End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170

Transcription

1 End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 Program Description Program Overview The electricity industry faces growing power demand coupled with the need to emit less carbon. One of the key contributors to meet this challenge is more efficient use of energy. This program furthers applied research in efficient energy utilization through the assessment, testing, and field demonstration of advanced energy-efficient technologies and integrated demand response systems and the development of robust analytical frameworks to appropriately value their economic, environmental, and societal impact. Research Value Robust research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) on advanced end-use technologies that enable and enhance energy efficiency, which is at the forefront of the nation s plan for energy independence and sustainability Robust RD&D on advanced technologies and tools that enable demand response (DR), which can provide relief for the nation s electricity grid while enhancing customer choice Collaboration with equipment vendors to improve performance and reduce costs of energy-efficient equipment and demand response systems through assessment, lab testing, and field demonstrations Development of analytical frameworks to value the economic and environmental benefits and costs of energy efficiency and demand response to utilities, customers, and society Development and refinement of an industry-standard modeling approach to quantify the impact of energy efficiency on reducing carbon emissions, to inform utilities, policymakers, and regulators Reliable, comprehensive, easily accessible data on the nature of plug loads, which constitute the least understood and fastest growing segment of electricity consumption Easily understandable, concise, and technically accurate information and tools on existing and emerging energy efficiency and DR technologies for utility account representatives and their customers Development of a national energy efficiency potential study, released in January 2009, estimating the economic, maximum achievable, and realistic achievable potentials for energy efficiency and peak demand reduction in the United States through 2030 Published public version of a guidebook on energy efficiency in commercial buildings for members to cobrand and share with their end-use customers Large-scale multi-year field deployment of advanced energy-efficient technologies in 2009 Knowledge transfer through topical webcasts provided throughout the year Collaboration with manufacturers to develop and demonstrate numerous energy-efficient technologies Development of a modeling approach to quantify marginal carbon offsets of key energy-efficient technologies Creation of a commercial and industrial efficiency technology database, web-based strategic intelligence updates, technology transfer expertise and data from Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) experts, and transfer kits such as customized technology updates, industry guidebooks, and online delivery mechanisms p. 1

2 Accomplishments Risk Mitigation and Avoided Costs Assessment, testing, and demonstration of energy-efficient technologies to determine efficacy prior to deployments in utility pilots or programs Assessment, testing, and demonstration of demand-response-enabling technology to determine efficacy and interoperability prior to deployments in utility pilots or programs Synthesis of research on customer response to feedback to provide predictive insight on expected savings in particular circumstances Input into Standards Development Use case functional specifications of demand-response-ready end-use devices through a multidisciplinary process involving utilities, equipment manufacturers, public agencies, and other industry stakeholders Regulatory Compliance Establishment of national and regional benchmarks for energy efficiency and peak-demand reduction potential to inform discussions of state energy efficiency targets between members, policymakers, and other stakeholders Analysis and recommendations for standardized measurement and verification (M&V) protocols for energy efficiency and demand response programs that can improve the cost-effectiveness of program M&V and reduce the ambiguity of impact attribution Current Year Activities Expand the scope and breath of activities of the Living Lab to keep pace with the introduction of new devices and members need to understand how they work and characterize them in business cases Extend behavior research to better characterize drivers for customer adoption of energy efficiency (EE) and DR measures and response to energy-use feedback Develop methods for characterizing changes in household end use of electricity in a timely and costeffective way Strategic technology briefs, industry briefs, workshops, and other practical knowledge transfer tools for members Estimated 2011 Program Funding $4.2M Program Manager Omar Siddiqui, , osiddiqui@epri.com End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 2

