UNH STORMWATER CENTER EFFECTIVE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Lamprey River Symposium January 16, 2009

Transcription

1 UNH STORMWATER CENTER EFFECTIVE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Lamprey River Symposium January 16, 2009 James Houle, CPSWQ, Robert Roseen, PE, PhD, Thomas Ballestero, PE, PhD, PH, CGWP, PG, Alison Watts, PhD, Tim Puls Environmental Research Group, Department of Civil Engineering University of New Hampshire Mill Pond Rd after dam failure at Nottingham Lake, 4/18/2007

2 Gregg Hall 35 Colovos Road Durham, New Hampshire Dedicated to the protection of water resources through effective stormwater management Research and development of stormwater treatment systems To provide resources to stormwater communities currently involved in design and implementation of Phase II requirements

3 Annual Reports Outreach Materials Web Resources Fact Sheets Journal Articles or just google UNHSC Design Drawings Design Specifications

4 Impacts of Imperviousness

5 Sediment Data (TS, TSS, VSS) 100 Effluent Concentration Wet Dry Swale No Treatment Influent Concentration

6 Hydrodynamic Separator Isolator Row Subsurface Infiltration Filter Unit Porous Asphalt Pervious Concrete Retention Pond Stone Swale Veg Swale Gravel Wetland Sand Filter Bioretention Unit Tree Filter

7 The Anatomy of a Box and Whisker Max 250 TSS (mg/l % 50 0 Influent Min 50% 25% Max Min Effluent 25% 75% 50%

8 TSS Event Mean Concentrations (mg/l) TSS Event Mean Concentrations INF Conventional Systems Manufactured Systems LID Systems Influent Retention Pond Rock-lined Swale Vegetated Swale Berm Swale HDS Average (3) Aqua Filter Isolator Chamber Sub Storage/Filt Gravel Wetland Porous Asphalt Bio I Bio II Tree Filter Sand Filter Median Annual Influent 80% Annual Removal

9 TPH-D Event Mean Concentrations (ug/l) TPH Event Mean Concentrations 0 INF Conventional Systems Manufactured Systems LID Systems Influent Retention Pond Rock-lined Swale Vegetated Swale Berm Swale HDS Average (3) Aqua Filter Isolator Chamber Sub Storage/Filt Gravel Wetland Porous Asphalt Bio I Bio II Tree Filter Sand Filter Median Annual Influent 80% Annual Removal

10 TZn Event Mean Concentrations (mg/l) TZn Event Mean Concentrations INF Conventional Systems Manufactured Systems LID Systems Influent Retention Pond Rock-lined Swale Vegetated Swale Berm Swale HDS Average (3) Aqua Filter Isolator Chamber Sub Storage/Filt Gravel Wetland Porous Asphalt Bio I Bio II Tree Filter Sand Filter Median Annual Influent 80% Annual Removal

11 TP Event Mean Concentrations (mg/l) TP Event Mean Concentrations INF Conventional Systems Manufactured Systems LID Systems Influent Retention Pond Vegetated Swale Berm Swale HDS Average (3) Aqua Filter Isolator Chamber Sub Storage/Filt Gravel Wetland Porous Asphalt Bio II Tree Filter Sand Filter Median Annual Influent 60% Annual Removal

12 DIN Event Mean Concentrations (mg/l) DIN Event Mean Concentrations INF Conventional Systems Manufactured Systems LID Systems Influent Retention Pond Rock-lined Swale Vegetated Swale Berm Swale HDS Average (3) Aqua Filter Isolator Chamber Sub Storage/Filt Gravel Wetland Porous Asphalt Bio I Bio II Tree Filter Sand Filter Median Annual Influent 40% Annual Removal

13 MTEC ME So What Really Bugs You? MPAC MPAC

14 Bacterial Concentrations Maximum Enterococci (cfu/100ml) % Regulatory limit=103 cfu/100ml 72 Median 44 25% 4 4 Minimum 1 INF SF WDP BA GW RLS Key

15 Seasonal Variations in Performance Gravel Vegetated Swale 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Settling Velocity [cm/s] TSS TPH-D DIN Zn TP % 90% 80% 70% T = 30 C FreshWater Summer 60% Winter 50% T = 0 C Hi [Cl] Stormwater Annual 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Bioretention II 80% 70% Summer 60% 0 50 Winter 50% 100 Annual 40% % Particle Diam eter 20% [m icrons] TSS TPH-D DIN Zn TP 100% 90% 10% 0% TSS TPH-D DIN Zn TP The effect of T and [Cl - ] is to nearly double the settling time Retention Pond from 1.6 to 3.4 cm/sec TSS TPH-D DIN Zn TP Summer Winter Annual Summer Winter Annual

16 Chloride There are now multiple chloride TMDLs in the country There are 4 proposed chloride TMDLs in NH Chloride is toxic to aquatic life No BMP targets removal

17 Chloride Levels in First Order Receiving Stream (Durham, NH) Acute Chronic

18 Where should reductions occur? Sources of Salt Loading From Vehicular Surface Deicing (Rockingham County, NH) (NHDES 2007) 3% 27% Parking Lots Private Roads 9% Municipal Roads State Roads Other 50% 11%

19 Salt Reduction and Porous Asphalt Weighted Skid % Ice Resistance Cover (BPN) Skid Resistance (BPN) % Ice Cover Dense Mix Asphalt Porous Dense Asphalt Mix Asphalt Porous Asphalt % Salt Application

20 100% Removal??? There are no silver bullets Designs should be based on regional watershed and water quality objectives. (think locally act locally!) We are moving beyond 80% TSS removal: Nutrients, PSD, effluent concentrations

21 Emerging Research Activities

22 Samples from 1 st storm after sealcoat was applied. EPA Surface Water Quality Criteria for total PAHs = 300ug/l 5,890 μg/l 642 μg/l 4.39 μg/l

23 Total PAH (mg/kg) in surface sediments Pre sealant - Oct months after sealant - June 2008 Aquatic Effects Range Low = 4 mg/kg Oct June Aquatic Effects Range Median = 44.7 mg/kg 4% of watershed sealcoated

24 Other Issues Clogging of filter media? Tremendous implications for subsurface infiltration!

25 Summary Conclusions While concerns exist for LID in cold climates, seasonal variations are observed for conventional BMPs and Manufactured systems Infiltration and filtration systems have the highest removal efficiency The standard of practice is moderate at best, and low especially for stone lined swales Systems dependent on particle settling show the greatest affect by season and temperature variability. Bacterial concentrations are only reduced significantly by LID systems and subsurface infiltration

26 Funding Funding is provided by the Cooperative Institute for Coastal and Estuarine Environmental Technology (CICEET) whose mission is to support the scientific development of innovative technologies for understanding and reversing the impacts of coastal and estuarine contamination and degradation.

27 Questions?