RWM fee is deposited to Fund Centralized interim storage Management options for longlived DSS has been studied. 24

25 Planned Activities to Improve Safety Improvement of RW categorization (draft) High -Level Waste Intermediate -Level Waste > 2 kw/m 3 & > 4,000 Bq/g (long-lived alpha emitters) > Acceptance Criteria of KORAD Low-Level Waste > 100 times of Clearance Level Very Low-Level Waste > Clearance Level Clearance Waste 25

26 PART II Experiences and Lessons-learnt 26

27 History of Implementation Entered into force (15 Dec.) 2 nd OM (7 to 8 Nov.) 4 Delegates 3 rd OM (13 to 14 Oct.) 4 Delegates NR ê Q A ê ê st OM (7 to 11 April) 4 Delegates NR ê Q A ê ê 1 st RM (3 to 14 Nov.) 12 Delegates (CG Chair) NR ê Q A ê ê 2 nd RM (15 to 24 May) 12 Delegates (RM Vice-President) rd RM (11 to 20 May) 11 Delegates Overview 4th OM (10 to 12 May) 6 Delegates NR ê Q A ê ê th RM (14 to 23 May) 20 Delegates 27

28 History of Implementation 1997 to 2003 Initial round 29 September 1997: Signed the JC 16 September 2002: Ratified the JC 12 December 2002: Published in the Official Gazette 15 December 2002: Entered into force First round 7 to 11 April 2003: 1 st Organizational Meeting (OM) 5 May 2003: Submitted the 1 st National Report (NR) 3 September 2003: Sent 122 questions to 23 CPs 24 October 2004: Answered 105 questions from 14 CPs 3 to 14 November 2003: 1 st Review Meeting (RM) served as a Chairperson of Country Group 3 28

29 History of Implementation Second round 15 October 2005: Submitted the 2 nd NR 7 to 8 November 2005: 2 nd OM 15 February 2006: Sent 137 questions to 21 CPs 15 April 2006: Answered 104 questions from 12 CPs 15 to 24 May 2006: 2 nd RM served as a Vice-President of the RM Third round 8 October 2008: Submitted the 3 rd NR 13 to 14 November 2008: 3 rd OM 11 February 2009: Sent 102 questions to 27 CPs 10 April 2009: Answered 98 questions from 15 CPs 11 to 20 May 2009: 3 rd RM 2005 to

30 History of Implementation 2011 to 2015 Fourth round 10 to 12 May 2011 : 4 th OM 14 October 2011: Submitted the 4 th NR 14 February 2012 : Sent 118 questions to 28 CPs 14 April 2012 : Answered 102 questions from 15 CPs 14 to 23 May 2012 : 4 th RM served as a President of the RM and as a Rapporteur of Country Group 1 Fifth round (scheduled) 12 to 12 May 2014 : 5 th OM 10 October 2014: to submit the 5 th NR 10 February 2015 : to send questions to CPs 10 April 2015 : to answer questions from CPs 11 to 20 May 2015 : 5 th RM 30

31 History of Implementation Evolution of National Reports 134 pages 182 pages 172 pages 224 pages 31

32 Framework to Implement the JC Scope Effectiveness of the national RWM framework/regulations in line with the IAEA s Safety Standards Compliance of the performance with the safety measures of the JC Initial Phase Self assessment on the performance of existing facilities (2001) Each Round of Review Process Periodic self assessment : in the review process of the JC Ad-hoc self assessment On-going self assessment Study for Improving RW Classification System by Risk-based Graded Approach (2011~2012) Research on the Improvement of the Safety Regulation System for the RW (2013) 32

33 Framework to Implement the JC Structure of the JC Joint Task Force IAEA NSSC MOFA, MOTIE, etc. Advisory Committee High-level Experts (WASSC member, etc.) Implementation Team Working-level Experts from KHNP, KAERI, KNF, KOPEC E&C, KRIA, etc. TF Leader Director, Radiation Safety Division (NSSC) TF Members Representatives from KHNP, KAERI, KNF, KOPEC E&C, KRIA, etc. Secretariat Gov. Officer (NSSC) Department Head (KINS) Inventory, Operational Performance, etc. WACID Verification Analysis Coordination Working Groups Policy/ Framework LILW SF Decom. Info. Supporting Team Staff in charge of RW/SF safety information Transport RP QA DSS Emergency 33

