From Waste Management to Resource Management

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1 From Waste Management to Resource Management Florida Sunshine Chapter Conference July 29, 2014 John H. Skinner, Ph.D. Executive Director and CEO The Solid Waste Association of North America

2 The Transition from Waste Management to Resource Management From a Traditional Waste Disposal Oriented Industry to a Resource Management/Sustainability Focused Industry Suppliers of Raw Material and Energy Resources Rather than Managers or Disposers of Discarded Wastes Goal is to Produce High Quality, Reliable Supplies of Recycled Materials, Renewable Energy and Recovered Products

3 Outline Some Industry Fundamentals Recycling and Composting Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Systems Waste-to-Energy Conversion Technologies GHG Regulations Affecting SWM Facilities

4 Recovery and Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste in the U.S. Million Tons Recycling and Composting Waste to- Energy Landfill Year

5 Per Capita Waste Generation Rate in the U.S. (Lbs./person-day) Lbs/person-day Year

6 The Changing-Shrinking Ton Electronic-on line vs. Paper Communication Light-Weight Packaging Minimization of Consumer Electronics Product Stewardship-Extended Producer Responsibility Zero Waste

7 Trends in Waste Volumes MSW slow gradual growth. C&D returning to pre-recession levels. Energy wastes: Significant growth Coal ash Oil and gas drilling waste

8 MSW Market: Economic Fundamentals Volume growth about 1% Price Increases: cover inflation % Organic Growth: less than 2% Fuel Costs: little change Cash Flow: continues to be positive Acquisitions? Michael E. Hoffman, Wunderlich Securities

9 Changing Capital Spending Drive for Better Returns on Invested Capital Emphasis on Productivity and Capital Efficiency Reduced Capital Spending as a % of sales Impact on Life of Vehicles and Containers Michael E. Hoffman, Wunderlich Securities

10 Recycling and Composting in the U.S. 87 MT Recycled and Composted in % National Recycling Rate 12,500 curbside collection programs 1,500 MRFs, 300 composting facilities Emerging Trends Single stream collection/processing Organics recovery Renewed interest in Mixed Waste Processing

11 Single Stream Collection of Recyclables All Recyclables in One Container Convenient, easier for resident Less time per stop One truck Automated Collection Less labor and safer More stops per day Improved Performance of Single Stream MRFs

12 Recycling of Organics Composting and Anaerobic Digestion (AD) Yard and Garden Waste Composting Food Waste Commercial and Food Processing More Interest in Residential Food Waste Collection Strategies 3 Stream: Recyclables, Organics and Garbage Garbage Collection once every 2 weeks? 2 Stream: Wet and Dry

13 The Greening of Garbage Trucks: Alternate Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies CNG and LNG Renewable Natural Gas (Biogas) Landfill Gas Digester Gas Hybrids Diesel-Hydraulic Diesel-Electric Biodiesel

14 Conversion to CNG: Benefits Fuel Cost Savings Required in Municipal Contracts Cleaner Emissions than Diesel Reduce Carbon Footprint Driver Satisfaction

15 Status of Conversion to CNG 10 % of National SW Vehicle Fleet 50-60% of New Vehicle Purchases in 2013 Projections: 35% of National Fleet in 5 years Ultimately 1/2 to 2/3 of National Fleet Thanks to Michael Hoffman and to Alan Gerlat Waste 360

16 Conversion to CNG: Costs Truck: $30 K more than diesel Payback 4 years Fueling Infrastructure $1.5-3 M Maintenance (?)

