Designing self generating compact power generator without fossil fuels

Transcription

1 Designing self generating compact power generator without fossil fuels R.Kishorekumar # 1 and H.Brindha* 2. # PG student, M.E,EEE Department, G.K.M College of Engineering and Technology,, Anna University, Chennai, India *Assistant professor,g.k.m College of Engineering and Technology, Anna University, Chennai, IndiaKishore8192@gmail.com Abstract A new method of power generation is proposed in this paper to meet the power demand in future without using fossil fuels like (coal, LPG, petrol, diesel, etc.)for reducing the emission of harmful gases to the environment. In the proposed APG (Automatic Power Generation) method solar energy is utilized to run the DC motor act as (turbine) where it is directly coupled with three phase AC generator and output from generator is given to the distribution transformer where two part of the output terminal voltage is given to the load and remaining one part of the terminal voltage is given back to the DC motor (turbine) through booster and switching device to maintain the speed of the motor and to control the frequency of the generator output voltage. Keywords LPG(liquified petrolium gas); DC(direct current);ac(alternating current); APG(automatic power generation) I. INTRODUCTION The global energy consumption has been continually increasing over the last century. Official estimates indicate a 44 percent increase in global energy consumption. It can be said that fossil fuels (liquid, coal and natural gas) have been the primary energy source for the present day world. Sustained urbanization, industrialization, and increased penetration of electricity have led to unprecedented dependency on fossil fuels. Presently, the most important concerns regarding fossil fuels are the greenhouse gas emissions and the irreversible depletion of natural resources. Based on the official energy statistics the global carbon dioxide emissions will increase by 39 percent to reach 40.4 billion metric. Traditional methods use a supply of steam to drive a turbine. The steam can be produced using fossil fuels or nuclear energy. But the availability of fossil fuel will be less in upcoming years and nuclear energy is harmful to the human health. Emission and pollution are the key concern with traditional power sources. Emissions are measured in pounds of emission per megawatt hour of energy produced. Coal generates 2,249 pounds of carbon dioxide, 13 pounds of sulfur dioxide and 6ppounds of nitrogen oxides for every megawatt hour of energy generated.greenhouse gas emissions and the related threat of global warming and depleting fossil fuel reserves have placed a lot of importance on the role of alternative and greener energy sources.the depletion of fossil fuels, instability of oil price, concomitant global climate change has compelled nations to seek new nonpolluting ways to produce energy. Among various kind of renewable energy, solar energy it is freely available, low maintenance but high initial setup cost and low output in cloudy weather for huge solar panels.so generating the power with help of solar panel and through feedback from the transformer and boosters given back to the motor where motor act as prime mover to generate a power without help of coal and fossil fuels. The standalone power systems using renewable energy as a disadvantage that is the availability of renewable energy sources has daily and seasonal patterns which results in difficulties in regulating the output power to cope with the load demand. The advantages of using renewable energy sources for generating power in remote areas are obvious such as the cost of transported fuel are often prohibitive fossil fueland that there is increasing concern on the issues of climate change and global warming. Combining more than one form of the renewable energy generation and also conventional diesel power generation will enable the power generated from a renewable energy sources to be more reliable and affordable. This kind of electric power generation system, which consists of renewable energy and fossil fuel generators together with an energy storage system and power conditioning system but using in remote areas leads to avail the interrupted power supply to the load due to climatic change and unavailability of diesel to the generator for a long time. It also increases the cost and complex to operate and control in remote areas. The main objective is to generate the power in residential, industrial and remote areas area without using the fossil fuels but utilizing the freely available solar energy collected with help of solar collector and charge the sealed lead acid battery using solar charge controller connected to the DC motor where it act as the turbine and rotate the AC generator which is directly coupled with the motor. AC power is generated from AC generator and connected with distribution transformer for stepping-up the voltage level. two terminal output voltage is given to the load and remaining one terminal voltage is given back to the motor through booster and relay for automatic on and off control so, the motor rotate constantly even though the solar energy is not available for various climatic condition. Battery backup is used for starting 17

