Innovations to reuse water in agriculture: Peter Schipper, ALTERRA, Wageningen University & Research

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1 Innovations to reuse water in agriculture: Peter Schipper, ALTERRA, Wageningen University & Research Project manager and researcher Water Quality Chairman group Water Quality Royal Water Network Netherlands Secretary of the IWA specialist group Diffuse Pollution

2 ALTERRA, part of Wageningen UR Science+Education+Consultanc y renowned interdisciplinary approach Cooperation: NL: Ministries, Water Partnership, Provinces, Water Boards, agriculture (testing farms, branch organization), research institutes/universities, etc EU: PEER, Landscape Europe, ALTER-Net, Climate KIC WW: Global Water Partnership, World Water Council, IWA, Dialogue Water & Climate etc

3 Agriculture in the Netherlands High yields, high-tech Intensified Big Surplus N & P Wheat Yields in the Netherlands from 1900 onwards Wheat Yield (ton/ha) kg/ha/yr kg/ha/yr Year farms livestock cows pigs poultry Import fertilizers Expensive crops

4 1. Agriculture Water quality Netherlands Runoff agriculture: > N & P loads quality Insufficient bad N-losses Dutch Delta are mostly discharged via drainage pipes Status Water bodies 2015

5 Outline 1. Reuse water & manure for agriculture 2. Innovations to reuse Manure 3. Innovations to reuse water 4. Impact Innovations: Innovation Management

6 1. Innovations to reuse water and manure

7 2. Innovations to reuse Manure Success factors Value of end products! Involvement of Industry (fertilizers, Coca-Cola,..) Closing the loop with urban waste water

8 Phosphate and Phosphorus recovery Duckweed Algae animal feed Communal waste water Mineral concentrates Agriculture Pig slurry Effluent WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plant) Pretreatment (N,K & P) Liquid fraction Biogas/ CHP/ residual heat Short term Wet solid fraction Household waste Drying SNB (sludge treatment) (incineration & energy production) Incineration/Biomass plant (incineration & energy production) Long term Dry solid fraction Fertilizer industry P producer Pyrolyses Plant Phosphat e Fertilizer Phosphate ash Fertilizer Phosphoru s (P4) Export P-Biochar Source: Schoumans et al., 2011 Production of secondary P for industries with an existing international market

9 3. Innovations to reuse Water Many different water resources to reuse! Effluent Waste Water Treatment Plants Effluent food industry (f.i. chicken-slaughtery...) Drainage water agriculture (containing nutrients, pesticides,..) Rain and groundwater

10 3. Examples innovative reuse water Reuse of drainage water in aquatic ponds to cultivate aquatic plants. Storage in wetland Artificial Aquifers Karstic areas copied from Marina Pintar, U. Ljubljana rain water WWTP efluent aditional geomembrane

11 3. Examples innovative reuse water Pig Slurry refinery plant, mix effluent with waste water food industry, mix and purify with constructed wetland and obtain right quality to produce duckweed a.o. aquatic plants Innovation demo in Haarlo, East of the Netherlands Waste water reuse Poultry factory (slaughtery), storage in artificial wetland, use for maïze irrigation Copied from Terrena (Bertrand Pinel), France

12 3. Examples reuse rain: CONTROL DRAINAGE Subsurface (tile) Drainage Without artificial drainage, land-based agriculture in the Dutch Delta is impeded at many locations

13 3. Examples reuse rain: CONTROL DRAINAGE Conventional tile drainage Singular pipes discharge directly into ditches Control drainage: drainage pipes hooked up to a collector drain which is connected to a drainage control box

14 3. Examples reuse rain: SOIL MANAGEMENT

15 3. Examples reuse rain: SOIL MANAGEMENT Pressure head (cm) Surface runoff (mm/d) Surface runoff (mm/d) Cum. surface runoff (mm) Cum. surface runoff (mm) The impact of soil management on the hydrological patterns can be very big! - prevention of soil compaction - improve the organic matter - Crops with deeper roots - Etc. Before after compaction Hydraulic conductivity (cm d -1 ) B8 pf-curve (verdicht) pf-curve k(h)-relatie (verdicht) k(h)-relatie Volumetric water content (-) Runoff Cum.Runoff Runoff Cum.Runoff

16 3. Examples reuse rain: SOIL MANAGEMENT Pressure head (cm) Before after compaction Hydraulic conductivity (cm d -1 ) B8 pf-curve (verdicht) pf-curve k(h)-relatie (verdicht) k(h)-relatie Volumetric water content (-) Significant less yields after compaction

17 Market opportunities (SME,..), Jobs, Food production, impact environment (water, soil, natural resources)

18 1 + 1 = 3 4. Innovation Management

19 4. Recourse Efficiency Innovation Chain Starting point: we all want a better use Natural Resources, generate less waste, reduce impact environment. But: how efficient are the steps in the treatment / refinery / reuse chain? Can some steps / techniques better be replaced by other new techniques?. Wageningen-UR (Huub Rijnaarts) developed a modelling approach to evaluate such chains: Based on 4 key aspects: 1) substitution, (use alternative substances with lower impact on env) 2) closing the loop: recycling, re-use: eliminate losses 3) dematerialisation: less mass material to deliver a unit of service 4) reduce energy intensity on a life cycle basis

20 4. Innovation Management Share intermediate results in the different demo s Discuss technical, social, institutional, economic issues Including evaluation of the efficiency of the innovation chain Involve all stakeholders Identify barriers to overcome Develop business models Dissemination: don t follow the general (research) approach

21 Message: Many pilots & promising innovations Quantify the effects: what do they deliver? Soil management water management Innovation partnership essential

22 Thanks for your attention

23 Photo s Selection of study area Construction machine drains Construction drains and control boxes Construction buffer connections and weir Control box from above Video inspection of the drains

24 Photo s Construction completed! Demonstration to farmers Posters for demonstration