3 PS170A Analytical Frameworks (65578) Summary of Projects Project Set Description This project set develops and advances analytical frameworks, tools, and methodologies to assign value to the impact of energy efficiency and demand response technologies and programs. Participants will be wellpositioned to quantify the full benefits of their energy efficiency and demand response portfolios and justify associated investments in regulatory filings through frameworks for valuing energy efficiency and demand response, ascribing CO 2 emissions reductions to energy efficiency, gauging the persistence of customer response to direct energy feedback, as well as the characterization of electronic "plug loads." Project Number Project Title Description P Impact of Energy Efficiency on CO2 Emissions P Customer Response to Energy Usage Feedback P Electric Rate Structure Design Framework P Load Research: Translating Smart Meter Data into Customer Insights Refinement of EPRI National Electric System Simulation Integrated Evaluator (NESSIE) model as a potential industry-standard approach to converting energy efficiency savings to carbon emissions reductions. In 2011, the focus on synthesizing what s known about how behavior change strategies can be used as part of feedback program offerings to reduce energy and modify the usage profile. EPRI will develop a comprehensive framework for valuing demand and price response plans that apply equally well to a single pricing or demand response plan, and also to an entire portfolio of such offerings. Methods for fully utilizing Smart Meter data. P Impact of Energy Efficiency on CO2 Emissions (069236) Key Research Question Little consensus exists among experts and policymakers on how to quantify the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission reduction value of energy efficiency measures. A standardized and accepted methodology for this conversion would facilitate more accepted attribution of EE's impact on carbon emissions for policy considerations. Since 2007, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has been examining this issue, establishing in 2008 a proofof-concept approach to calculating the marginal emissions reduction impact of selected major commercial end uses. In 2009, EPRI expanded its model to include major residential and industrial end uses and further refined this methodology to account for the impact of energy efficiency on capacity expansion. In 2010, EPRI released a public report on its modeling work, with peer review from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, to establish industry-standard CO 2 emission reduction impacts of energy efficiency as a function of region and end use. In 2010, EPRI also developed a spreadsheet calculator based on its National Electric System Simulation Integrated Evaluator (NESSIE) model for members to perform customized analyses for their region. Going forward in 2011 and beyond, EPRI will perform annual updates to the NESSIE model and member calculator to update emission reduction intensities based on the latest U.S. Annual Energy Outlook projections, data on regional generation resources, and end-use load shape characteristics. EPRI intends to advance its methodology and results among utilities and policymakers as an analytically rigorous and practical approach to quantify energy efficiency's impact on CO 2 emissions. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 3

4 This project entails the continued development and application of a modeling approach to help utilities and policymakers assess the impact of energy-efficient technologies on CO 2 emissions reductions. This project will use previous EPRI modeling work from 2008 to 2010 that applied EPRI's National Electric System Simulation Integrated Evaluator (NESSIE) load dispatch and capacity expansion model-to-model marginal CO 2 emission reduction by end use. The product will be a technical report and set of data tables that ascribe marginal CO 2 impacts for specific categories of energy efficiency as a function of U.S. region and market penetration, taking into account end-use load shapes and generation mix as a function of time. Impact This project provides utilities with an analytical basis to convert electricity savings from energy efficiency programs by end use into reductions in carbon emissions with a level of rigor suitable for consideration in broader carbon trading or offset markets. Enables quantification of the emission reduction impact of energy-efficient technologies Provides members with a framework to work effectively with customers, regulators, and policymakers to establish a societal business case for new technologies, enabling greater adoption of energy-efficient technologies Provides a bounded set of values for marginal CO 2 impact that balances the need for analytical rigor consistent with prevailing emissions offset and trading markets with the practicality of utility implementation How to Apply Results The project s resulting data tables will provide marginal CO 2 emission impacts of a variety of major end uses as a function of U.S. North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) region and assumptions of the market penetration levels of end-use efficient technologies. These data can be applied by utility energy efficiency professionals as well as regulators, policymakers, and other interested stakeholders to more precisely link energy efficiency efforts to carbon offsets. In this way, energy efficiency projects can achieve greater acceptance as a carbon offset strategy that meets the criteria of rigor imposed by prevalent carbon offset and trading markets while maintaining a level of practicality for utility implementation Products EPRI Calculator for Converting Energy Efficiency Savings to Carbon Emissions Reductions: 2011 : Spreadsheet calculator based on the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) National Electric System Simulation Integrated Evaluator (NESSIE) model, along with accompanying documentation, which EPRI members can apply to convert energy efficiency savings to carbon emissions reductions. Assembled Package P Customer Response to Energy Usage Feedback (065582) Key Research Question Information is a critical element in increasing the efficiency of energy utilization. Consumers can be provided information on their electricity, or feedback, in a variety of ways using mechanisms that range from reports that report the consumer's electricity usage compared to historic or normative data, web-based consumption calculations, real-time web-portals, in-home displays, or home area network (HAN)-enabled end-use monitoring/control devices. All of these feedback mechanisms are behavior modification tools whose success depends on how well diverse consumer preferences and needs can be defined, categorized, and characterized. As part of its ongoing multi-year study, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is attempting fill the gaps in End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 4

