Earth and Space Review Answers

Transcription

1 Earth and Space Review Answers Free Powerpoint Templates Page 1

2 Question 1 a) Nitrogen fixing bacteria harm plants False. They act as natural fertilizers providing a usable source of nitrogen B) The nitrogen in the air cannot be used directly by plants or animals True C) In the carbon cycle plants absorb carbon dioxide and use it to make sugars True through photosynthesis carbon dioxide is transformed into glucose (C6H12O6) D) If a plant is eaten or if it decomposes, the carbon dioxide returns to the air. True E) Rain can return some carbon to the land and oceans by dissolving CO 2. True Free Powerpoint Templates Page 2

3 f) Volcanoes play no role in the carbon cycle. FALSE. They release CO2 G) When the CO 2 levels in the atmosphere are disturbed, it could lead either to global cooling or warming. True H) Sedimentary rocks are often layer-shaped and are often found near the ocean. True I) With pressure, metamorphic rocks become igneous rocks. False, it is the opposite Free Powerpoint Templates Page 3

4 Question 2 What gases contribute to the Greenhouse effect? What are some sources of these gases? CO 2 burning of fossil fuels such as oil, coal or natural gas CH 4 manure storage/management, rice farming, household waste N x O nitrogen rich fertilizers Free Powerpoint Templates Page 4

5 Question 3 Advantages Disadvantages 1) Fossil Fuels 2) Nuclear Energy Readily available Relatively inexpensive Requires few resources for a large amount of energy Non renewable Emits pollutants responsible for increasing the greenhouse effect and acid rain Non renewable Risk of nuclear accidents Radioactive waste Free Powerpoint Templates Page 5

6 Question 3 3) Geothermal Advantages Renewable Generates few greenhouse gases. Disadvantages Installing it is too expensive. Areas are difficult to find 1) Hydroelectricity Renewable Generates few greenhouse gases. Flooding of surrounding areas Heavy metal contamination Free Powerpoint Templates Page 6

7 Question 3 2) Tidal Power 1) Wind Advantages Renewable Generates few greenhouse gases. Renewable Generates no greenhouse gases. Disadvantages Building plants is costly and complex Few available sites need a tidal range of at least 5 m Visual pollution Bird mortality Unreliable Free Powerpoint Templates Page 7

8 Question 3 2) Solar Energy Advantages Renewable Does not emit greenhouse gases. Supplies electricity to isolated areas. Disadvantages Costly system Amount of energy produced varies with the Sun s position and cloudy conditions. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 8

9 Question 4 Explain the importance of cell respiration and photosynthesis to the carbon cycle. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy from the sun to change carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen. This process brings carbon into the biosphere. Cellular respiration is the opposite process. It uses O 2 to burn food and releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. Photosynthesis represents an intake in the carbon cycle and cellular respiration is an output. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 9

10 Question 5 Explain the intakes and outputs of carbon in the carbon cycle. IN the lithosphere and hydrosphere Photosynthesis Eating Formation of shells and skeletons Formation of carbonate rock In the atmosphere Cellular respiration Decomposition of waste Forest fires and volcanoes Burning of fossil fuels Free Powerpoint Templates Page 10

11 Question 6(not needed) A factory is located at the dot on the Globe below. This factory release pollutants. Based on what you know about the prevailing winds, is it likely that the wind will carry the pollutants to a) England b) Brazil c) Vancouver? Explain your reasoning. The wind will likely carry the pollutants to England but not Brazil or Vancouver The dot is located between the 30 Nand 60 N parallels (the Ferrell cell), air will only circulate within this cell so the pollutants will not reach brazil which is located in the Hadley cell. The prevailing winds un this cell are the westerlies meaning that the air pollutants will travel east toward England and away from Vancouver Free Powerpoint Templates Page 11

12 Question 7 What factors are necessary for the production of wind? Wind is created when air particles move from an area of high pressure to low pressure Areas of high pressure are created by a greater number of particles and cold temperatures Free Powerpoint Templates Page 12

13 Question 8 Explain the Greenhouse effect. the gases in the atmosphere both allow visible light to warm up the ground or earth, respectively, and they trap the heat that tries to escape Free Powerpoint Templates Page 13

14 Question 9 What is the permafrost? What are some difficulties associated with the changing climate and its effect on the permafrost? Permafrost is soil that has been below the freezing point (0 o ) or lower for 2 or more years With the permafrost melting, buildings can become destabilized, soil is eroded which can lead to landslides Methane trapped in the permafrost is released adding to the greenhouse effect Free Powerpoint Templates Page 14

15 Question 10 What are some factors that affect the flow of water in a catchment area? Topography Geology Climate Vegetation Urban, industrial and agricultural development Free Powerpoint Templates Page 15

16 Question 11 What causes the tides? Why are there two high tides in a 24 hour period? the gravitational pull of the moon (and the sun) When the moon is closest to a body of water, the waters are attracted to it causing the waters to swell (opposite side also experiences a swell) Because of the Earth s rotation, the oceans swell twice a day; there is one bulge facing the moon and one on the other side of the earth, in a direct line with the moon Free Powerpoint Templates Page 16

17 Question 12 What factors affect thermohaline circulation in the ocean? Explain Factors that affect the density of salt water affect thermohaline circulation temperature of the water (cold water sinks, warm water rises) and salinity (higher salt concentrations are more dense and sink below lower concentrations) Free Powerpoint Templates Page 17

18 Question 13 How does thermohaline circulation help regulate the Earth s climate? The ocean traps heat from the equatorial regions and releases it in the northern and southern regions thus moving redistributing the heat and regulating climate Free Powerpoint Templates Page 18

19 Question 14 Which province consumes the most energy from non-renewable sources? Estimate the percentage of energy from these sources Ontario from fossil fuels(~20%) and nuclear(~50%) % = = 70% Free Powerpoint Templates Page 19

20 Question 15 Approximately what percent of electricity in Quebec is found in the hydrosphere? Hydropower = ~90% Free Powerpoint Templates Page 20

21 Question 16 Approximately what percent of electricity in the Atlantic provinces is found in the atmosphere? Wind and solar = ~8% Free Powerpoint Templates Page 21

22 Question 16 Village B: Village B will be affected by the removal of the Village. water, According A: since Village to its the A water diagram, will not supply be will affected, isthe removal since of it located gets the water its a water lower required directly level for (downriver from the cranberry the reservoir, from) farm than have that of which the the cranberry is same located impact farm. upriver on The villages from large the amounts A cranberry and B? of Explain farm. water to be your used answer by the farm could affect the availability of. water in this village. Free Powerpoint Templates Page 22

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