Particle Removal with Membranes in Water Treatment in Germany State of the Art and Further Developments

Transcription

1 Particle Removal with Membranes in Water Treatment in Germany State of the Art and Further Developments Innovation of Membrane Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatment Yokohama ( ) Rolf Gimbel, Stefan Panglisch, Andreas Loi-Brügger

2 Institute of Energy and Environmental Engineering Water Technology Mülheim an der Ruhr Campus Duisburg 34,000 students in Duisburg and Essen 5,500 students in the Faculty of Engineering Campus Essen 2

3 IWW - Facts and Figures Muelheim an der Ruhr Location Muelheim an der Ruhr Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany Campus Duisburg IWW in Figures about 50 scientists, engineers and technicians Campus Essen IWW is an institute associated with the University Duisburg-Essen as a limited non-profit-making company: Applied Research Consulting Service 3

4 IWW-Organisation Chart Executive Board Dr.-Ing. Wolf Merkel - Klaus-Dieter Neumann Water Chemistry Prof. Dr. H.-M. Kuss Water Technology Prof. Dr.-Ing. R. Gimbel Scientific Board Microbiology Prof. Dr. H.-C. Flemming Management Consulting Prof. H. Schulte Water Resources Management Dr. A. Bergmann Water Technology Dr.-Ing. S. Panglisch Water Quality Dr. U. Borchers Applied Microbiology Dr. G. Schaule Management Consulting Dipl.-Volksw. A. Hein Resources Protection Water Technology Inorganic Analysis Lab Hygiene Efficiency Consulting Water Catchment Simulation of Transport and Treatment Processes Membrane Technology Swimming Pool Techn. Corrosion Prevention Organic Analysis Lab Microbiological Analysis Lab Biofilms Biofilm Monitoring Software Development Professional Education Consulting Applied Research Fundamental Research 4

5 Overview 1. State of the Art in Germany 2. Developments in the German Market 3. Largest Membrane Plants in Germany 4. Current Research 5

6 Application of Membranes for Drinking Water Production in Germany 6

7 Origin of Raw Water for Ultrafiltration (relating to number of plants) 18,6% 81,4% Surface Water Carstic, Well, and/or Springwater 7

8 Number of plants Overview Germany: MF and UF plants > 8 m³/h for Drinking Water Production Number Zenon X-Flow Pall inge Aquasource Year of construction 8

9 Capacity in m³/h Overview Germany: MF and UF plants > 8 m³/h for Drinking Water Production Capacity Zenon X-Flow Pall inge Aquasource Year of construction 9

10 Summary: State of the Art in Germany Due to the water resources no need of reverse osmosis or nanofiltration in general (up to some few special applications) Due to best removal of viruses mainly ultrafiltration, just some microfiltration plants Applications in germany: Surface (reservoir) water water affected by surface water (carstic water, spring water...) backwash water (from conventional filtration, from membrane filtration) Currently, the largest UF in Germany for drinking water treatment has a capacity of 7,630 m³/h (reservoir water) incl. 630 m³/h backwash water treatment 10

11 Overview 1. State of the Art in Germany 2. Developments in the German Market 3. Largest Membrane Plants in Germany 4. Current Research 11

12 Process Development: Hybrid process Flocculation/ UF DOC-retention 100% 80% Range of results Minimum retention 60% 40% 20% 0% UF Flocculation + UF NF 12

13 Permeability 20 C [L/m 2 /h/bar] Process Development: Hybrid process Flocculation/ UF Failure of Al- Dosage Chemical enhanced backwash 12:00 20:00 4:00 12:00 13

14 The Market in Germany: New Membrane Developments Inge, Multibore Higher mechanical stability Membrana, Liqui-Flux Higher packing density (61 m²/module) Nadir, Bio-Cell Self-supporting Membrane Bags Submerged Membranes 14

15 The Market in Germany: New Membrane Process Combinations 15

16 The Market in Germany: New Competitors: Ceramic MF by NGK, Japan Nominal pore size 0.1 µm Dimension 180 x 1,500 mm Membrane surface area 25 m² Size of channel 2.5 mm Number of channel 2,000 Material Ceramic economically comparable flux performance higher higher recovery higher lifetime no broken fibers to be expected but: less virus removal references just starting in Europe 16

17 Summary: Market Developments Hybrid process Flocculation/ UF is on the advance Development of high stability capillaries and self-supporting flat sheet membranes Development of membrane modules with high packing density Development of new membrane combinations New competitors from abroad with ceramic membranes 17

18 Overview 1. State of the Art in Germany 2. Developments in the German Market 3. Largest Membrane Plants in Germany 4. Current Research 18

19 Roetgen: Commencements In the middle of the nineties coliforms and E.coli were detected in the drinking water of the water works Roetgen (6,000 m³/h, using reservoir water) after heavy rainfalls It was decided to investigate the suitability of membrane filtration At this time there was no membrane filtration plant in Germany operated and no experience with technical membrane plants Membrane pilot experiments were started 19