5 the understanding of how feedback influences behavior and utilize that knowledge to design and evaluate effective feedback mechanisms. Various studies suggest that strategies, including goal-setting, commitment, normative comparisons, and other approaches with roots grounded in the behavioral sciences, can be effective in augmenting feedback impacts, although a thorough cataloguing of such results, and how they can be parlayed into utility feedback programs, remains elusive. Building on work from the previous years of the EPRI feedback study, the research needs that will be addressed in 2011 are those that relate to understanding how these various behaviors change strategies that can be used with feedback provision, and the impact on overall effectiveness. In addition, a better understanding is needed of the ways in which behavioral program marketing and promotion affect uptake rates and overall impacts, perhaps more so than with technology-centric programs where ongoing customer engagement is not as critical. Related to this, utilities are questioning the ways in which new smartgrid-enabled behavioral program offerings should be promoted so as to best educate customers, promote uptake, and avoid potential backlash. The behavior change strategy portion of the 2011 efforts will involve a characterization of the review of the relevant academic theories that support the various behavior change strategies and an overview of the empirical research findings. Technology or service vendors who are making use of such these methods will also be highlighted. The end result will be a plan for how behavior change strategies may be put into practical use in utility programming. The marketing effectiveness approach arm of the research will involve a summary analysis of approaches used and uptake rates. A research design will be proposed that employs methodologies such as randomized encouragement to assess different recruitment approaches. An important and challenging component of this work will be understanding effects of contextual demographic factors on response rates. Finally, all components of the research will be informed by an overview of who is doing what with regard to feedback research, which will be based on word of mouth and utility contacts, popular press and media, conferences and webcasts and academic literature. As an extension of this, EPRI will continue to facilitate meetings and workshops for member utilities to share feedback (and behavioral program) experience with one another. Impact This project may have the following impacts: Provides insight into how alternative feedback mechanisms work Provides a means for determining which mechanism works best under different circumstances Reduces costs of residential efficiency program and dynamic energy management system design Assists in implementing effective residential efficiency and demand response (DR) programs that reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions Informs technology manufacturers about what features impart the greatest value Assists Smart System designers in determining what information needs to flow to whom and when How to Apply Results By tapping into a new source of empirical research findings through the demonstration of practical applications for the electricity sector, ultimately improving utility DR and EE programming impacts Enhance utility staff foundational understanding and fluency in behavioral strategies, which are gaining more clout with regulators and policy makers alike Better program targeting, and thus more impact per program implementation dollar, and happier customers End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 5

6 2011 Products The Role of Goal-Setting and Other Inducements in Altering Consumer Electricity Consumption Behavior P Electric Rate Structure Design Framework (065574) Key Research Question The Smart Grid enables the opportunity to offer dynamic pricing as part of a comprehensive portfolio of ways for consumers to buy electricity. The many changes in how electricity is supplied and delivered, including the possibility for on-site generation for some needs, necessitates the provision of more diverse pricing plans. Realization of the environmental benefits attributable to many electrification opportunities, like electric vehicles and hyper-efficient devices and machines, requires sending consumers price signals that reflect prevailing system conditions. However, the industry still depends on conventional rate-making practices that were practical and effective for the last 100 years, but may be inadequate and counterproductive going forward. EPRI intends to construct a comprehensive platform for designing, implementing, and evaluating electric pricing plans. This consistent, transparent methodology will provide a mechanism for comparing and contrasting the advantages and shortcoming of a wide variety of alternative rate structures, such as traditional flat rates, inclining step (block) rates, real-time pricing (RTP), critical peak pricing (CPP), time of use (TOU) rates, interruptible/curtailable rates, direct load control (DLC), demand bidding, and demand subscription services. The approach will begin by devising a schema by which alternative pricing plans can be characterized according to 1) what we know about customer acceptance, 2) the experience base for quantifying how participants respond to the spatial, temporal, and volumetric features of these price structures, 3) the metering and communication requirements required to deliver them, 4) their compatibility, 5) the degree to which they comport with wholesale prices and provide ways to link wholesale and retail markets, and 6) other salient factors, including factors such as economic efficiency, utility financial sufficiency, and compatibility to incentive regulation models. The 2011 technical report will provide a detailed framework characterization platform, which will provide the means for identifying which rates are best suited for prevailing market conditions and for achieving specified goals for demand response, load shifting, meeting renewable generation and conservation goals, and other market-level objectives. The report will also lay out a roadmap for the development of a utility rate-making system that paves the way for rate-making in a Smart Grid world. Impact A robust and universally applicable Smart Grid pricing platform will help ascertain the benefits that a Smart Grid can provide and lay the foundation for implementing electricity pricing plans that will maximize the realization of those benefits. The characterization of the features and structural characterization of alternative pricing plans, and a synthesis of the experience with and the extent to which those design intentions are realized will assist utilities in determining which are best suited for its customer needs and market conditions. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 6