34 Steps in Implementation and Lessons-learned Time chart D-12M D-3M D-2W D-0 Organizational Meeting Submission of Questions and Comments Notification of Participation in Country Groups Review Meeting D-7M Submission of National Report D-1M Submission of Answers + Compilation of Q&A D-2D Officers Meeting from Guidelines regarding the Review Process, INFCIRC/603/Rev.5 (7 September 2012) 34

35 Steps in Implementation and Lessons-learned Preparation of the NR Process and practices Self assessment for the past three years Drafted by the Implementation Team Each section is assigned to each Working Group Peer-reviewed by external experts, reviewed by the JC TF, and then deliberated by or reported to the NSSC, if necessary Lessons-learned Referring to Guidelines regarding the Form and Structure of National Reports (INFCIRC/604/Rev.2) Cooperation and resolving disagreements among multi-institutional team members In line with Annual Report on RWM and SFM and WACID Highlighting revised and added parts in bold and italics 35

36 Steps in Implementation and Lessons-learnt Review of other CPs NRs Process and practices Reviewing the compliance and being informed of other CPs practices Categorization of the NRs and review areas NRs of the CPs in the same CG or strategically selected NRs of the new CPs and others Lessons-learned Facilitating discussions at the CG session in the forthcoming RM Strategic analysis of international trends and good practices Making use of the Overview Matrix Precluding duplicated questions and/or comments Maintaining the records of past Q&A 36

37 Steps in Implementation and Lessons-learnt Answer to questions and comments Process and practices Self-assessment of the issues raised by other CPs Categorization of the Q&Cs Article/Section in the NR, importance, technical area, etc. Lessons-learned Facilitating discussions at the CG session in the forthcoming RM Compiling and highlighting major issues raised by CPs in the presentation materials Clues to clarify and revise the next NR Cooperation and consultation with the staff involved in the past review process Valuable information in other CPs Q&A 37

38 Steps in Implementation and Lessons-learned Participation in OM and RM Process and practices Nominating delegates mainly from the multi-institutional team members in the JC TF, led by the Government Officer Allocation of the role of each delegate Lessons-learned Referring to Rules of Procedure and Financial Rules (INFCIRC/602/ Rev.4) and Guidelines regarding the Review Process (INFCIRC/603/ Rev.5) Being familiar in advance with main issues of other CPs in the same CG by studying NRs, Q&A, etc. Possible contribution to the JC by serving as officers 38

39 Steps in Implementation and Lessons-learned Feedback of RM Process and practices In-depth analysis of the result of the RM and planning further activities to improve safety Good practices and challenges Publication of the Implementation Report of the JC Obligations Process, output, outcome, recommendations, etc. Lessons-learned Good cycle to improve the safety of RWM and SFM Establishing knowledge management and transfer framework for the next JC TF (e.g. JC Workpackage) 39

40 Steps in Implementation and Lessons-learned 5th-term Implementation Program Publication of the Annual Report AR AR AR Implementation of the JC RM OM Preparation of the NR NR Q A RM 3-year good cycle Strategic feedback Analysis Policy Research Improvement of the Safety Regulation System for the RW Implementation Regulations on RW/SF Management Facilities/Activities 40

41 Benefits Identified. Good cycle to verify the effectiveness of national framework and performance toward sustainable and safe management of RW and SF Identifying and acting on challenges Good chance to be informed of the latest international trends and good practices in RWM and SFM Providing input to the National RWM planning Contribution to promote the public confidence in RWM and SFM Contribution to promote the global nuclear safety regime, in the fileds of RWM and SFM 41

42 Personal Experiences. 42

43 Thanks for your attention! 43