KEYS OF SUCCESS AND CHALLENGES OF WATER REUSE AND VALORISATION OF BIOSOLIDS

Transcription

1 KEYS OF SUCCESS AND CHALLENGES OF WATER REUSE AND VALORISATION OF BIOSOLIDS Philippe JACQ Valentina LAZAROVA Jean-Luc MARTEL SUEZ ENVIRONMENT Long Beach, November 18 th, 2008 Jeddah, October, 2010 Philippe GISLETTE CIRSEE Director Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 1

2 New Challenges of Wastewater Treatment Wastewater Treatment Plant Recycled water Wastewater Biosolids Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 2

3 Part 1. Water Reuse Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 3

4 Water Reuse Driving Forces Water scarcity Population growth and urbanization Public health and environmental aspects Climate change Overall water use efficiency Wastewater Valuable resource for multiple purposes Less energy cost than groundwater pumping or desalination Multiple values of reuse : economic, financial, social and environmental Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 4

5 Water Reuse: a Global Trend of Diversification of Water Reuse Increase of recycled water quality Up to 1995 West Basin, 2007 Agricultural irrigation 40 Landscape + urban uses Environ- mental 35 Industrial Acquifer uses recharge 25 Since 2000 Costa Brava, Spain, California, Florida, % Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 5

6 Water Reuse: Applications of Tertiary Treated Wastewater Source: GWI, 2010 Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 6

7 Water Reuse: a Global Trend of Sustained Growth in All Continents *USA km 3 /yr 831 reuse plants 7,6 Mm 3 /d Total USA 2 Mm 3 /d California 5 Mm 3 /d Mexico City 14.4 Mm 3 /d Total Mexico Agricultural irrigation 0.1 Mm 3 /d Washington DC 2.2 Mm 3 /d Florida Urban uses & golf courses Europe 1.0 km 3 /yr 200 reuse plants 0.16 Mm 3 /d Mendoza 0,82 Mm 3 /d Total Spain Middle East& North Africa km 3 /yr 72 reuse plants 0,2 Mm 3 /d Riyadh 1.85 Mm 3 /d Total Saudi Arabia 0.02 Mm 3 /d Windhoek South Africa km 3 /yr 20 reuse plants Potable reuse & aquifer recharge Industrial uses 1 Mm 3 /d Total Israel 0,15 Mm 3 /d Abu Dhabi Annual renewable Water resources m 3 /inh/year < ,000 >10,000 No data 14.8 Mm 3 /d Total China Japan km 3 /yr 218 reuse plants 2.4 Mm 3 /d Western Corridor 0,5 Mm 3 /d Japan World 0.27 Mm 3 /d NeWater Singapore 7.1 km 3 /yr (0.36% of water consumption ) 5% of treated wastewater >2000 reuse plants Australia km 3 /yr 435 reuse plants *Source: Global Water Intelligence, 2007 Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 7

8 Recycled Water Reused as % of Total Water Withdrawal in MENA Countries Source: Qadir et al., 2009 (Based on data from FAO-AQUASTAT 2009; USEPA 2004) Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 8

9 Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 9

10 Examples: Conventional Wastewater Treatment Technologies for Irrigation Stabilization ponds at As-Samra plant - Jordan Irrigation of 181 ha m 3 /d activated sludge + denitrification + chlorination Abu Dhabi Mafraq WWTP ( m 3 /d) Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 10 Source: A. Bahri, 2010

11 Aerated lagoons WWTP Ismaïlia Egypt m 3 /d Source: A. Bahri, 2010 Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 11

12 Examples of New Direct Water Reuse Projects in Jordan Aqaba, 10 ha Fruit trees, grass, ornamentals Wadi Musa, ha Cut flowers, fodder, fruit and forest trees Just Pilot Project, 72.1 ha Fruit and forest trees, fodder Source: A. Bahri, 2010 Jordan Street Project, 7.5 ha Greater Amman Municipality Ornamentals Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 12

13 Tunisia: Irrigation is the Major Reuse Application OLIVE TREES ORANGE TREES Source: A. Bahri, 2010 Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 13 PEACHES

14 Tunisia: Golf Courses and Urban Landscaping Source: A. Bahri, 2010 Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 14

15 Tunisia: Aquifer Recharge Source: A. Bahri, 2010 Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 15

16 Abu Dhabi: Landscaping with Recycled Water Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 16 Source: A. Bahri, 2010

17 Kuwait :Irrigation Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 17 Source: A. Bahri, 2010

18 West Basin Water Recycling Facility Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 18

19 West Basin Recycled Water Program West Basin Recycling Facility One of six National Centers for Water Treatment Technologies facilities in the USA (2002) Only facility in the world to produce five types of designer water Built from 1995 with state/federal funding First MF/RO treatment Visitors Center Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 19

20 Cl Cl West Basin Water Recycling Facility Treatment Trains and Satellite Plants 2006 HYPERION WWTP secondary effluent 215, 000 m 3 /d Phase IV expansion 221 customers 36 Million m 3 /yr Carson Regional Recycling Plant High pressure Reverse boiler water MF Osmosis Low pressure boiler water FeCl 3 Tertiary nitrification Chevron & Exxon/Mobil Refineries (Biofor Disinfection Cl Filtration Flocculation Storage Mono-media (Cl) Urban uses, Irrigation, 13% Microfiltration Reverse Osmosis Reverse Osmosis Decarbonator Filtration Reverse Multi-media Osmosis Microfiltration UV Disinfection Barrier effluent Aquifer recharge, 22% Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 20 H 2 O 2 Cooling water Title 22 effluent High pressure boiler water Low pressure boiler water Industrial reuse, 65%