7 How to Apply Results Utility planners, rate designers, and customer service specialists will be able to convert strategic objectives into tactical plans that anticipate the opportunities new technologies provide and the challenges that are needed to meet objectives in setting electricity prices that extend well beyond what conventional rate-making practices were designed to accomplish Products Smart Pricing for a Smart Grid World: Platform of design and implementing electricity pricing plans that complement the technologies that compromise a Smart Grid. 09/30/11 P Load Research: Translating Smart Meter Data into Customer Insights (067472) Key Research Question There is growing evidence that consumers are changing the ways they use electricity. However, utilities are still relying on household load profile data collected several years ago, plus even older and sparser end-use data, to understand customer behavior. As a result, there is a growing and troublesome disparity between how utilities plan to serve household electricity loads, which involves large and in many cases indivisible investments in generation, transmission, and distribution plants and the loads they actually will serve. Just as important, utilities need to be able to characterize household loads and their constituent elements to a higher level of detail to design pricing plans. Then utilities need to offer incentives to modify the level and profile of usage to better match underlying supply costs, and reflect external costs. Moreover, realizing the benefits that appear to be associated with providing consumers timely and actionable feedback on usage requires establishing a robust characterization of all customer load profiles. The universal deployment of Smart Meters provides the utility with the means to more accurately profile household load profiles and to track changes in those profiles over time. New load research methods are needed to be able to mine that data to provide insight and structure for pricing and feedback initiatives. Additionally, robust load research methods that can support other uses of smart meter data such as supporting distribution system operations and enabling the adoption of distributed generation technologies are needed. The focus in 2011 is to first establish how to extract information from Smart Meter data as they are currently configured. Statistical and analytical methods will be described that allow the load researcher to summarize the large body of data that smart metering generates, generate routine reports, and conduct tailored research charters. Examples of these applications using member-provided data will illustrate the methods and reveal the value of the results. Next, the research will focus on identifying the additional data that can or could be gathered from Smart Meters to support pricing, feedback, forecasting, operations, and others that would realize value from more comprehensive characterization of load profiles. This will include establishing end-use measurement needs and proposing ways to collect that data either using the Smart Meter by other means. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 7

8 Impact Develop immediate and highly beneficial uses for Smart Meter data Establish future metering spatial, temporal, and granulator metering requirements to guide the selection and deployment of metering technologies Provide the basis for customer segmentation to support the design of effective and efficient pricing plans, guiding the development of in-home displays and other feedback mechanisms, and implementing energy efficiency programs and fostering the adoption of efficient electric devices How to Apply Results Improved data on household electricity consumption will be valuable to every aspect of utility enterprise business activities, from system planning to pricing planning and energy efficiency program design to system operations and financial and accounting activities. Moreover, the results will be valuable for public policy inquiries aimed at improving sector performance and achieving economic and environmental policy objectives optimally Products Getting the Most out of Smart Metering Data and Measurement Capability 12/30/11 Report PS170B Demand Response Systems (65571) Project Set Description The projects in this set assess, test, and demonstrate the application of technological advances in integrated energy management control systems, linking smart thermostats, lighting controls, and other load control technology with smart end-use devices to enable more sophisticated and effective demand response, such as dynamic energy management, in homes and buildings. The project set also examines technological advances in thermal storage and its integration into demand response systems for load shaping and peak load management. Finally, it provides members with a unique opportunity to work collaboratively with other utilities, government agencies, and manufacturers to define the requirements of end-use devices that are designed to participate in demand response programs out of the box, which carries the potential for dramatic operational and cost benefits to members. Project Number Project Title Description P Enabling DR-Ready Appliances P Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Technology This project continues the activities started in 2009 to develop use cases for DR-ready functionality for selected end-use devices. An EPRI-facilitated process that includes workshops, webcasts, and iterative review processes will be conducted so that diverse stakeholders including DOE, EPA, utilities, equipment manufacturers, policy makers, and regulators will delineate the attributes that will define DR-ready for the most applicable categories of end-use appliances, and develop cross-cutting requirements that address integration across multiple appliances. Two reports will be generated, one documenting functional requirements and another that presents the roadmap for industry movement to mass market demand response. This project assesses and demonstrates the state-of-the-art in Thermal Energy Storage (TES) technologies. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 8