2 the motor during initial condition and charge the battery during running condition so power is generated with help of compact power generator without fossil fuel. Our current industrial society works only with conventional energy Sources like coal, oil, natural gases or uranium. Meanwhile, we will have two big problems with them: They produce several kinds of pollutions. If we do not care, atmospheric pollution, climate change or nuclear waste can endanger our living condition on the earth. After several years the limited energy source will become exhausted, which will not guarantee our energy supply in the future. On the opposite side, the renewable energy sources use natural flows. These renewable energy sources only use a small part of the flow that is why they cannot damage natural surroundings. One of these natural resources is solar power and there are several ways to use it. One of them is to produce electricity. Firstly, we will explain how the photovoltaic technologies work, and then we will show implementation of buildings and commercial buildings and end up with solar towers II. METHODOLOGY The Depletion of Fossil Fuels, instability of oil price, Concomitant Global Climate Change Has Compelled Nations to Seek New Nonpolluting Ways to Produce Energy. Among Various Kind Of Renewable Energy, solar energy it is freely available, low maintenance but high initial setup cost and low output in cloudy weather for huge solar panels.so generating the power with help of solar panel and through feedback from the transformer and boosters given back to the motor where motor act as prime mover. III. EXISTING SYSTEM Traditional methods use a supply of steam to drive a turbine. The steam can be produced using fossil fuels or nuclear energy. But the availability of fossil fuel will be less in upcoming years and nuclear energy is harmful to the human health. Emission and pollution are the key concern with traditional power sources. Emissions are measured in pounds of emission per megawatt hour of energy produced. Coal generates 2,249 pounds of carbon dioxide, 13 pounds of sulfur dioxide and 6ppounds of nitrogen oxides for every megawatt hour of energy generated. Existing block is shown below. Figure 1 Block Diagram of Existing System A).Drawbacks of Existing System High Cost Loses Will Be More Maintenance Will Be More Initial setup cost will be more IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM A).Working Principle Solar energy from the sun is collected with help of solar collector and is helps to charge the battery through solar charge controller and stores the collected energy to the battery. Stored battery energy is used to start the motor during initial condition and also charge during running condition. DC motor act as turbine which is directly coupled with generator where the generator generates the three phase AC electrical energy and the output from generator is given to the three phase distribution transformer shown in below figure. Two part of the terminal voltage from distribution transformer is directly connected to the load and another one part of the terminal voltage is given back to motor which is acting as a turbine through booster circuit, capacitor and switching device. The main draw of existing is fuel consumption and cost of the fuel but the proposed system helps to produce the power at low cost with maximum efficiency. B).Block Diagram of Proposed System Solar panel Battery& Motor PRIME MOVER Booster Generator AC LOAD r Step up Transformer Feedback HARMFUL GASES TO ENVIRONMENT Figure 2Block Diagram of Proposed System Fossil fuels TURBINE GENERATOR TRANSFORMER LOAD 18

3 Figure 3 hardware module C).Advantages of the Proposed System Low Cost Compared To existing system. No Need For external Fuels (Coal, Diesel, petrol) Reducing the electricity Bill. No emission of harmful gas to environment. V. BATTERY CONNECTED DC MOTOR COUPLED WITH GENERATOR Figure 4 Battery Connected DC Motor Coupled With Generator The battery connected DC connected DC motor consist of battery, charge controller, DC motor, Three phase AC generator, distribution transformer, relay and switching device are connected according to model shown in the above figure. Where the battery is charged with solar panel output through charge controller but solar panel output is mentioned as constant DC voltage source, this voltage is directly connected to the motor terminal. Then motor start to rotate and it act as a prime mover where the motor shaft and generator shaft is directly coupled so the mechanical rotation is given to the generator and generator starts to produce the three phase AC voltage and is given to the three phase distribution transformer. Two part of the terminal voltage is given to load and one part of the terminal voltage is given back to motor through booster circuit as a feedback and output waveform and parameters is shown in below graph 1 and table 1. GRAPH I 19

