TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM FISHPOND

Transcription

1 TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM FISHPOND USING AERATED LAGOON BY AKINYEMI, BANJO A YOBAMI 2001/13846EA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER STATE. NOVEMBER, 2006

2 TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM FISHPOND USING AERATED LAGOON BY AKINYEMI, BANJO A YOBAMI 2001/13846EA BEING A FINAL YEAR PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG.) DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER STATE. NOVEMBER,

3 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project is a record of a research work that was undertaken and written by me. It has not been presented before for any degree, diploma or certificate at any University or Institution. Information derived from personal communication, published and unpublished works of others were duly referenced in the text. E:>',6 - rr - oc;;... Date iii

4 CERTIFICATION This Project entitled "Treatment of Wastewater from Fish Pond using Aerated Lagoon" by Akinyemi B. A. meets the regulations governing the award of Bachelor of Engineering (B.ENG) of the Federal University of Technology, Minna, and it is approved for its contribution to scientific knowledge and literary presentation. a~~",ut ---~--~ Mr. Peter Adeoye Supervisor ob.. /i-(jl Date ~~ External Examiner ---~g/l'-i:l~ - Date -~ Engr. Dr. Mrs. Z. D. Osunde Head, Department of Agricultural Engi neering '2 -~ Date IV

5 DEDICATION This project is dedicated to my loving Mother, Mrs. Elizabeth M. Akinyemi for her support and care because without you I wouldn't become a graduate today. I'm also dedicating this work to my adorable sister and her charming husband, Mr. and Mrs. Osunmakinde for their kind gestures and prayers. And finally to my great Uncle, Mr. Seun Olowe for being a brother I never had, God bless you all. Amen. v

6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I thank God for His infinite mercy, goodness, protection and favour since I was born and making me to be alive to witness this day. My profound gratitude goes to late Mohammed Bashir, who was my former project supervisor before his life was cut short untimely, his contributions to my project cannot be undermined. May God grant him eternal rest. I equally wish to recognize the encouragement and invaluable assistance accorded to me by my new supervisor, Mr Peter Adeoye, I pray that God will bless you in all your endeavours. Also I wish to acknowledge the contributions of the following lecturers Mrs. Asana Mustapha, Engr.Dr.N.A.Egharevba, Engr.Dr.(Deacon).O.Chukwu, Mr Fabunmi and all the other staff of the department not mentioned here. My friends also Engr.Orayemi Mohammed,Maji Nath,Otunba Mayor,Owolabi Kunle,Joel.Ote.com,Amos,Osisienato and the rest all of Agricultural Engineering Department. Finally, my deep appreciations to Kann1i Afolabi for being a good friend, my Grandmother Mrs. Felicia Olowe and all other individuals not mentioned that have in one way or the other been a source of help and inspiration to me. I say God bless you all, Amen. VI

7 ABSTRACT Wastewaters from fishponds was collected and analysed to ascertain its physical, chemical and biological properties. This is done with a view to knowing how feasible it would be to treat it biologically. The sample was subjected to laboratory analysis. The results show that the water before it entered the fish pond (weir) was clean but becomes polluted by the metabolic activities of aquatic organisms. The total dissolved solids (TDS) of about 156 mg/l and temperature of 32 C were got from physical parameters. From the chemical analysis, the water has quite appreciable amount of nitrate, phosphate and potassium. They are, 16.4 mg/l, 5.61 mg/l and 2.81mg/l, respectively. The water would have been therefore useful for irrigation purposes at the downstream end but for the high concentration of copper, iron, boron and manganese which are 1.70 mg/l, 0.12 mg/l, 1.20 mg/l and 0.04 mg/l, respectively. This if not treated will lead to salinity of the soil. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and four hour permanganate values (PV 4 ) were compared and since the ratio is more than 3.5 (220:32); biological treatment is feasible. Based on this m 3 sedimentation tank to reduce suspended solid and TDS was designed. And (2.5 x lox 16) m 3 of aerated lagoon was also designed to use diffused air aerators. This, if constructed will treat the wastewater and make it fit for recyclelatory system or for irrigation purpose since the toxic elements would have been diluted by aeration process. Even, if the water is to be diluted to the nearest watercourse, it will not create any nuisance because the BOD/DO values would have conformed to 20/30 WHO and APHA standards. Vll

8 T ABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Declaration Certification Dedication Acknowledgements Abstract Table of contents List of plates List of tables List of figures IV v VI Vll V111 Xl XU X111 Chapte'r One 1.0 Introduction 1.1 Background of the Project 1.2. Statement of the Problem 1.3 Objective ofthe Project 1.4 Justification and Scope Chapter Two 2.0 Literature Review 2.1 Fish and Its Benefits to Man 2.2 History of Fish Farming 2.3 Types of Aquaculture 2.4 Types of Ponds 2.5 Pond Construction V111

9 2.6 Constituents Found In Wastewater Physical Constituents Chemical Constituents 2.7 Fish Pond Waste Water Treatment Method Oxygen Transfer Aeration System 2.8 Environmental Effects of Discharge of Effluents from Fishponds Pollution Habitat Destruction Impacts on Fresh Water Sources Adverse Impacts on Downstream Users Chapter Three 3.0 Methodology and Materials 3.1 Study Area 3.2 Sample Collection 3.3 Procedure for Laboratory Analysis Materials, Reagents and Equipments Bacteriological Q~alitative Analysis Procedures 3.4 Physio-Chemical Qualitative Analysis Procedures The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Biological Oxygen Demand (Bod) Test Chemical Oxygen Demand (Bod) Test Dissolved Oxygen Test Ph 3.5 Design of Sedimentation Tank IX

10 3.5.1 Sedimentation Tank 3.6 Labour Requirement Design For 95% BOD Removal for Retention Period of 4 Days Calculating Lagoon Size Selecting A Diffused Unit Aerator Chapter Four 4.0 Result and Discussion 4.1 Result of Physical Analysis of Wastewater 4.2 Result of Chemical Characteristics of the Wastewater 4.3 Result of Biological Characteristics of the Wastewater 4.4 Relevance of Aerobic Lagoon Chapter Five 5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 Conclusions 5.2 Recommendations Refere[)ces x

11 LIST OF PLATES PLATE 1: Sample at the Fishpond 1 2: Sample at the Weir 3: Aerial View of the Fishpond 4: Sample at the Discharge Column PAGE xi

12 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1: Physical Analysis of Wastewater 2: Chemical Analysis of Wastewater 3: Biological Analysis of Wastewater PAGE xu

13 LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: Sketch of Aerated Lagoon 2: Sketch offish Pond 3: Sketch of Sedimentation Tank 4: Sketch of an Aerator Unit PAGE Xlll