Pilot Study to Integrate Existing Karst Flow Data for Kentucky into the National Hydrography Dataset created by the U.S.

Transcription

1 Pilot Study to Integrate Existing Karst Flow Data for Kentucky into the National Hydrography Dataset created by the U.S. Geological Survey Kentucky Division of Water Frankfort, KY and Kentucky Geological Survey Lexington, KY David A. Jackson, P.G Groundwater Protection Council Annual Forum September 24-28, 2011

2 National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Digital spatial dataset of waters of the U.S. mainly surface water Cooperative efforts of Federal, State and Local Governments National data at 1:24,000 and 1:100,000 scales Flow direction network Organized by basin and watershed areas - Natural and constructed water bodies - Type classification, delineation, name and reach code - Feature Types (i.e. Stream/River) > Feature Codes (i.e. Perennial)

3 National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Data Stewardship turned over to individual states - Required training for editing tools - Maintenance and Updates/Corrections - Documentation and Quality Assurance - KY Division of Water is NHD Steward for Kentucky Designed to incorporate groundwater data: points and flow lines - Limited groundwater data in initial version of NHD

4 1:100,000 NHD Layer for Kentucky Lines Points Polygons Pilot Study Area

5 Karst Drainage Potential Well Developed Karst Areas of Kentucky (Adapted from Currens, 2002) Moderately Developed Less Soluble Rocks Pilot Study Area

6 Karst Karst Drainage Drainage Potential Potential Well Developed Karst Areas and Tracer Delineated Karst Basins in Kentucky (Adapted from Currens and Paylor, 2009) Karst Karst Atlas Atlas Map Map Series 30 x 60 Quad (with (with name) name) Moderately Developed Published Karst Karst Atlas Atlas Sheet Sheet Less Soluble Rocks Rocks Delineated Karst Drainage Flow Routes and Mapped Basins Flow Routes and Mapped Basins

7 Example of Karst Atlas Map Series and Legend Harrodsburg 30 x 60 Minute Quadrangle Standard Karst Atlas Legend

8 Example of Karst Atlas Map Series and Legend Harrodsburg 30 x 60 Minute Quadrangle Standard Karst Atlas Legend Verified conduit flow (traced) beneath three topographic divides

9 Pilot Study to Integrate Karst Data Improve hydrologic modeling, research and experimentation and environmental response based on NHD data - More complete hydrography data set - Karst drainage influence on regional hydrography - Local karst deviation from watershed divides Partnership with U.S. Geological Survey and Kentucky Geological Survey - Establish baseline for karst NHD integration High quality, existing digital tracer data - Representative of karst features across Kentucky - Manageable size and amount of tracer data West Fork Red River Hydrologic Unit Code km 2 watershed (KY TN border) - Hopkinsville 30 x 60 Minute Quadrangle Draft

10 Pilot Study Area West Fork Red River Watershed and NHD data

11 Study Area with Tracer Test Data

12 Study Area with Tracer Test Data and Karst Deviation (91 km 2 )

13 Pilot Study to Integrate Karst Data Review and reconcile karst terminology compared with NHD FTypes & Fcodes - Karst Points: Spring, Karst Window, Sinking Spring, Cave Stream, Water Well, Swallet, Overflow Spring & Other Injection (Sinkhole, EDIPs ) - NHD FTypes: Spring/Seep, Sink/Rise and Water Well - NHD FCodes: None available

14 Pilot Study to Integrate Karst Data Review and reconcile karst terminology compared with NHD FTypes & Fcodes - Karst Flow: Mapped Trunk, Inferred Trunk, Inferred Tributary and Subsurface Overflow - NHD FType: Underground Conduit - NHD FCodes: Definite and Indefinite (Positional Accuracy) Perennial and Intermittent (Hydrographic Category) No means to distinguish Aquifer Type - Mapped Karst Basins (Polygons) cannot be integrated

15 Pilot Study to Integrate Karst Data Review study area data for accuracy and completeness - No problems found with NHD - Recent high-resolution imagery allowed for improved accuracy of karst point locations and addition of spring runs to streams - Minor field work required to verify groundwater flow interpretation based on results of tracer study at Pembroke Municipal Water Well NHD Steward documents proposed updates Download appropriate NHD watershed (8-digit HUC)

16 Fieldwork to Test Previous Interpretation of Perched Karst Aquifer A Municipal Well Hargrove Sp B Hargrove Sp C Venable Sp Venable Sp Previous tracer test (A) was used to establish the southeastern boundary area of municipal water well at Pembroke, KY (KDOW-1997). This tracer was recovered at multiple springs during moderate stage. The follow-up tracer test (B) from upper Montgomery Creek swallet during low stage confirmed the westward piracy of creek flow to Hargrove Spring (2002). Results of combined tests (A & B) were interpreted as a perched aquifer exhibiting atypical crossing flow routes. A second losing reach on lower Montgomery Creek was identified during moderate stage (2010). Tracer test (C) confirmed lower Montgomery Creek connection to perennial Venable Spring through an intermittent subterranean cutoff. This proved the existence of two independent, conditional losing reaches on Montgomery Creek and the original perched aquifer conclusion was rejected.

17 Pilot Study to Integrate Karst Data ArcGIS 9.2 and NHD Geo Edit Tools Re-digitize KY karst data into NHD no import function - NHDPoint feature class - NHDFlowline feature class Few, minor problems relative to digitizing updated Geo Edit Tools to Quality Assurance review 1) KDOW personnel 2) Automated QA review Exported to USGS for final automated review Upload to National Map

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19 Accomplishments Integrated tracer data within and tangent to pilot study watershed Some improvements relative to karst data - Large karst windows more accurately depicted - Hydrologic connections/more complete hydrography Recommended additional Fcodes (sub-categories) - Aquifer type classification (Underground Conduit FTypes) - Point type classification (use Event Themes ) - Karst flow deviation Hydrographic Category FTypes Added: Perennial/Intermittent Addition of Underground Conduit FTypes being considered Capture conditions for Sink/Rise Points to be revised

20 What s Next? Expand project scope to the sub-basin level Study possibility of importing delineated karst basins as a feature class of the Watershed Boundary Dataset

21 Upper Green River Sub-basin

22 Karst Deviation - Need to Integrate Basins with WBD

23 Acknowledgements Karst researchers and cavers Joe Ray (KDOW retired) and Jim Currens (KGS) - Started KY Karst Atlas Randy Paylor former KGS geologist USGS Bruce Bauch and Chuck Taylor KDOW Jim Seay (NHD Steward), Rob Blair, Phil O Dell, and Deven Carigan

24 nhd.usgs.gov/ water.ky.gov/pages/default.aspx