4 TABLE 1 COMPONENTS BATTERY DC MACHINE (MOTOR) GENERATOR TRANSFORMER 150V,6.5Ah RATING Permanent magnet DC machine. Input =DC voltage (150V, 6.5Ah). Initial speed=0 rpm. Maximum Speed=1500 rpm. Output=Mechanical Rotation. Input=Mechanical Rotation Output=230V, Alternating voltage. Three Terminal Distribution Transformer Primary=230V Secondary=4150V Figure 5 Solar Panel Directly Connected With DC Motor The solar panel connected DC connected DC motor consist of solar panel, charge controller, DC motor, Three phase DC generator, distribution transformer, inverters, relay and switching device are connected according to model shown in the above figure. Solar panel output through charge controller is directly to the motor terminal. Then motor start to rotate and it act as a prime mover where the motor shaft and generator shaft is directly coupled so the mechanical rotation is given to the DC generator and generator starts to produce the three phase DC voltage and is given to the inverter if need and given to the three phase distribution transformer. Two part of the terminal voltage is given to load and one part of the terminal voltage is given back to motor through booster circuit as a feedback through rectifier. Then motor rotates constantly without change in speed the electrical power is generated continuously after a time period without any fossil fuels the waveform and parameters are shown in below graph II and table II. VI. SOLAR CONNECTED WITH DC MOTOR. 20

5 GRAPH II Secondary=415V COMPONENTS SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER DC MACHINE (MOTOR) GENERATOR TRANSFORMER TABLE II RATING 48Vx3 Series connection. Constant Controller Permanent magnet DC machine. Input =DC voltage (150V, 6.5Ah). Initial speed=0 rpm. Maximum Speed=1500 rpm. Output=Mechanical Rotation. Input=Mechanical Rotation Output=230V, Alternating voltage. Three Terminal Distribution Transformer Primary=230V VII. CONCLUSION The Depletion of Fossil Fuels, instability of oil price, Concomitant Global Climate Change Has Compelled Nations to Seek New Nonpolluting Ways to Produce Energy but here power is generated without burning of fossil fuels and it can be used in remote areas where the power line is not available and reduce the uninterrupted power supplies. The output wave form and parameters are mentioned in table 1 and 2 respectively. VIII. REFERENCES [1].P. Rueda, S. Ghani, and P. Perol, A new energy transfer principle to achievea minimum phase &continuous current boost converter In IEEE PESC Conf., Jun [2].L.-R. Chen, N.Y. Chu, C.-S. Wang, and R.H. Liang, Design of a reflex- based bidirectional converter with the energy recovery function, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 8, pp , Aug [3] M. G. Villalva, J. R. Gazoli, and E. R. Filho, Comprehensive approach to modelling and simulation of photovoltaic arrays IEEE Trans, vol. 24, no. 5, pp , May [4] K. Jong-Yul, J. Jin-Hong, K. Seul-Ki, C. Changhee, P. June Ho, K. Hak- Man, and N. Kee-Young, Cooperative control strategy of energy storage system and microsources for stabilizing the microgrid during islanded operation, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 12, pp , Dec [5] M. H. Nehrir, C. Wang, K. Strunz, H. Aki, R. Ramakumar, J. Bing, Z. Miao, and Z. Salameh, A review of hybrid renewable/alternative energy systems for electric power generation: Configurations, control, and applications, IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 2, no. 4, pp , Oct [6] B. N. Alajmi, K. H. Ahmed, S. J. Finney, and B. W. Williams, Fuzzy- logic-control approach of a modified hillclimbing method for maximum power point in micro grid standalone photovoltaic system, IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 4, pp , Apr [7] Linear Technology document High Voltage High Current Controller for Battery Charging and Power Management Dec [8]Juan Manuel Carrasco, Bialasiewicz, Eduardo Galvan, Ramon Ma. Angeles Martin Prats, Jose Ignasioleon, and Narciso Moreno-Alfonso, Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey, IEEETrans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp , Aug [9] Marian K. Kazimerczuk, Pulse-Width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters, John Wiley &Sons,New York, NY, [10] Roberto Gonzales, Jesus Lopez, Pablo Sanchis, andluis Marroyo, Transformerless Inverter for Single-Phase 21

6 Photovoltaic Systems, IEEE Trans. Power, Electron., vol. 22, no. 2, pp , July R.KISHORE KUMAR was born in kolathur Chennai-99, in He received the B.E. degrees in electrical and electronics engineering fromsrinivasa Institute Engineering and technology,jaya group of college, Chennai, in 2013 and He is doing M.E. degree in power systems engineering from G.K.M College of engineering and technology H.Brindhacompleted M.E in Anna University and currently working as assistant professor in G.K.M. College of Engineering and Technology. 22