Appendix A Table A1: Canadian Climate Normals for Bissett.

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1 Appendix A Table A1: Canadian Climate Normals for Bissett. Climate Data for the Town of Bissett ( ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Temperature Daily Average ( C) Standard Deviation Daily Maximum ( C) Daily Minimum ( C) Extreme Maximum ( C) Extreme Minimum ( C) Precipitation Rainfall (mm) Snowfall (cm) Precipitation (mm) Snow Depth at Month-end (cm) Rainfall (mm)

2 Climate Data for the Town of Bissett ( ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Snowfall (cm) Precipitation (mm) Extreme Snow Depth (cm) Source: Environment Canada.

3 Appendix A Table A2: Canadian Climate Normals for Berens River Climate Data for Berens River ( ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Temperature Daily Average ( C) Standard Deviation Daily Maximum ( C) Daily Minimum ( C) Extreme Maximum ( C) / / / 2007/ / / 1998/ 14 Extreme Minimum ( C) / / 2003/ / / 1999/ / / 24 Precipitation Rainfall (mm) Snowfall (cm) Precipitation (mm)

4 Climate Data for Berens River ( ) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Rainfall (mm) / 1996/ / / / Snowfall (cm) / / 1992/ / Precipitation (mm) / / / / Extreme Snow Depth (cm) / 1985/ / / Environment Canada.

5 Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1. Quantification method The following definitions have been used in this assessment: Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e): A unit of measure used to allow the addition of, or the comparison between, gases that have different global warming potentials (GWPs). Since many GHGs exist and their GWPs vary, the emissions are added in a common unit, CO 2 e. To express GHG emissions in units of CO 2 e, the quantity of a given GHG (expressed in units of mass) is multiplied by its global warming potential. Global warming potential (GWP): Calculated as the ratio of the time-integrated radiative forcing (i.e., the amount of heat-trapping potential, measured in units of power per unit of area, e.g. watts per square meter) that would result from the emission of 1 kg of a given GHG to that from the emission of 1 kg of CO 2. For the Project the 100-year GWP values have been used and values for GHGs arising from this Project are shown in Table 1 (Ref.: IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fourth Assessment Report, 23). Table 1: Global Warming Potentials Greenhouse Gas Formula CAS Number 100 year GWP Carbon dioxide CO Methane CH Nitrous Oxide N 2 O Total emissions: Emissions calculated as the sum total mass of each of the gases or gas species multiplied by their respective global warming potential (GWP). 2. Emission sources The emissions sources assessed in the study are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Included GHG Emissions Sources Source Equipment Carbon Source Helicopter Bell Jet Ranger (206B) Jet fuel Helicopter Bell Long Ranger (206 L-3) Jet fuel Helicopter Eurocopter AS350B2 (A-Star) Jet fuel

6 3. Emissions Calculations For this assessment a fuels-based approach is used. Emissions of CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O are the GHGs generated by jet fuel combustion and emission rates are calculated based on emission factors (ref.: Environment Canada, "National Inventory Report ", Annex 8 Table A8-11: Emission Factors for Energy Mobile Combustion Sources). GHGs Emission Factors (g/l fuel) CO CH N 2 O The total fuel-based GHG emission is calculated as: CO 2 e emissions (tonnes; t) = CO 2 (t) + CH 4 (t) x GWP (CH 4 ) + N 2 O (t) x GWP (N 2 O) Where the relevant GWP are taken from Table 1 and the individual components are calculated from the total annual fuel consumption and a volume based fuel emission factor (e.g., g CO 2 / L fuel) for each GHG component and type of fuel used. GHG component emission (tonnes) = Annual fuel use (L) x EF (g/l)/1,000,000 Where: EF is the volume based fuel emission factor. GHG Emissions from Helicopter Operations: Sample calculations for CO 2 : Average fuel consumption of the helicopter = L/hr (Bell Jet Ranger (206B) 115L/hr, Bell Long Ranger (206 L-3) 150L/hr and Eurocopter AS350B2 (A-Star) 190L/hr) The straight distance between Little Grand Rapids and Pauingassi First Nation is ~24 km Total trips per day = 80 (or 40 roundtrips/day) Total distance travelled = 1,920 km/day (assumed speed of the helicopter = 96.56km/hr) Total hours of operation = hrs/day Helicopter operations: 63 days/yr (in spring and fall seasons).

7 CO 2 emission rate = L/hr x 2534 g/l = 384, g/hr CO 2 emission rate = 384, g/hr x hrs/day x 63 days/yr x 1tonnes/1,000,000g = tonnes/yr GHGs Emission rate, g/hr Emission rate, tonnes/yr CO 2 e, tonnes/yr CO 2 384, CH N 2 O Total emissions = tonnes/yr GHG Emissions from Helicopter Maintenance Trips: Sample calculations for CO 2 : Average fuel consumption of the helicopter = L/hr (Bell Jet Ranger (206B) 115L/hr, Bell Long Ranger (206 L-3) 150L/hr and Eurocopter AS350B2 (A-Star) 190L/hr) The straight distance between Little Grand Rapids and Lac du Bonnet is ~ 200 km Total trips in spring and fall seasons = 8 (or 4 roundtrips) Total distance travelled = 1,600 km (assumed speed of the helicopter = 96.56km/hr) Total hours of maintenance trips = hrs/yr (in spring and fall seasons) CO 2 emission rate = L/hr x 2534 g/l = 384, g/hr CO 2 emission rate = 384, g/hr x hrs/yr x 1tonnes/1,000,000g = 6.43 tonnes/yr GHGs Emission rate, g/hr Emission rate, tonnes/yr CO 2 e, tonnes/yr CO 2 384, CH N 2 O Total emissions = Total GHG emissions = Helicopter operations + Helicopter maintenance trips = tonnes/yr tonnes/yr = tonnes/yr 6.42 tonnes/yr

8 4. Summary of Results In the GHG analysis, helicopters emissions for the operations and maintenance trips are considered. The GHGs (CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O) emissions for are calculated based on emission factors (ref.: Environment Canada, "National Inventory Report ), fuel consumption and distance travelled by the helicopters; All of the GHG emissions were converted to CO 2 e equivalent based on Global Warming Potential (GPW) factors. The GPW factors are required for GHG inventory reporting under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and for the 1 st commitment period under the Kyoto Protocol. The total annual GHG emissions generated by the helicopters are calculated to be tonnes CO 2 e.