NAMAs on Waste Management: Co benefits and indicators why tracking Sustainable development is important

Transcription

1 NAMAs on Waste Management: Co benefits and indicators why tracking Sustainable development is important Sandra Aparcana (Based on the research work done by Karen Holm Olsen UNEP DTU Partnership) NAMA training Maputo, Mozambique Sep 2015

2 Introduction to the NAMA Partnership WG SD

3 The NAMA partnership: objective To enhance collaboration and complementarity of the activities of multilateral, bilateral and other organizations to accelerate support to developing countries in preparation and implementation of their NAMAs.

4 Working Group on Sustainable Development Three areas of work: 1. Contribution of NAMAs in meeting defined national mitigation goals and targets 2. Contribution of NAMAs to sustainable development and other national development goals 3. Institutional arrangements for NAMAs Organization: Coordinators: UNEP DTU Partnership (lead) with UNDP and IISD Members: TERI, Carbon Market Watch, ECN, CCAP, WB, FAO, WI and others interested such as Gold Standard & South Pole Website & Wiki: &

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6 Measuring SD in NAMAs a WG SD collaboration between UNEP DTU, IISD, UNDP and UNFCCC

7 Overview of approaches to measure SD co benefits CDM and NAMAs

8 CDM SD Tool Source: Approved at CDM EB70:

9 Example of SDC report: air quality Improved cook stoves programme in India

10 A co benefits approach Source: Dubash et. al. (2013): Indian Climate Change Policy. Exploring a Co benefits Based Approach, Economic & Political Weekly, June 1, 2013

11 Example of co benefit assessment

12 DIA Visual Source: Cameron et al. (2014): Visualising Development Impacts: Experiences from country case studies. Conference Paper, MAPS, January 2014, Cape Town

13 Gold Standard valuation of co benefits Source: The Gold Standard, (2014): The real value of robust climate action. A Net Balance Report for the Gold Standard Foundation

14 South Pole monetizing approach to waste sector NAMAs Mitigation actions are driven by sustainable development benefits that need to be monetized: Identify who is willing to pay for the SD co benefits Determine the willingness to pay per unit of created co benefit Facilitate a transaction of this willingness to pay to the producer of the co benefits Willingness to pay for co benefits is determined as the existing spending within the current public budget or if privately generated through private spending. Source: Draft discussion paper presented at side event in Bonn, 7 June 2014 titled: Quantifying and monetizing NAMA co benefits

15 NAMA SD framework

16 Key design features Three overall components: 1. Introduction to the framework: objectives, guiding principles, ownership/users, integrated ex ante & ex post assessment 2. Content: The NAMA SD Tool taxonomy of SD indicators & methods of assessment 3. Process: Stakeholder involvement, safeguards, independent review

17 Guiding principles Not prescriptive focus on what to do, not how to do it, e.g. definitions of sustainable vs. unsustainable are nationally determined Transparent all assessments whether qualitative, quantitative or monetary shall be publicly available for review at any Consistent indicator based to deliver comparable and structured information about SD co benefits and negative impacts for all NAMAs across all sectors Credible independent review shall ensure that methods are valid and results are reliable Stakeholder participation is a right and facilitates good climate governance Easy to use the framework should not require much extra effort than is currently practiced for M&E of development outcomes unless required for particular needs to sustainable development

18 NAMA Sustainable Development Taxonomy Environmental Social Economic Institutional Air Land Jobs Health & Safety Growth Energy Capacity Building Policy & Planning Water Natural Resources Education Welfare Technology Balance of Payment Domestic MRV System Laws & Regulation Air SOx, NOx, GHG Odor, Dust, SPM, Fly ash Noise Land Compost Manure nutrient and other fertilizer Soil erosion, Salinization, Acidification Minimum tillage End of life pollution Change access/lost access to land Other Water Waste water Leaks & diesel dumping Drinking water quality Water extraction rate Conservation Supply, water access Ecological state Purification Other Natural Resources Minerals Species diversity Plant life Land cover change Other Jobs Long term jobs Short term jobs Sources of income Other Health and Safety Accidents Crime Diseases Number of hospital visits Sanitation Food safety Indoor air pollution No child labour Other Education Green development related training Educational services for different groups Project related knowledge circulation Other Welfare Traffic congestion Commuting times Income/asset distribution Women empowerment Municipal revenue Rural upliftment Energy security Other Growth Investment Industrial/commercial activities Economic growth/higher income Quality of life Increased tax base Infrastructure Production cost Productivity Other Energy Coverage/availability of supply Access Reliability, affordability Other Technology Imported technology Local technology Adaptation and viability in local area Other Balance of payments Dependency on foreign sources of energy Amount of energy produced from clean renewable sources Decrease in risk of political conflicts Economic savings for the government Reduction in energy subsidies Other Capacity Building Land titling processes Mapping of natural resources and renewable energy potential Development of competitive procedures Workshops and trainings A technical help desk for project developers and other stakeholders Other Policy & Planning Policy Framework for Sustainable, Low carbon Urban Transport Comprehensive Urban Low carbon Mobility Plans Other Domestic MRV System Sub national reference levels and MRV systems Platform for the Generation and Trading of Forest Carbon Credits Other Laws & Regulation Tariff reform Compliance with laws and regulation on Promoting and regulating production, sale and use of biofuels and biomass Decrees for tax benefits for renewable energy projects Conditions for competitive process for incorporation of new plants Other

