INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AT THE LEVEL OF AN INDUSTRIAL PARK. Yong Geng

Transcription

1 INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AT THE LEVEL OF AN INDUSTRIAL PARK by Yong Geng Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Chemical Engineering at DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY Halifax, Nova Scotia September, 2004 Copyright by Yong Geng, 2004

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES. x ABSTRACTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xii xiii xv 1.0 Introduction Background Water Crisis..:::; Wastewater Issues Industrial Parks Development Research Significance : Linking Engineering and other Perspectives Fostering Systems Analysis Addressing the International Water Crisis Demonstration for Other Parks Potential Application to other Materials Research Objectives Thesis Structure Literature Review Introduction Industrial Ecology The Concept of Industrial Ecology The Development of Industrial Ecology Strategies and Tools of Industrial Ecology Barriers and Limits 20

3 2.3 Industrial Ecosystem and Eco-Industrial Development Industrial Ecosystem Perspectives of Industrial Ecosystem Nature as the Model Objectives, Functions and Benefits of Industrial Ecosystems Material and Energy Cycling Eco-Industrial Development Water Reuse Wastewater Reuse Application Internal Wastewater Minimization Water Reuse Planning Integrated Water Planning and Management The Concept of Integrated Water Planning and Management Implementing IWRPM Application of IWRPM Summary Research Methodology Introduction Research Nature Research Approach Data Collection and Analysis Document Review Key Informant Interviews Data Organization and Analysis Research Ethical Considerations Summary An IWRPM Framework for an Industrial Park 62

4 4.1 Introduction The Concept of IWRPM at the Industrial Park Level Policies and Regulations Economic Instruments Capacity Building Management Information System Implementation of IWRPM within an Industrial Park Organization Establishment and Preliminary Assessment Data Collection and Analysis Quantitative Modelling Solution and Implementation Feedback and Improvements Key Factors for Success of IWRPM Summary Model Development Introduction System Analysis Method Problem Formulation and System Representation Water Sources Water Treatment Plant Water Users Wastewater Treatment Plant Nomenclatures Objective Function Determination of System Effectiveness Summary Results and Findings 93

5 6.1 Introduction Research Partner Selection Overview of the Tianjin Region The city of Tianjin Water Issues in Tianjin Tianjin Economic Development Area (TEDA) Location Government.'." Industry Profile Infrastructure Survey Results at TEDA ' Water Scarcity Water Supply Water Use Wastewater Administrative Structure for Water Management Water Conservation and Reuse Survey Results at Individual Company Level Company Selection Survey Results Model Optimization Objective Function Constraints Results Summary Discussion Introduction 127

6 7.2 Cost Sensitivity Analysis Model Applicability Benefits Economic Benefits Environmental Benefits Societal Benefits Contribution to Knowledge Summary Conclusions and Recommendations Research Conclusions Recommendations Bibliography 144 Appendices A1. Physical, Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Wastewater and their Sources 157 A2. Categories of Wastewater Reuse and Potential Constraints 158 A3. Administrative Framework of the TEDA Administrative Commission 159 A4. National Standard for Drinking Water 160 A5. National Standard for Wastewater Discharge 161 A6. Tianjin Standard for Middle Water Quality 162 A7. Questionnaire for IWRPM at TEDA 163 A8. Optimal Flow for Scenarios 2-8 and A9. Optimal Flow Data for Different Scenarios 172