Managing Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) in. The Development of the Course, Content and Scholarly Setup

Transcription

1 Managing Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS) in Refrigeration g and Air-Conditioningg Sector The Development of the Course, Content and Scholarly Setup 1

2 Outline: Ou e: 1.Course Objectives 2 History of the Course Offering Is it Necessary to Update the Course Material? 4. Modules 5. Changes from Previous Offerings 6. Up-to-date Resources and References 2

3 1. Course Objectives: Create awareness regarding environmental concerns related to selected Multilateral Environmental Agreements, in general, and Montreal Protocol in particular. Develop in students skills in evaluating the impacts of ODS alternatives on systems performance. Introduce the main standards concerning refrigerant safety Expose students to good practices in safely handling and managing ODS. Introduce students to the containment process and its impacts. Who are the target audience for the course? Technical elective to senior engineering students in universities. 3

4 Historyy of the Course Offering: g - Offered at the American University of Beirut - Dr. Fadl Moukalled, - Offered four times at Kuwait University - Dr. Walid Chakroun. Is it Necessary to Update the Course Material? 1. The material content became obsolete with the changes g in refrigerant g types yp that aim not only to prevent ozone depletion but also to reduce global warming potential. Many developments have taken place at fast pace while such developments have not been integrated in engineering curricula at universities. AUB is leading the process of revising and updating of the course New course content New case studies More practical applications. 4

5 4. Title of the Modules Module 1: Air Conditioning Industry, Evolution of Refrigerants & Environmental Impacts Module 2: Alternative Refrigerants for Different Sectors & Lubricants M d l 3: Module 3 Containment C t i t off Refrigerants, R fi t Service S i & Maintenance M i t off Ai Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems Module 4: Safe Use & Handling of Refrigerants Module 5: Related Standards and Codes of Systems and Substances 5

6 4. Content of the Modules 6

7 Module 1: Air Conditioning Industry, Evolution of Refrigerants & Environmental Impacts p Contents: (1/2) 1. Introduction Air conditioning Industry: History and Timeline Basics of Vapor Compression Cycle a. Components and Types of Compressors 4. Refrigerants: a. Definition D fi iti b. Evolution and History c Refrigerants Generations c. d. Characteristics, Selection and Effect of Refrigerants e. C Classification ass cat o f. Designation g. Blends 7

8 Module 1: Air Conditioning Industry, Evolution of Refrigerants & Environmental Impacts Contents: (2/2) 5. Environmentally Harmful Practices 6 6. S Structure off the h A Atmosphere h (O (Ozone L Layering) i ) 7. ODS and Applications 8 8. Montreal Protocol and Banning Treaties 9. Global Warming aa. Definition b. Effects c. Suggested Solutions 10. Ozone Depletion p a. Definition b. Effects c Suggested Solutions c. 11. Introduction to UNEP 1 Current Situation 8

9 Activities 1. Students are asked to write a 2-page report explaining more about the history of th air i conditioning diti i system. t the Students are asked to write a conclusion comparing the different protocols and conventions, showing the most effective ones, and ending with the current global situation in regards of ODS use. Students are required to work in pairs and prepare a poster illustrating the causes and consequences of the global warming and the ozone depletion and the relation between each other s - Poster and presentation will be ranked and a winner is selected A hands-on-work hands on work is included in the course course, so that students are divided into groups of 4 members and asked to: a. bring an actual old air conditioner and disassemble it b. draw the actual air conditioning cycle c. bring an operating manual of any brand for air conditioners, get the operating temperat res and pressure temperatures press re and deduce ded ce the COP of the air conditioner 9

10 Module 2:Alternative Refrigerants for Different Sectors & Lubricant Contents: 1. Introduction 2 Types of Refrigeration Systems Alternative Technology 4. Substitutes and Properties p 5. Retrofitting: Options for Existing Systems 6. Lubrication 7. Selection and Requirements 8. Oil Lubricant Properties 9. Oil Lubricant Categories 10. Mineral Composition 11. Compatibility and Applications 1 Synthetic Lubricants 10

11 Activities 1. Students are asked to calculate the mass of air circulated, compressor work, expander work, cycle work and COP and power required for an air refrigeration open system. Students are required to prepare a report that compares the different types of refrigeration g systems, y, takingg into consideration the types yp of refrigerants g used in each. Students are required to draw a specified refrigeration cycle on a p-h diagram, read out from the diagram the specific volume and specific enthalpies and prepare a report that shows the solution steps. 4. Students are asked to design the most suitable air-conditioning supply system f the for h offices, ffi stores and d workshop k h for f a factory f building b ildi located l d in i different diff cities. 5. p the p performance of stand alone system y and a Students are asked to compare split unit air conditioning system, by using two different types of refrigerants. 11