9 Project Number Project Title Description P Smart Homes This is a third-party examination of the efficacy and configurability of end-use devices and home control components and systems compatible with the Smart Energy Profile (SEP) 2.0 protocol to modify demand in response to external signals. P Intelligent Buildings This is a third-party examination of integrated systems for building controls and lighting controls that comprise intelligent buildings. The project consists of two parts. One part addresses state-of-the-art building controls for demand response, with a focus on the large office building segment. It assesses the integration of demand response gateways and dashboards into existing building energy management systems that feature interoperable and open communication standards. The second part determines realistic performance, market potential, energy impact, and improved quality of light that can be expected with the use of intelligent lighting control. P Enabling DR-Ready Appliances (067473) Key Research Question Despite its well-documented and demonstrated benefits to society, utilities, and consumers, demand response (DR) remains a critically underutilized resource in the United States. One of the key barriers to greater participation is the cost to utilities of installing equipment in buildings and homes to enable load control and demand responsiveness, such as programmable communicating thermostats and sensors on air conditioners, appliances, water heaters, pool pumps, lighting, and other large end uses that contribute to peak demand. Experience also suggests that customers reluctance to have unknown controls installed in their homes or businesses is a barrier to more widespread participation in utility DR programs. However, these barriers would be overcome if major energy consuming appliances and devices came ready to participate in DR programs outof-the-box ( DR-ready ). This project will continue and expand upon efforts of 2009 and 2010 to develop functional requirements for selected categories of end-use devices and building energy management systems to be deemed DR-ready. Functional requirements describe what a system must accomplish, given specific inputs and conditions. The intent is not to prescribe how these functions will be performed, nor to select particular technologies or communications media, but rather to ensure consensus on what functions are needed. DR-ready is the capability of end-use devices to receive signals from a utility, such as price information or other instructions, and respond automatically by modulating operation to reduce or shift demand. The project will also develop a roadmap for industry migration towards ubiquitous demand response. The process to develop the functional requirements (including use cases) and a roadmap is a collaborative, iterative one in which utilities, product manufacturers, and other stakeholders are convened and engaged in a process to reach consensus on functional requirements for residential end-use appliances. For this project, appliances include devices and equipment such as air conditioners and pool pumps. Initial prioritization of end-use appliances for which requirements will be developed and refined, subject to adjustment as the project unfolds through 2010 and 2011, are air conditioners, programmable communicating thermostats, electric water heaters, and pool pumps. Dryers and dishwashers are among the appliances that could expand this list in 2011, along with lighting systems. In addition, 2011 research will focus on cross-cutting functional specifications that apply to all appliances, including the coordination and integration of responses from multiple devices and feedback mechanisms for verification of setbacks or offsets. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 9

10 This effort will take into account continuing developments in communications protocols and common information models that may provide standardized syntax for price signals and other utility-to-device communications. The project builds on Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Department of Energy (DOE) in 2008 through 2010, and with manufacturers and other stakeholders to identify opportunities to make an appliance s DR-ready communications capability a labeled attribute possibly under the ENERGY STAR brand for selected categories of end-use devices going forward. Impact Have first-hand influence in shaping the utility industry's functional requirements for DR-ready end-use technologies to ensure alignment with members' current and future DR objectives Work through utility collaborative to influence EPA and DOE ENERGY STAR standards to include DRready functionality Work through utility collaboratives to influence equipment manufacturers to develop DR-ready equipment Improve the cost-effectiveness of future DR programs by avoiding the expense of installing on-site equipment for participating customers through DR-ready end-use devices Increase DR capability and expand the potential market of DR program members through the market entry of DR-ready end-use devices How to Apply Results Members will have first-hand access to influence the utility industry s functional requirements defining what constitutes a DR-ready end-use device. Utility staff involved in the planning and design of DR programs and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI)/Smart Grid systems can apply the project findings and deliverables to match DR program requirements to desired end-use equipment attributes that would allow for out-of-the-box program compatibility. Equipment manufacturers will apply the functionality guidelines established through this project to develop prototype DR-ready technologies, which can, in turn, be tested in EPRI s Living Laboratory and could be deployed in field trials in members service territories in conjunction with their DR programs. The eventual advent of DR-ready devices into the marketplace can expand members DR potential, increase dispatchability and reliability, and lower program operating costs Products DR-Ready Appliances Functional Requirements A Roadmap to Mass Market Demand Response End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 10