19 Elements of SD assessment framework in NAMA Cycle

20 Steps Element Description 1. SD criteria & indicators Identify and describe SD impacts using the CDM SD taxonomy with one new dimension Ex Ante Assessment Procedural steps Ex post Assessment 2. Transformational change 3. Quantification & Monetization 4. Alignment with SD goals 5. Stakeholder Participation Indicators of the processes of change for a paradigm shift to low carbon and sustainable development Units of measurement to track SD impacts towards SD goals are identified and methods to estimate their monetary value are applied SD impact analysis and contribution to SD goals at global, national, and other relevant levels Guidelines for stakeholder involvement throughout NAMA design and implementation 6. No Harm Safeguards Compliance with no harm safeguards to avoid or mitigate negative impacts 7. Monitoring & Reporting Develop a monitoring plan; How are indicators monitored, by whom, how often? Describe quality assurance procedures. Report the monitoring data to relevant stakeholders at regular intervals. 8. Verification Independent review of methods and data shall be provided when needed to ensure SD impacts are credible and transparent 9. Certification Public, private or civil society players may want to define standards for certification of units of GHG reductions with SD impacts

21 NAMA SD Tool the case of the Philippines

22 NAMA Sustainable Development (SD) Tool The SD tool has been designed to evaluate the SD performance indicators for NAMAs and to evaluate the SD results achieved over the lifetime of the NAMA; Nationally Appropriate Improvements (NAIs) determine the ambition and success of the NAMA; NAIs are calculated for each intervention, the mean value is determined for each domain, and the overall ambition and success of the NAMA calculated as the mean value over all domains; The SD tool is currently applied in 7 NAMAs, e.g. Adaptation and Mitigation Initiatives in Philippines Rice Cultivation.

23 NAMA SD Tool Domains, Indicators, Parameters The SD tool is divided into 4 domains: (i) Environment, (ii) Economic, (iii) Social, (iv) Growth & Development; Each Domain consists of different indicators but in order to keep maximum flexibility, only those indicators that are relevant and applicable for a specific NAMA are selected; Each selected indicator is defined through parameters relevant for the specific NAMA; The parameters are described qualitatively and/or quantitatively; Quantitative parameters are subject to robust monitoring through the definition of the baseline value, ex ante estimated intervention target value and ex post monitored intervention value; The Nationally Appropriate Improvements (NAIs) are estimated ex ante, determined ex post and allow for a transparent evaluation of the sustainable development impacts of the NAMA;

24 NAMA SD Tool Domain Environment & Social Domain Indicator Relevance to SDGs and Targets Selected (Yes/No) Identified Impacts Explanation of Chosen Indicator Effect on Indicator Monitoring done (Yes/No) Environment Air pollution/quality Goal 11, Target 11.6 Positive Yes Water pollution/quality Goal 6, Target 6.6 Goal 11, Target 11.6 Goal 12, Target 12.4 Yes Increased water savings AWD leads to sognificant water savings as a result of improved irrigation Positive No Soil pollution/quality Goal 2, Target 2.4 Goal 11, Target 11.6 Goal 12, Target 12.4 Yes Improved soil quality AWD involves periodic aeration of the soil which results in higher zinc availability, as well as increased plant root anchorage and lodging resistance. Positive No Others (Noise/visibility) Goal 11, Target 11.6 Biodiversity and ecosystem balance Goal 14, All Targets Goal 15, All Targets Social Health Goal 3, All Targets Goal 1, All Targets Livelihood of poor, poverty alleviation, peace Goal 2, Target 2.1 Goal 16, Target 16.1 Affordability of electricity Goal 7, Targets 7.1 Access to sanitation and clean Goal 6, Tagets 6.1, 6.2, drinking water 6.4, 6.5 Food security (Access to land and Goal 2, All Targets sustainable agriculture) Goal 12, Target 12.3 Goal 8, Targets 8.2, 8.3, Quality of employment 8.5, 8.6, 8.7, 8.8 Time savings/time availability due to project Goal 1 No child labour Goal 8, Target 8.6 Yes Yes Provides vulnerable groups access Goal 6, Targets 6.4, 6.5, to local resources and services 6.6, 6.a, 6.b Yes Provide livelihood for poor/poverty alleviation. Decrease conflicts among farmers Increase in rice production. Increase in irrigated land Increase access to water resources Water savings from the implementation of AWD results in increased total irrigated land area. As a result, more farmers and farm helpers are required, providing additional livelihood for the poor farming communities; Because of the availability of more irrigation water for downstream farmers due to AWD, irrigation conflicts between upstream downstream farming communities are decreased. Positive No Water savings from the implementation of AWD results in increased total irrigated land area. Proportionately, increase in total number of rice fields results in the increase in rice yield. Positive Yes AWD is a water management practice in rice cultivation promoting the efficient use of water resources. This provides vulnerable groups access to water resources and services which were not previously available to them, resulting in increased total irrigated land area. Positive Yes

