Water and Sanitation Safety Planning. Oliver Schmoll

Transcription

1 Water and Sanitation Safety Planning Oliver Schmoll

2 One in hundred years National public health strategies to highlight value of safe drinkingwater as basis for primary prevention Policy frameworks to integrate management of water- and sanitation related health risks Strengthen implementation of water safety plans and contribute to the development of sanitation safety plans

3 Protocol requirements Article 4 (2a): Parties shall ensure adequate supplies of wholesome drinking water which is free from any micro-organisms, parasites and substances which (...) constitute a potential danger to human health. Article 6 (2): Parties shall establish national and/or local targets (...) that need to be achieved or maintained for a high level of protection against water-related disease (...). Targets shall cover, inter alia, (a) the quality of the drinking water supplied, taking into account the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality of the WHO.

4 The Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality

5 WHO Guidelines: benchmark for safety 4th edition published in 2011 (since 1958) International point of reference for drinking-water regulation Advisory in nature Need for adaptation to national priorities Principal of incremental improvement

6 Established approaches Strict focus on public health protection Rigorous assessment of biological, chemical, physical and radiological agents Health-based guideline values for more than 100 chemicals Good practices in provision of safe drinking-water

7 What does safe mean? Move away from over-reliance on end-product testing: Too little to late Outbreaks in absence of faecal indicators No early warning capability No capability to detect short term fluctuations Need for holistic and proactive approach: Emphasis on prevention Focus on process control

8 Framework for Safe Drinking-water Health-based targets (National regulatory body) Water Safety Plan (Water supplier) Independent surveillance (Surveillance agency)

9 Health-based targets Health-based targets (National regulatory body) Water Safety Plan (Water supplier) Independent surveillance (Surveillance agency) Targets based on public health protection and disease prevention Quantitative benchmark for water suppliers Different types for different situations and purposes: Water quality Specified technology Specified performance Health outcome

10 Water Safety Plans (WSP) Health-based targets (National regulatory body) Water Safety Plan (Water supplier) Independent surveillance (Surveillance agency) The most effective means of consistently ensuring the safety of a drinking-water supply is through the use of a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchment to consumer. In these Guidelines, such approaches are called water safety plans.

11 Independent surveillance Health-based targets (National regulatory body) Water Safety Plan (Water supplier) Systematic surveillance for verifying the WSP is operating properly Final check of end product quality Audit of WSP Independent surveillance (Surveillance agency)

12 Water Safety Plan in a nutshell

13 WSP is a piece of thinking! What are the risks to my supply system? How important are they? Ongoing and iterative cycle How do I know that the they are fixed? How do I fix them?

14 Water Safety Plan steps overview Map supply system Review WSP WSP cycle Identify hazards and assess risks Prioritize and implement improvements Review adequacy of preventive control measures

15 Map and describe the supply Source: Esther Melhorn

16 Step back and analyse Systematic hazard analysis: What can go wrong where? Identify hazards as agents that cause harm to public health Identify hazardous events that introduce hazards or fail to remove them For all steps in the drinking-water supply chain Rigorous risk assessment: How important are events and hazards? Points to areas where management attention is needed Informs improvement and investments needs

17 Visit system, meet on-site staff & inspect Photo: Bettina Rickert

18 Identify risks Photo: Oliver Schmoll Photo: Bettina Rickert Photo: Bettina Rickert Photo: Oliver Schmoll Photo: Oliver Schmoll Photo: Oliver Schmoll

19 Risk characterisation RISK MATRIX Insignificant (Score: 1) Minor (Score: 2) Severity Moderate (Score: 4) Major (Score: 8) Catastrophic (Score: 16) Almost certain (Score: 5) Likely (Score: 4) Likelihood Foreseeable (Score: 3) Unlikely (Score: 2) Most unlikely (Score: 1)

20 System analysis What can go wrong? If the event happens, what hazard(s) may make the water unsafe? Is this event under control? How important is this event? List what hazardous events could happen that may introduce hazards to your system and may make your drinking-water unsafe. M = Microorganisms C = Chemicals P = Physical constituents Q = Loss of quantity List all preventive barrier measures that are currently in place. Such measures may be anything that is a barrier to contamination. Control should not be mistaken with testing of drinking water quality. Describe how often the event can happen in your supply, and how severe the consequences would be for the health of the community. Judge to what extent this needs attention and improvement. Very important - Requires urgent attention & action Important: Requires attention & action may be taken Less important: No action required at this time

21 Improvement and upgrade planning What needs further attention? List the hazardous events for which you identified further attention. What improvements and upgrades are required? Improvement and upgrade can aim to remove, reduce or remedy the problem. How can it be done? For major improvements for which resources may only be available in the long term, also list interims solutions. Who will do it? // When will it be completed? // Resources needed to do it? The term resources refers to personnel, technical and financial means.

22 Step-wise improvement planning Quick one-off fixes Short-term operational improvements: Adaption of operational monitoring, inspection and maintenance procedures Long-term strategic improvements: Planning in multi-stakeholder catchments Treatment upgrades Infrastructure investments Donor/bank interest

23 Monitoring and inspection

24 Local team building and community participation Photo: Oliver Schmoll Photo: Bettina Rickert Photo: Tahmina Alimamedova Photo: Tahmina Alimamedova

25 Supporting tools _rus.pdf _rus.pdf

26 Supporting tools

27 Added value reported

28 Added value reported /1 More clarity on supply related risks Reduction of incidents Increased compliance Evidence on health gains: Problem of time scales Significant decrease in diarrhea incidence Population under WSP is 14 % less likely to develop clinical cases of diarrhea Stimulation of multi-stakeholder cooperation and communication

29 Added value reported /2 Documents due diligence: overcoming complacency through fresh look Systematizes and improves operations Provides ratio for decision making: helps to focus limited resources and attention Stimulates incremental improvement planning Often introduces a positive change in culture

30 Steps towards WSP implementation

31 Policy roadmap guidance nkbig_small.pdf

32 Role of pilots Nucleus of national implementation strategies: Demystify WSP Gain first hand experience and success stories Generates ownership Develop national WSP capacities Basis for evaluation and information of policy makers: Added value Feasibility and applicability Estimating resource and capacity building requirements for scaling-up

33 National advocacy and dialogue Establish institutional champion Sensitize key stakeholders and institutions and seek buy-in for long-term implementation strategies Involve usual and unusual suspects : Government and regulators Surveillance authorities Municipality and town associations NGOs Professional associations

34 Capacity building alliances Training and education: Involvement of learning institutions and training providers Certified training programmes Further professional education programmes Integration into university curricula Develop national guidance materials Build resource centers as hubs for technical advice Establish partnership and peer-to-peer arrangements Networks for sharing knowledge and experience

35 And sanitation safety planning? Source: Thor-Axel Stenstrom, 2013

36 And sanitation safety planning? The more piped supplies in premises, the more wastewater produced Sanitation safety: Safe disposal Safe use Safe conditions Sanitation Safety Plans (SSP) still in conceptual development phase Piloting planned

37 Conclusion WSP is benchmark for safe water (and SSP for sanitation) Increasing policy recognition and uptake Complementary requirement to hardware (infrastructure) investments

38 Protocol links Area for national target setting Current work program : WSP capacity building and pilot projects Provision of WSP guidance in Russian Forthcoming work program : Safe and efficient management of water supply and sanitation systems : Capacity building at national/regional level Strengthening of national legislation Particular consideration to small supplies, hospitals and schools Water Operator Partnerships

39 Thank you Source: Rod Shaw