11 P Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Technology (067474) Key Research Question Thermal Energy Storage (TES), an established technology for shifting cooling and heating demand from onpeak to off-peak periods, is an often-overlooked means of responding to peak demand crises. It also is an option that can efficiently enhance the productivity of cooling, heating, and refrigeration systems. Many experts agree that TES technology is poised to become a more important part of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) markets. However, TES remains an underutilized technology, in spite of the fact that cool storage is an appropriate technology in approximately 60 80% of new commercial installations. With the rising importance of demand response (DR) and peak load reduction, adoption of TES technologies is expected to accelerate in the next few years. Important questions that remain and that require addressing are the impact of TES on DR responsiveness and on overall energy efficiency. This technology is used to shift load from on-peak periods to off-peak periods. Since most U.S. utilities are summer peaking, cool storage has been of most interest to utilities and will be the main subject of this project. In cool storage, a vapor compression system cools a storage medium during off-peak hours. During peak periods, a heat transfer fluid or the storage medium itself is pumped through the delivery system, discharging the storage medium while avoiding compressor operation. Many different approaches have been taken to develop a cool storage system with the most attractive combination of cost, performance, and size, including water storage, ice storage, and eutectics. This project is a continuation of activities conducted between 2008 and 2010 and included testing of commercially available TES units. Efforts in 2011 include the incorporation of technical advances from international sources, particularly Japan, and testing of new technologies (such as TES with eutectic materials). TES technology will be examined with the goals of identifying the features of available units, testing the most promising systems for the North American and other markets, publicizing the results, and acting on any improvement opportunities that are uncovered in the evaluation. Impact Benefit from unbiased technical assessments of new TES technologies with the potential to reduce demand and shift substantial load to off-peak hours and understand their impact on energy efficiency Assess state-of-the-art international and U.S. TES technologies for DR applications Increase understanding of how TES technologies function in actual applications Establish capability to transfer new TES technologies to utility customers, building operators, and commercial customers Enhance customer confidence by demonstrating a member s value as an energy management partner How to Apply Results Project findings and products will be employed by utility account representatives, marketing staff, and energy efficiency specialists as they work closely with customers in key residential, commercial, and industrial market segments and transfer new technology that can help utilities shift/lower peak demand. Members also can help customers improve energy efficiency, reduce pollution, enhance indoor air quality, and improve productivity. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 11

12 2011 Products Testing and Demonstration of the State-of-the-Art TES Technologies: Continuation of testing in the Living Lab and demonstration of the state-of-the art TES technologies that will lead to large-scale deployment. Analyzing the energy efficiency aspect of TES technologies. P Smart Homes (067475) Key Research Question A smart home has the capacity to automatically respond to grid conditions or utility price signals to manage electricity demand while optimizing bill savings and occupants' comfort and convenience. The level of the home's intelligence may be measured by the capability to optimize electricity usage to the benefit of the home owner, occupants, and the utility. The industry is in the nascent stages of developing communications standards for home area networking for energy and demand management. A key advance is the recent development of the Smart Energy Profile version 2.0 (SEP 2.0) protocol for communications among the smart meter, the energy management system, and enduse devices in the home. The key research question addressed by this project is how effective SEP 2.0 compatible devices are in responding to grid conditions and price signals to curtail or shift load according to user-defined parameters. This 2011 project is a continuation of projects that build upon the technical assessment and demonstration of home automation and control systems for demand response applications. The project will evaluate a variety of SEP 2.0 compatible devices, including programmable communicating thermostats (PCTs), appliances, gateway devices, and home energy management systems. EPRI will test the efficacy and userdefined configurability of these systems in response to external signals, including simulated time-of-use (TOU) or dynamic pricing and reliability-driven demand response events, as well as parameters such as external ambient conditions. Impact Comprehensive evaluations of home control systems can be used by energy and control engineers to aid in the decision process before control technologies are considered for listing for energy efficiency and rebate/incentive programs. Additional value can be realized through providing opportunities for utilities to demonstrate leadership in environmental stewardship through deployment of vetted home control systems, understanding the impact of allowing home control systems to manage loads in residences, providing opportunities for utilities to integrate pricing gateways into smart home management systems, gaining knowledge regarding the use of more intelligent yet easy-to-operate home management and controls, understanding which technologies are more favorable for use with future demand response systems, and helping ensure realistic performance that can be matched with product warranty expectations. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 12