25 NAMA SD Tool Monitoring Serial number 1 Indicator Name Domain Parameter Name Baseline Value Unit #REF! Social Rice Production 18,032,525 t Way of monitoring How Obtained from national rice statistics values Frequency 3 years By whom NAMA Implementer Project Value QA/QC procedures 18,702,349 QC check done NAMA Implementer Serial number 4 Indicator Name Domain Parameter Name Baseline Value Unit #REF! Growth and Development Number of IAs and individual farmers to whom additional services have been provided 0 ha Way of monitoring How Obtained from national rice statistics values Frequency 3 years By whom NAMA Implementer Project Value QA/QC procedures 750,000 QC check done NAMA Implementer

26 NAMA SD Tool Monitoring Sheet Parameter Unit Pre Project Baseline value 1 Rice Production tons 18,032,525 2 Harvested Land Area ha 4,690,061 3 Additional Services ha 0 4 Trainings Persons 0 5 ISF cost /ha/season 2,000 6 ISF collection percentage Percentage 70 7 Area over which alternative cropping is practiced ha Year1 Intervention value monitored Project Year2 Intervention value monitored Year3

27 SD assessment applied to waste management: Assessment of impacts when designing an MRV system Impact estimates should show expected emissions reductions, as well as impacts on other parameters that have been identified as objectives of the NAMA. These could be identified as economic, environmental and social co benefits: Economic: e.g. reduction of the overall cost of the waste management system, regional added value (recycling, waste treatment), job creation, and the promotion of the participation of the private sector are some of the economic impacts of sustainable MSWMSs. Environmental: e.g. reduction of resource and energy consumption, reduction of GHG emissions and air pollution, elimination of health problems, and avoiding water and soil pollution. Social: Increase in wellbeing for citizens, due to a better waste service and elimination of social problems for informal waste workers, increase in social awareness and a rise in communal solidarity.

28 Possible impacts associated with sustainable MSWM activities Outcomes Decreased waste volume diverted to landfills and open dumps Established separation at source system for municipal solid waste Activities Offer training Offer environmental awareness programmes raising programmes Climate: Lower greenhouse gas emissions (compared to business as usual) Create and promote public private partnerships for building and operation of facilities and its financing Environment: Reduction of air, water, and soil pollution Social: Job creation Knowhow transfer Social awareness programmes for citizens, organising solidarity or cooperation programmes Economic: Revenues through commercializatio n of recycled materials Creation of added value Social: Creation of new jobs Increase of income for waste workers/recyclers Increased social and environmental awareness of citizens Development and implementation of economic enforcement schemes (fees, etc.); or schemes for making citizens take part of the economic revenues of separate waste collection systems Awareness raising programmes Environment: Health: Reduction of air, Reduction of water, and soil health problems pollution of citizens Elimination of vector borne diseases

29 Group work Split into groups identify a reporter Presentation of NAMA case in each group Ex ante assessment: 1. Identify the SD criteria the NAMA contributes to 2. Describe the overall expected impacts of the NAMA for each criteria 3. Score the significance of the SD impacts, whether positive or negative using the following scale: Highly positive (+2), Positive (+1), Neutral (0), Negative ( 1) and Highly negative ( 2) 4. Identify the most important SD goals at national, sectoral or sub sector level that the NAMA contributes towards (the alignment with SD priorities will need further analysis, which is not yet fully developed) Ex post assessment: 1. Select at least two SD criteria to fill out the sheets 2. Discuss whether it is possible and desirable to quantify all SD co benefits or only key indicators

30 Feedback from the groups 1. How relevant is the expanded CDM SD Tool for application to NAMAs? is anything missing? 2. What are the challenges for MRV of co benefits regarding methods for quantification of NAMA SD impacts?

31 Questions & Discussion