20 Treatment scheme of WW Roetgen and pilot phases Flocculation agents (optional) Disinfection Ca(OH) 2 Cl 2 ClO 2 Distribution system Reaction-Basin 1. Filtration step 2. Filtration step Drinking water tank Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Ca(OH) 2 KMnO 4 Discharge reservoir NaOH Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 or Polyaluminium Chlorid 1. Stage UF-pilot plants X-Flow, Zenon, inge, Puron Backwash water tank Filtrate 2. Stage UF-pilot plants X-Flow, Zenon, inge, Puron Filtrate 20

21 Use of Chemicals to Clean the Membranes of the Pilot Plants in Roetgen Start in 1995 with NaOCl and H 2 O 2 Later also with ClO 2 Since November 2001 only with H 2 SO 4 and NaOH 21

22 Applications I: Drinking Water Treatment Rejection of microorganisms (B.Subtilis, 300 nm) B.Subtilis/500 ml 09:35 09:45 10:15 10:45 11:05 11:30 11:40 12:10 12:40 13:10 13:30 back flush 1,00E+07 1,00E+06 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 1,00E+03 1,00E+02 1,00E+01 feed 1,00E+00 permeate Memtec (MF) permeate X-Flow (UF) permeate Aquasource (UF) 22

23 Applications II: Drinking Water Treatment Rejection of MS2-Phagen (20 nm) MS2-Phagen/ml back flush 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 1,00E+03 1,00E+02 1,00E+01 1,00E+00 feed permeate MF permeate UF2 08:45 09:45 10:30 11:00 11:27 12:00 12:30 permeate UF1 23

24 Optimal Process Combination (Roetgen) Intake Tank reservoir Powdered activated carbon (optional) Pre-filtration NaOH / CO 2 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 or Polyaluminium chloride (optional) Flocculation (in-line) Ultrafiltration 1. stage Limestone filtration Re-feed Backwash-water CO 2 (optional) NaOH (optional) Ultrafiltration 2. stage Discharge Desinfection Storage New components are underlined 24

25 UF Membrane Plant in Roetgen: Start of operation in November 2005 Xiga Concept 70,000 m² 12 blocs, 36 pressure tubes each 7,000 m³/h maximum capacity Largest membrane plant in Germany 25

26 UF Membrane Plant in Roetgen: Start of operation in November

27 UF Membrane Plant in Roetgen: Start of operation in November

28 UF Membrane Plant in Roetgen: Start of operation in November

29 UF Membrane Plant in Roetgen: Start of operation in November

30 Scheme of the backwash water treatment in Roetgen Membrane plant for drinking water production (1. stage) Chemical-free backwash water Buffering of chemical-free backwash water Chemical-containing backwash water (Acid, base or, if necessary oxidizing agent) Powdered activated carbon (if necessary) UF-plant for backwash water (2. Stage, (BW-UF) Sedimentation tank 1 Buffering, neutralisation, and if necessary reduction Sewer Sedimentation tank 2 Reducing agent (if necessary) Refeed into the feed of the 1. stage Thickener Earth basin/ Soilfilter Centrifuge Discharge into the receiving water 30

31 Backwash Water Treatment: inge System 7,000 m² 3 blocs, 78 elements each 630 m³/h maximum capacity Largest backwash water treatment plant with membranes (at least) in Germany 31

32 Summary: Roetgen Start of operation of the largest UF plants of Germany for drinking water production (7,000 m³/h) as well as for backwash water treatment (630 m³/h) in November 2005 Drinking water line is carried out as advanced hybride process with in-line coagulation Permeability of drinking water line approx. 400 l/m²bar h CEB just with acidic or alkaline solution and without dosing oxidizing agents Overall recovery by additional backwash water treatment is higher than 99.5 % Specific costs of the process (investment including building and operational costs) are below 10 Cent per m³ produced drinking water 32

33 Overview 1. State of the Art in Germany 2. Developments in the German Market 3. Largest Membrane Plants in Germany 4. Current Research 33

34 Current Research in our group Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for Monitoring, controlling and automation Optimizing of operation and costs Improvement of basic knowledge about membrane processes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Optimizing of geometry and hydraulics of membranes, modules and reactors UF as pretreatment for RO-Desalination Retention of Xenobiotics (nature extrinsic organic substances) by PAC/UF, NF, RO 34

35 Optimization of UF/MF-plants by Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Input Parameters ANN Output Parameters Temperature Water Quality Turbidity Flocculation ph Process Feed pressure Backwashing conditions Flux Filtration time Al-concentration Adjustable 35

36 Modelling of UF/MF by ANN Further development in a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research - mechanism of membrane blocking - evaluation of main effects responsible for blocking - development of strategies to minimize blocking - influence of coagulation pre-treatment 36

37 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 37

38 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 38

39 UF as Pretreatment for Seawater RO (SWRO); Background Today, RO has a market share of 20 % of the worldwide installed capacity for seawater desalination It is assumed, that the market share with new plants will grow to 50 % in the next years 39

40 UF as Pretreatment for Seawater RO (SWRO); Background Advantages RO: Investment costs approx. 30 % lower than for thermal plants Much lower energy demand Lower required space Disadvantages RO: Possibly operational problems by membrane fouling Varying quality of rawwater has big influence on plant performance, chemical consumption, membrane lifetime,... and operational costs 40

41 UF as Pretreatment for Seawater RO (SWRO) Pilot experiments of the companies Taprogge and inge at Arabic Gulf with scientific consultancy of IWW 41

42 Many Thanks for Your Interest 42