Annual Coal Questionnaire Overview

Transcription

1 Annual Coal Questionnaire Overview Energy and CO 2 Training Yogyakarta, Indonesia Oct. 2 4, 2013 Julian Smith Senior Energy Data Manager, Coal

2 OVERVIEW 1. The Importance of Coal 2. IEA Annual Coal Questionnaire 3. Data Consistency Checks 4. Uses of the Data

3 WORLD PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY Hydro 1.8% Nuclear 0.9% Combustible Renewables and Waste 10.6% Natural gas 16.0% Other 0.1% 1973 Oil 46.1% Coal / Peat 24.6% Hydro 2.3% 152% Nuclear 5.1% Combustible Renewables and Waste 10.0% Natural gas 21.3% Other 1.0% 2011 Coal / Peat 28.8% Oil 31.5% 8,727 Mtce 115% 18,732 Mtce TPES doubled and coal more than doubled

4 WORLD USES OF COAL Industry 17.0% Other ** 3.4% Industry 14.1% Other ** 13.0% Transformation* 14.6% Electricity Heat 42.6% Transformation* 10.0% Electricity and Heat 65.1% 2,131 Mtce 5,183 Mtce Coal and coal products increasingly used for electricity generation * Transformation includes transformation losses, distribution losses and own use for energy production. ** Other includes residential, transport, public and commercial services and all other sectors.

5 WORLD FUEL SHARES OF ELECTRICITY Combustible Renewables and Waste 0.5% Other 0.1% 1973 Combustible Renewables and Waste 1.9% Other 2.6% 2011 Nuclear 3.3% Hydro 21.0% Coal / Peat 38.3% Hydro 15.8% Coal / Peat 41.3% Natural gas 12.2% Oil 24.6% TWh TWh 290% Nuclear 11.7% Natural gas 21.9% 6,115 TWh 262% 22,124 TWh Oil 4.8% Electricity generation more than tripled, with coal-fired generation increasing almost fourfold.

6 e Mtce COAL PRODUCTION SINCE China (Region) Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Asia excluding China Non-OECD Americas Africa OECD Europe * OECD Asia Oceania OECD Americas OECD Total China (Region) India Indonesia * OECD Europe excludes Estonia and Slovenia prior to 1990

7 e Mtce TRADE IN ASIA-OCEANIA % % 60% 40% 20% TAI World % TAE World % Total Asia Imports 0 0% Other Asia Imports Japan (net) % -40% -60% -80% China (net) India (net) Other Asia Exports Indonesia (net) Australia (net) Total Asia Exports %

8 THE IMPORTANCE OF COAL Coal provides a large and still growing share of the world s energy supply Cheap (or relatively cheap) Abundant Less security issues Coal to liquids and coal gasification Co-fireable with renewable fuels Oil shale Must address environmental challenges

9 COMMON COAL CLASSIFICATIONS Higher in carbon content Higher in moisture content High rank Low rank Black coal Brown coal Classifications based on physical characteristics Classifications according to use Hard coal Anthracite Bituminous Sub-bituminous Lignite Internationally traded coal Coking Soft coal coking coal Steam Steam coal PCI coal Metallurgical coal Steam coal outside of IEA definition Thermal or energy coal Broadly equivalent terms

10 PRODUCT SCHEMA PRIMARY AND DERIVED COAL AND PEAT PRODUCTS PRIMARY FUELS DERIVED and MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS Anthracite Coking Coal Other Bituminous Coal Sub-bituminous Coal Lignite Peat Oil Shale Patent Fuel Coke Oven Coke Gas Coke Coal Tar BKB Peat Products Gas Works Gas Coke Oven Gas Blast Furnace Gas Other Recovered Gases SOLID AND LIQUID FOSSIL FUELS MANUFACTURED GASES

11 PRIMARY COAL DEFINITIONS Hard Coal Gross calorific value greater than 24 MJ/kg (m,af) Mean random reflectance of vitrinite of at least 0.6 Anthracite Bituminous Coking coal Sub-Bituminous Coal Gross calorific value MJ/kg (m,af) Mean random reflectance of vitrinite less than 0.6 Lignite Gross calorific value less than 20 MJ/kg (m,af) Mean random reflectance of vitrinite less than 0.6 Peat Formed from the partial decomposition of dead vegetation under conditions of high humidity and limited air access two forms for use as a fuel - sod peat and milled peat

12 HARD COAL DEFINITIONS Anthracite Less than 10% volatile matter High carbon content (90% fixed carbon or higher) Mean random reflectance of vitrinite at least 2.0% Non-agglomerating Coking Coal Bituminous coal with properties conducive to the production of coke oven coke Low ash; good structure; medium to high level of volatile compounds; Agglomerating Other Bituminous Coal Used mainly for steam raising purposes, but also for manufacture of cement and sponge iron, etc. Can be pulverised and injected into blast furnaces Higher volatile matter (more than 10%) Lower carbon content (less than 90% fixed carbon) Agglomerating