13 How to Apply Results Project findings can be employed by utility energy efficiency and demand response specialists, account representatives, and marketing staff to develop demand response pilots or programs that feature SEP 2.0 compatible devices, controls, and systems. The results of this project can provide foundational data to help utilities mitigate their risk in deploying demand response pilots and programs that involve the technology at issue Products Assessment of Smart Energy Profile 2.0 Compatible Devices for Demand Response: Testing and demonstration of SEP 2.0 compatible end-use devices and energy management systems at the EPRI Living Lab to achieve demand reduction in response to external demand response signals. Evaluation of SEP 2.0 as enabling technology for automated demand response. P Intelligent Buildings (067476) Key Research Question An intelligent building has the capacity to provide a safe and comfortable environment for its occupants, improve operational efficiencies for its owners, while at the same time respond to grid conditions to help utilities manage demand. Moreover, the level of intelligence can be determined by the capability of the building to optimize benefits to all three parties: occupants, owners, and the utility. There are two main systems within intelligent buildings: Building control systems Lighting control systems Evaluating the performance of advanced building control and lighting control systems in enabling more automated and ubiquitous demand response with respect to the requirements of building owners, occupant, and the utility can foster their more widespread use to help meet future energy and demand objectives. Control systems used in intelligent buildings should support configurable control strategies whereby building owners and/or occupants can program or select subroutines to optimal performance levels based on a variety of parameters, such as external price signals including real-time pricing (RTP), time-of-use (TOU), reliabilitydriven demand response events, external ambient conditions, and occupant preferences. This project consists of two subsets: Building Control Systems: This activity is a continuation of projects from 2007 through 2010 that builds upon the technical assessment and demonstration of building automation and control systems for demand response applications. The 2011 activity will assess state-of-the-art buildings controls for demand response, with a focus on the large office building segment. This activity will expand upon prior EPRI research on the integration of enabling technology for demand response within buildings with existing energy management and control systems. This enabling technology includes demand response gateways for utility price and capacity signals as well as dashboards that communicate energy consumption, power draw, and other economic and environmental conditions to building occupants. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 13

14 Lighting Control Systems: The identification of lighting control systems is carried out by conducting extensive product searches, attending lighting control fairs, conferences, and demand response expos, and engaging with existing and new manufacturers of lighting controls. New technologies will be procured for testing and evaluation in the EPRI s Living Laboratory in Knoxville. Lighting control research engineers also will be engaged to understand the direction of standards efforts and the requirements to support emerging lighting control technologies. Impact Comprehensive evaluations of building and lighting control systems can be used by energy, lighting, and control engineers to aid in the decision process before lighting control technologies are considered for listing for energy efficiency and rebate/incentive programs. Additional value can be realized through providing opportunities for utilities to demonstrate leadership in environmental stewardship through deployment of vetted lighting control systems, understanding the impact of allowing lighting control systems to manage lighting loads in facility power systems, providing opportunities for utilities to integrate pricing gateways into smart building management systems, gaining knowledge regarding the use of more intelligent yet easy-to-operate building management and lighting controls, understanding which technologies are more favorable for use with future demand response systems, and helping ensure realistic performance that can be matched with product warranty expectations. How to Apply Results Project findings and products will be employed by utility account representatives, marketing staff, and energy efficiency and demand response specialists as they work closely with their customers in key residential and commercial market segments to transfer new technologies and implement dynamic pricing models that can help customers by reducing peak demand, energy costs, and directly address their comfort and business needs. Comparison of electrical, efficiency, and photometric performance among traditional non-controlled light sources and lighting systems and those that are controlled in various commercial environments will allow members to determine expected energy reduction for system planning purposes. Project results will allow members to determine future energy and power quality requirements for supporting these technologies and the benefits of using lighting control systems combined with building control and demand response systems. Project data will provide a foundation for members to compare field data from future installations with project and demonstration data Products Intelligent Building Series, Volume 1: Large Office Buildings: assessment of the state-of-the-art building controls for demand response, with a focus on the large office building segment. Assessment of the integration of demand response gateways and dashboards into existing building energy management systems that feature interoperable and open communication standards. Lighting Control Systems: Continuation of the examination of lighting control systems identifying realistic performance, market potential, energy and demand impact, and improved quality of light associated with the use of intelligent lighting control. Additional research will include system compatibilty testing and analysis to ensure systems can operate in the electrical environment they are envisioned for. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 14