21 Customized Recycled Water: Five Water Quality for Various Reuse Applications Process Tertiary Nitrified MF/RO MF/RO/RO Stabilized RO Next?? Uses Irrigation, Street Sweeping Cooling Towers Low Pressure Boilers High Pressure Boilers Groundwater Injection To Customer Specs Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 21

22 Current uses for recycled water Industrial Refineries Boiler feedwater Cooling tower water Irrigation Landscape (medians, golf courses, etc.) Commercial Toilets & urinals Hospital use (i.e. x-ray machines) Seawater Barrier Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 22

23 Designer Recycled Water % high quality recycled water Cubic Meters in Million per Year ,1 Tertiary 10,2 11,2 Cooling Towers GW Injection 7,3 Low Pressure Boiler Feed 3,0 High Pressure Boiler Feed Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 23

24 Recycled Water Rates Baseline Metropolitan Water District Drinking Water Rate: 0.47 $/m 3 1. Tertiary: ~25% - 40% Discount 2. Nitrified: ~20% Discount 3. Softened RO: ~10% Discount 4. Single RO: 2 times 5. Double RO: 2.5 times High revenues Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 24

25 Benefits of water recycling Better use than potable for irrigation? Higher nutrient levels Stable water quality parameters Less chemical fertilizers Economic benefits for industry Cooling towers no longer use potable water Carpet dye holds better Refineries no longer treat stabilized water Drought proof water resource Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 25

26 Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 26

27 Main Challenges to Water Reuse Development Not enough treated wastewater of sufficient quality and quantity at the point of use Need for enforcement of water quality control and reliability of operation Need for institutional set-up and governmental incentives to promote water reuse Need of appropriate pricing strategy (water fees/tariffs) and governmental subsidies for the capital costs of treatment facilities and distribution network Develop communication to improve public acceptance Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 27

28 Pricing of Recycled Water Source: GWI, 2010 Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 28

29 Whole Life Costs Water Reuse and Desalination Typical water reuse costs Predominantly small and medium size projects <5,000-40,000 m 3 /d /m 3 Existing plus small and medium size projects MF/RO 1.0 /m 3 UF/RO 0.5 /m 3 MBR 0.3 /m 3 <5,000 m 3 /d >20,000 m 3 /d 0.86 /m /m 3 Recent bids for large projects 30, ,000 m 3 /d UV 0.02 /m 3 Water reuse UF/RO, MF/RO MBR Desalination Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 29

30 Keys for Success: Demand-Driven Projects Demand of recycled water should be quantified and secured before the implementation of water reuse schemes Recycled water quality should be designed for the type of use (irrigation, industry, etc.) Water reuse projects must be implemented step by step to match recycled water demand Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 30

31 Rethinking Finance and Economics for Water Reuse Develop sustainable financing models Water prices and allocations should reflect water scarcity conditions and the true costs of developing and delivering water supplies Full cost recovery in reuse is unlikely: combination of subsidies and consumer payments Need for economic analysis - together with environmental assessments and sound technical studies - for the assessment of various options for wastewater treatment and reuse Investment in national water reuse strategies needs effective regulation of water allocations and demands Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 31

32 Part 2. Valorisation of Biosolids Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 32

33 SLUDGE PRODUCTION Waste water Grease, sand Waste water Grease, sand Pre-treatment Pre-treatment Coagulation floculation Primary decantation Decantation Physicochemical sludge Treated Water t Activated sludge Clarification Biological sludge recirculation Treated Water Primary Sludge Biological sludge Mixed sludge Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 33

34 Which current sludge products are delivered to farmers? N, P N, P CaO, N, P Liquid Sludge CaO, N, P Pasty & sticky Sludge A global net increase of posttreated sludges tonnages delivered to farmers Limed filter press Sludge N, P N, P OM, N, P Thermally and Sun dried Sludge Composted Sludge Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 34

35 Sludge is a resource Biosolids from activated sludge P 2% Mineral Matter Organic Matter 70% OM/DS N 6 % kwh/tds Biosolids from digested sludge P 3% Minerales solidos Organic Matter 52% OM/DS N 4.5% kwh/tds Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 35

36 Potential for Biosolids Valorisation From disposal to reuse Elimination Put in landfill Without energy recuperation Incineration With energy recuperation Energetic Reuse Cement Industry or thermal plants Direct use as an organic fertiliser Sludge Sludge Product that improves soils Agronomic Reuse Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 36

37 Agricultural Land spreading (Biological valorization) Land spreading is applied on cultivated areas The main objective of agricultural landspreading is the bring of nutrients (N, P + oligo-elements) to the plants The use of composted or dried BIOSOLIDS in order to improve soil qualities and fertility through organic matter bring and soil microbial activity restoration after a long use of chemical fertilizers Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 37

38 Sun drying can be easily applied to dewatered sludge all the year long with production of a good and easy to store fertilizer/soil conditioner Example of the El Trebal sludge drying field in Santiago de Chile (Aguas Andinas) Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 38

39 Lazarova October, 2010 > Water Reuse: Global Experience 39