13 OIL SHALE Oil Shale Oil shale is not shale oil Carbonaceous rock containing mainly kerogens instead of lignins or vitrinite Potential precursor to oil and natural gas Can contain very high levels of inert matter (silicates/ash) Used to be reported under Lignite/Brown Coal. Can includes tar/oil sands Is usually: retorted to produce syngas or further treated to produce refined fuels Combusted as is to produce heat/electricity

14 UPGRADED COALS Patent Fuels Manufactured from hard coal fines With the addition of a binding agent Patent fuel produced may be higher than the amount of coal used BKB (Brown Coal Briquettes - braunkohlenbriketts) A composite fuel manufactured from lignite Produced under high pressure without a binding agent Includes dried lignite fines and dust Peat Products Similar to BKB in terms of composition and production Includes a wide variety of processed end products for use as a fuel Non-energy use for peat is NOT reported in the questionnaire

15 COKE OVEN PRODUCTS Coke Oven Coke Made by carbonising coking coal at high temperature Very low in moisture and volatile matter Used mainly in the iron and steel industry Coal Tar Liquid result of distillation of bituminous coal during the coke oven process or of the low-temperature carbonisation of brown coal Can be further distilled into different organic products (as benzene, toluene, naphthalene), which normally would be reported as a feedstock to the petrochemical industry Coke Oven Gas The volatile components of coking coal that vaporise when heated in an oxygen-free environment and remain gaseous After cleaning, it is predominantly hydrogen and methane

16 OTHER COAL DERIVED GASES Gas Work Gas Produced in plants whose main purpose is to manufacture, transport and distribute gas Can be either like Coke Oven Gas or produced combusting coal in the presence of steam to form H 2 and CO Blast Furnace Gas Produced during combustion of coke in blast furnaces in iron and steel industry Is very lean. Mainly N 2 with about 25% CO Used to transfer heat to incoming blast air or to generate electricity Other Recovered Gases Mainly by-product of steel production in an oxygen furnace Similar to BFG, but without the N 2 and with higher CO % ge Also known as converter gas, LD gas or BOS gas

17 QUESTIONNAIRE RELATIONSHIPS Table relationships within and outside of the coal questionnaire Table Relations within the Coal Questionnaire Total Imports Natural Gas Natural Gas questionnaire Table 1 Manufactured Gases Table 2 Imports by by Origin Oil Oil questionnaire Table 1 Oil Products Derived Coal Liquids Table 1 Supply, Transformation, Energy and and Final Consumption Total Exports Table 3 Exports by by Destination Renewables questionnaire Table 1 Renewables Calorific Values for Major Flows Table 4 Calorific Values Inputs to Gross Electricity and Heat Production Electricity and and Heat questionnaire Table 6a

18 TABLE 1. COAL FLOW Primary coal DERIVED COAL PRODUCTS Exports by destination Stock build TRANSFOR- MATION SURFACE + UNDER- GROUND + Production GROSS CONSUMPTION From Other Sources Imports by origin Stock draw FINAL CONSUMPTION

19 SUMMARY FLOWS FROM TABLE 1 Domestic Supply (Inland Consumption) Production + Import - Export - International Marine Bunkers + Stock Changes Gross Consumption Transformation Sector (14 sub-sectors) + Energy Sector (10 sub-sectors) - Distribution Losses + Final Consumption + Industry Sector (13 sub-sectors) + Transport (3 sub-sectors) + Other Sectors (5 sub-sectors) + Non Energy Uses Domestic Supply - Gross Consumption = Statistical Difference (Inland Consumption)

20 COKE OVEN DATA Indigenous Production ,568 Coke Ovens (transformation) 675

21 TYPICAL MASS YIELDS FROM COKE OVENS

22 COKE OVEN DATA ,133

23 COKE OVEN DATA 3,

24 TABLE 2. IMPORTS BY ORIGIN 11 products of trade 71 countries of origin

25 TABLE 3. EXPORTS BY DESTINATION 11 products of trade 73 countries of destination + 5 Other regions

26 TABLE 4. CALORIFIC VALUES 17,348 16,481 43,514 41,338 20,913 19,867 43,514 41,338

27 DATA QUALITY CHECKS Integers, negative numbers, sums Percentage differences with prior year Comparisons to other questionnaires Calorific values Net vs gross calorific values Statistical difference Transformation efficiency rates Shares of coke oven outputs Shifts in product classification Breaks in series Trade data coincides with trade partners

28 SOME USES OF THE DATA Coal Information book Electronic online files Energy balances Environmental issues Data support for other IEA divisions/other organizations Country reviews Assessing security of supply Making policy and business decisions

29 QUARTERLY COAL DATA The IEA also publishes quarterly coal production and trade quantities Hard coal and brown coal production Coal imports and exports by type and trade partner It is difficult to access timely data for some countries Your assistance in identifying appropriate sources and contacts would be appreciated IEA points of contact Raphael Vial