12 Module 3:Containment of Refrigerants, Service & Maintenance of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Systems Contents: 1. Introduction and Definition of Containment Methods and Design Recovery, Recycling and Reclamation (RRR) 4. Equipment & Design 5. Methods of Servicing a. Avoiding Contaminants b. Evacuation c. Purging i d. Leak Detection e. Charging g g f. Retrofitting 6. Safety Guidelines 7 7. S stem Maintenance System 12

13 Activities 1 1. St d t are required i d to t write rite a 2-page 2 page report explaining e plaining the types t pes of Students contaminants while taking into consideration their effects on the performance of the system when they exist. Students are required to bring an actual old air conditioner split unit and in the presence of a technician, use different leak detection instruments to detect if there is any leakage in the system used and documenting the results i a report. in t A hands-on-activity where a group of 4 members is required to bring an actual old air conditioner split unit and according to its operating manual, charge h the h system with i h the h refrigerant, fi andd then h discharge di h i again it i in i the h presence of a technician, and prepare a report associated with a video while performing the 2 processes explaining the steps done. 13

14 Module 4: Safe Use & Handling of Refrigerants Contents: 1 1. Introduction Refrigerant Management Plans (RMPs) Implementation and Impact of RMPs 4. Disposal Needs in A5 Countries 5. Patterns and Options of Disposal Needs 6. Safe Use of Refrigerants 7. Handling of Refrigerants 14

15 Activities 1. Students are asked to research p past,, recent regional and international g workshops and design a workshop for ODS Import/Export Regulations with explaining the methodology along with the information and activities covered in each phase. Two students are asked to prepare a number of case studies that adopted the use of refrigerants within their products and compare between them. Student are required to design a workshop and repair area for small-scale production, service and maintenance department where a safe working environment should be taken into consideration. consideration 4. A field trip will be carried out to an Air Conditioning leading company. The student is asked to prepare a report about the process followed by the manufacturing and assembly line, in addition to the safe handling observed for the refrigerants. 15

16 Module 5: Related Standards and Codes of Systems and Substances OUTLINE 1. Introduction to Standards and Benefits 2 Development of Standards Main Standardization Organizations 4. Main Standards 5. Remarks 16

17 Activities 1. Students are asked to find out the different methods of measuring the sound levels of the HVAC equipment and measure different HVAC equipment present around you sound levels and report them according to the AHRI 220 standard. Find out the chemical formula of different refrigerants based on ASHRAE Standard The student Th d is i required i d to prepare a report introducing i d i other h national i l standardization bodies than the ones mentioned in the lecture. Also, a comparison of the national standards should be made, explaining where they meet and where they don don tt. 4. Finally, at the end of this module, the student should prepare a power point presentation on their regional/national standards. 17

18 5. Changes From Previous Offerings 1. What has changed upon the review of the material is phasing out of all CFCs, and HCFCs. 2 The Montreal protocol phase out schedule has been updated and replaced by the accelerated one. The types of refrigerating systems used have been update and described in details, i and d more talk lk more about b maintenance i off refrigerating f i i systems was included. 4. The Refrigerant g Management g Plans ((RMPs)) have been discussed in details in addition to their effects. 5. The safety and flammability table for refrigerants has been replaced by a new one to include the A2L safety group. group 6. More illustrative visuals and pop up question have been added to raise the interest of the student in the course material. 18

19 6. Up-to-date Resources and References The most recent resources and references have been used during the review process of th course. Some S th up to t date d t resources are: the off the UNEP Resources: RTOC Assessment for off the A t Report R t (2014): (2014) mainly i l usedd as a reference f f the th types t th refrigerating systems. International Standards in Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning by UNEP National Training on Good Practices in Refrigeration Report of the Technology And Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP-May 2013) Manual for Refrigeration Servicing Technicians Good Servicing Practices Manual: Phasing out HCFCs in the Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Servicing Sector ASHRAE Resources: The latest ASHRAE standards have been bought and used as the reference in the last module, so that the standards are explained in details with the relevant tables and illustrations, in addition to recent presentations by ASHRAE fellows 19

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