15 Future Year Products Lighting Control Systems: Continuation of examination of emerging light dimming and control systems. Intelligent Building Series, Volume 2: Grocery and Convenience Stores: EPRI will focus each year on the application of advanced building control systems for energy management and demand response in a particular building segment. In 2011, the selected building segment is large office buildings. In future years, EPRI will address additional building segments, including grocery and convenience stores, hospitals, hotels, retail, and restaurants. The corresponding report for each year will be a volume in an EPRI series on intelligent buildings. 12/31/12 12/31/12 PS170C Energy Efficient Technologies (067430) Project Set Description This project set assesses, tests, and demonstrates the application of advanced energy-efficient technologies in major and rapidly expanding end uses across the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. Participation in this project set provides first-hand performance data on novel efficient technologies and can facilitate field demonstrations in members own service territories and eventual programs to increase energy efficiency to meet regulatory energy efficiency goals. Activities will test the performance of, and examine opportunities to remove adoption barriers for, novel heat pump technologies for space conditioning and water heating, advanced lighting technologies, and hyper-efficient residential appliances and office equipment that together represent significant energy savings potential. The project set addresses the industrial sector through the extension of an energy management tool into new industrial market segments as well as the assessment of advanced motors and motor-drive technology. Finally, it addresses opportunities for energy efficiency in areas of energy growth, such as data centers and power supplies for consumer electronics. Project Number Project Title Description P HVAC and Water Heating Technologies P Industrial Energy Efficiency P High-Performance Homes and Buildings Unbiased technical assessment and laboratory and field demonstrations of new energy-efficient space conditioning technologies with the potential to substantially increase HVAC efficiency. The industrial energy efficiency project will develop case studies and application documents in two specific areas of opportunity that include motors and drives and process heating. This project will provide unbiased technical assessments of improving energy efficiency in data centers and net zero energy commercial buildings. Assessments will be done in collaboration with federal and state institutions, standards bodies, and other stakeholders. The ultimate goal of the assessments is to provide information that leads to improved productivity and comfort of occupants and decreased energy intensity of commercial buildings. assessments will address whole building approaches and convergence of trends in efficient design and technologies and how they integrate with the grid and utility practices. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 15

16 Project Number Project Title Description P Electronics, Plug Loads and Lighting Efficiency Electronics and Plug Loads This research is part of an ongoing effort to engage vendors, utility programs, and standards bodies to push the efficiency limits of electronics products to higher levels, saving billions of kwh per year in the process. In 2011, efforts will include baseline measurements and specification development for uninterruptible power supplies, network devices, and smart meter power supplies. Advanced Lighting Technologies This research is a third-party examination of new advanced lighting technologies identifying realistic performance, market potential, energy impact, ruggedness, and improved quality of light. P HVAC and Water Heating Technologies (067479) Key Research Question Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and water heating with high coefficient of performance are efficient technologies that can significantly reduce energy use by residential and commercial customers, also reducing costs and greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide. Breakthrough adoption of advanced air-source heat pumps and heat pump water heaters hinges on continued functional and cost improvements. Improved performance at very high and very low outdoor temperatures is a priority for many applications, especially in hot/dry, hot/humid, and sub-zero conditions. Such advanced systems also have the ability for improving customers' comfort. The project will consist of two subsets: Variable-Speed Air-Source Heat Pumps: Variable-speed air-source heat pump technology continues to advance with new products being developed by U.S. and foreign manufacturers. This project will look at the emerging technology of variable-speed ducted heat pumps for the residential market. Variable-speed residential heat pumps are available as ductless systems using wall mounted indoor units, but American style ducted air handlers as part of a variable-speed heat pump are only now being introduced by several manufacturers. These systems can be in single-zone or flexible multi-zone configurations for homes best served by multiple zones. There is a large installed base of ducted heating and air conditioning in the United States for which retrofit of replacement systems is best done with similar ducted equipment. Variable-speed ducted heat pumps fit this large market and offer a new way to add efficiency to the American housing base, while improving comfort at the same time. Heat Pump Water Heaters for Commercial Buildings: Heat pumps have been used in niche markets for commercial water heating. New developments in technology for both conventional refrigerant systems, like R- 410a and more advanced systems using carbon dioxide, are taking place. Carbon dioxide is an effective refrigerant for water heating because it maintains high coefficient of performance with high-temperature gradients, allowing water to be heated to in excess of 200 F. Coefficients of performance can range from 2.5 for 410a systems to 4.0+ for CO 2 based systems. This project will test the performance of several newly available products aimed at small- to medium-sized commercial applications. End-Use Energy Efficiency and Demand Response in a Low-Carbon Future - Program 170 p. 16