17 Conversion to CNG: Issues Availability of Fueling Infrastructure Timed vs. Fast Fill Fleet Size Regulation of Fracking

18 Waste To Energy in the US 86 Facilities operating in 24 states Process 29 million tons in 2012, 12% of waste generated Several decades successful experience with this technology WTE plants are cleaner than majority of coal fired power plants Considered renewable energy under state and federal law

19 Renewed Interest in WTE Expansions of Existing Facilities Hillsborough County, FL Lee County, FL Olmsted County, MN Honolulu, HI Lancaster/Harrisburg, PA New Facilities Palm Beach County, FL Durham, Ontario 6 Others in Planning Stage

20 WTE Growth Worldwide Europe (ISWA 2006) 431 Facilities 16 EU Countries 50 M metric tons/year Worldwide (Pike Research 2011) 800 Facilities 40 Countries $6 billion market today Grow to $30 billion by 2022

21 Conversion Technologies New Technologies to Convert Solid Waste into Biochemicals (Methanol) and Fuels (Ethanol) Gasification, Pyrolysis, Plasma Arc, Hydrolysis, Anaerobic Digestion Potential for Higher Values Fuels or Chemicals Most in Pilot Stage, Very Few Commercial Operations Several Larger Scale Projects Coming On-Line in the Next Few Years

22 Recent GHG Actions Affecting the SW Industry Renewable Fuel Standard Biogenic Deferral Supreme Court Action on the Tailoring Rule Landfill Emission Standards NSPS Emission Guidelines Power Plant Standards New, Modified and Existing Facilities

23 Renewable Fuel Standard July 2014 EPA added additional fuels that meet the lifecycle GHG reduction requirement for cellulosic biofuel under the Renewable Fuel Standard CNG, LNG and Electricity produced from biogas from: Landfills Municipal wastewater digesters Agricultural digesters and Separated MSW digesters

24 Biogenic Deferral Biogenic emissions from combustion of LFG and WTE organic emissions June 2010 EPA issued Tailoring Rule that tailored GHG regulations to only apply to larger sources of CO EPA temporarily deferred application of Tailoring Rule to biogenic CO 2 for 3 years DC Circuit vacated the deferral

25 U.S. Supreme Court Action on the Tailoring Rule

26 U.S. Supreme Court Action on the Tailoring Rule Supreme Court Rejects Extending Clean Air Act Permitting Authority Based Solely on GHGs but Upholds GHG Limitations on Otherwise Regulated Stationary Sources (Van Ness Feldman LLP)

27 U.S. Supreme Court Action on the Tailoring Rule Supreme Court Rejects Extending Clean Air Act Permitting Authority Based Solely on GHGs but Upholds GHG Limitations on Otherwise Regulated Stationary Sources (Van Ness Feldman LLP) If you require a permit anyway, that permit can control GHGs

28 U.S. Supreme Court Action on the Tailoring Rule Anyway Pollutants Ozone Particulates Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Dioxide Lead

29 EPA Proposed Revised New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) Municipal Solid Waste Landfills Applies to New MSW Landfills Threshold for Installing Controls: 40 Mg of NMOCs per year Landfill Gas Treatment: Includes vehicle fuels, pipeline injection, chemical manufacturing Standards apply during Startup, Shutdown and Malfunction Other Clarifications Final rule scheduled for March 10, 2015

30 Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) for Emission Guidelines for Existing MSW Landfills A series of questions and requests for information that will help EPA determine the appropriate controls for existing MSW Landfills 60 Day Public Comment Period on NSPS and ANPR for Existing Landfills. Public Hearing on August 12, 2014

31 CO 2 Controls for Existing Power Plants (Proposed Rule issued June 2, 2014, Final Rule by June 30, 2015) Reduce CO 2 emissions by 30% by 2030 EPA set State specific goals for emissions. States to submit plans by for meeting goals. States to meet goals by: Improving the efficiency of coal fired plants, Switching to natural gas, Switching to renewable fuels, or nuclear, or Increasing demand-side energy efficiency.

32 The Transition from Waste Management to Resource Management/Sustainability Applying a Full Suite of Technologies that Maximize Reduction, Recycling, Recovery and Conservation of Material and Energy Resources, And Reduce Landfilling and Provide for Disposal of Residuals in an Environmentally Sound Manner.

33 Join SWANA at WASTECON