30 AUXILIARY RESOURCES Energy Data Management Centre IEA Statistics questionnaire page InterEnerStat outcomes (products and flows) IPCC GHG Guidelines (1996 or 2006) ISIC classifications. Rev 4. (UNSD) International Recommendations for Energy Statistics Eurostat Geonomenclature. (ISO codes, etc.) (v 2010) m_full_publ_en.zip

31 Key points for Exercises The Annual Coal questionnaire: overview Transformation vs. Energy sector Calorific Values Exercises: Exercise on Table 1 Exercise on Efficiencies Exercise on Table 4

32 Annual Coal Questionnaire Solid fossil fuels and manufactured gases 4 tables: Table 1: Supply and transformation sector, energy sector and final consumption Table 2: Imports by source Table 3: Exports by destination Table 4: Calorific Values

33 Annual Coal Questionnaire: Flows

34 Table 4: Calorific Values Definitions: Calorific value = Heat obtained from one unit of the fuel when it is combusted The difference between the net and gross calorific value is mainly the latent heat of vaporization of water vapor produced during combustion of the fuel. (2.26 MJ/kg H 2 O)

35 Table 4: Calorific Values Solid fossil fuels: Report both Gross and Net calorific values Estimated Gross calorific value = Net + 5% Coke oven coke: Gross Calorific Value Net Calorific Value Report detailed information for each flow MJ/tonne (= kj/kg) Manufactured gases: Reported in TJ (gross) Gas Gas-works gas Coke-oven gas Blast-furnace gas Other recovered gases Ratio from GCV to NCV

36 CALORIFIC VALUE Table 4: Calorific Values Calorific Values expected ranges high MJ/tonne Coal Tar Coking Coal Patent Fuel Coke Oven Coke Gas Coke Anthracite Other Bituminous Coal Sub-bituminous Coal BKB Lignite Peat Products Peat low Oil Shale

37 Table 4: Calorific Values Calorific values of coal products may differ for different flows such as: Production Imports Exports Used in Coke Ovens Used in Blast Furnaces Used in main Activity Plants Used in Industry For Other Uses Domestic supply Statistical difference on an energy basis Total demand

38 Transformation vs. Energy Industry Own Use Fuels consumed to support operations ENERGY INDUSTRY OWN USE Fuels transformed into another energy form TRANSFORMATION

39 Table 1: Transformation vs. Energy ( ) Anthracite Coking Coal Other Bituminous Coal Subbituminous Coal Coke Oven Coke Gas Coke Coal Tar Gas Works Gas Coke Oven Gas SUPPLY AND TRANSFORMATION SECTOR 10 3 t 10 3 t 10 3 t 10 3 t 10 3 t 10 3 t 10 3 t TJ (gross) TJ (gross) ( ) A B C D H I J L M Transformation Sector Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants 15 Main Activity Producer CHP Plants 16 Main Activity Producer Heat Plants 17 Autoproducer Electricity Plants 18 Autoproducer CHP Plants 19 Autoproducer Heat Plants 20 Patent Fuel Plants (Transformation) 21 Coke Ovens (Transformation) 22 BKB Plants (Transformation) 23 Gas Works (Transformation) 24 Blast Furnaces (Transformation) 25 Coal Liquefaction Plants (Transformation) 26 For Blended Natural Gas 27 Non-specified (Transformation) 28 Transformation Quantities of fuels transformed into other forms of energy ENERGY SECTOR AND FINAL CONSUMPTION Energy Sector Own Use in Electricity, CHP and Heat Plants 30 Coal Mines 31 Patent Fuel Plants (Energy) 32 Coke Ovens (Energy) 33 BKB Plants (Energy) 34 Gas Works (Energy) 35 Blast Furnaces (Energy) 36 Petroleum Refineries 37 Coal Liquefaction Plants (Energy) 38 Non-specified (Energy) 39 Energy Quantities of fuels consumed to support extraction or transformation activities

40 Efficiency of transformations Efficiency Total Output ( net energyunits) Total Input ( net energyunits) Inputs: Outputs: Coking Coal Transformation Coke Oven Plant Coke Oven Coke Coke Oven Gas Coal Tar

41 TYPES OF ELECTRICITY AND HEAT PLANTS Electricity Only CHP Heat Only Main Activity Producer Autoproducer Report all production and all fuel used Report all electricity and heat produced and all fuel used Report all electricity produced and heat sold with corresponding fuel used Report all heat produced and all fuel used Report heat sold and corresponding fuel used

42 Exercises: Exercise1.xls Fill in Table 1 with the given instructions Exercise2.xls Table 1 and Table 4 are given. Follow instructions to calculate either the efficiencies, or the estimated outputs with a fixed efficiency Exercise3.xls Find errors in Table 4 (Calorific values) and explain them

43 Thank you