NUCLEAR ENERGY DEBATE

Transcription

1 NUCLEAR ENERGY DEBATE BY CATHERINE K. KIANJI, LL.B (UoN), DIP. LAW (KSL), LIMIS (UK), DPM (KIM) SENIOR LEGAL OFFICER KENYA NUCLEAR ELECTRICITY BOARD (KNEB) MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND PETROLEUM 11 th September 2013

2 Overview ntroduction lobal perspective of nuclear energy rivers of nuclear power in the world tatus of Kenya nuclear energy programme ey issues in nuclear energy uture of nuclear energy

3 Introduction Nuclear Fission Nuclear energy is produced through a chain reaction of uranium or other suitable nucleus fission Most fundamental consideration in nuclear energy is nuclear safety.

4 Diagram of Pressurized Water Reactor Source: McGraw Hill Companies

5 Nuclear Energy: Global Perspective. Source: IAEA

6 Nuclear Energy: Country share of electricity generation (as of 31 Dec. 2012) Source: Nuclear Power Reactor in the World - IAEA, Vienna, 2013 ( modified by author )

7 Drivers of nuclear energy in the World Continued growth in global energy demand Energy security Price volatility Environment protection and climate change Nuclear power: Improved operations Good economics Good safety record starting in the early 1990s

8 Energy Source equivalents

9 Energy source : New power generation and investment

10 Why nuclear energy in Kenya? Provision of adequate capacity for an ambitious economic development programme (Kenya Vision 2030) - (ICT Park, Second container terminal and a free port at the Mombasa port, Standard gauge railway(juba-lamu), Lamu port, Special Economic Zones, Iron and Steel smelting industry in Meru area, Standard Gauge railway(mombasa- Nairobi-Malaba, Kisumu), Light rail for Nairobi and suburbs, Resort cities (Isiolo, Kilifi and Ukunda) To provide stability in power supply ( Base load power) Provision of efficient and reliable power Lower cost of power - an economic alternative to fossil fuels Provide adequate power that is environmentally friendly and clean Availability of nuclear global peer review and support Technology is mature and proven

11 Peak power demand projection for Kenya (MW) Peak: 16,905MW Installed Capacity: 21,620MW st Nuclear Power plant ~ 1000MW 4 Nuclear plants by 2031, Capacity 4000MW 0 Source: Least Cost Power Development Plan 2011/

12 rojected Power Generation Mix Source: Least Cost Power Development Plan 2011/2031

13 tatus of Kenya nuclear energy programme Kenya is a member of IAEA since 1965 Kenya established the Kenya Nuclear Energy Board (KNEB) within the Ministry of Energy and Petroleum as a Nuclear Energy Programme Implementation Organization ( NEPIO). Prefeasibility Study - on going Capacity building through- Local Corporation - Ministry of Energy and Petroleum and University of Nairobi - Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Masters in Nuclear Science Scholarships Regional and International corporation - IAEA, Texas A & M University (USA), KINGS ( Kepco International Graduate School ) South Korea, AFRA, INIS Stakeholder engagement - in progress Strategic Plan in progress

14 Status of Kenya nuclear energy policy and Law National legislative and regulatory framework 1. Draft Energy Policy and Bill 2. Drafting of nuclear energy Policy & Bill - in progress (Inter-ministerial Committee) Ratification and domestication of international treaties in the area of nuclear safety, security, safeguards and liability for nuclear damage Kenya has ratified all relevant regional and international instruments and is pursuing ratification of the following: 1. The Convention on Nuclear Safety ( CNS) 2. The Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident 3. The Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency 4. The Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management and 5. Relevant Instruments on Liability for nuclear damage ( i.e. Vienna Nuclear Liability Regime and the Joint Protocol)

15 Kenya nuclear energy programme infrastructure milestone Source: IAEA, 2007

16 Key issues in nuclear energy Most fundamental issue / consideration in Nuclear power is nuclear safety. Kenya Geotectonic Waste management Accidents and Leakages Kianji.K.G 2012

17 Germany and nuclear energy

18 Nuclear waste management debate The critics The advocates Risks are very high High level waste is a non-risk Absence of demonstrated n all disposal countries technology using nuclear after energy 40+ there It is easy to solve technical are well years established proves nuclear procedures is for storing, problems - only challenge is managing fundamentally and transporting flowed such wastes, solving WNA info political papers:waste problems management on waste & funded Irresponsible from electricity to generate users. Wastes more are disposal nuclear fuel cycle, contained waste while and managed, the problem not remains released. Radioactive waste management Storage unresolved is safe and secure, plans are well in hand for eventual disposal. Response In all countries using nuclear energy there are well established procedures for storing, managing and transporting such wastes, funded from electricity users. Wastes are contained and managed, not released. Storage is safe and secure, plans are well in hand for eventual disposal. World Nuclear Association

19 The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear power accident debate Myth Truth Many people died as a result of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident There were no direct deaths linked to the power plant accident. All the deaths were due to the Tsunami A nuclear reactor can explode like a bomb People get most of their radiation dose from Nuclear power plants Its impossible for a reactor to explode like a nuclear weapon. These weapons contains Uranium enriched at very high levels compared to the enrichment of fuel for a Nuclear power plant We are surrounded by naturally occurring radiation. In America only 0.005% of radiation dose comes from nuclear power.

20 Future of nuclear power 66 new nuclear projects under construction today, 435 currently in operation; 26 China 10 Russia 7 3 India South Korea 5* U.S. 2 Japan 2 Taiwan 2 Slovakia 1 Finland 1 Brazil 1 Argentina 1 France Source: World Nuclear Association - April 2012 *Watts Bar 2, Summer 2,3 & Vogtle 3, Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. 11

21 References IAEA ( 2007) Milestones in the Development of Nuclear national Infrastructure for Nuclear power, IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NG G Kenya country report dated 16 April 2012 presented at the Technical aspects on feasibility, contracting and construction of a nuclear plant conference from 16 th to 27 th April 2012, Danjeon, Republic of Korea. Least Cost Power Development Plan 2011/2031 Chesire Edwin, The role of nuclear power programme in kenya a paper presented at the sustainable research and innovation conference from 24 th -26 th April 2013, JKUAT, Kenya

22 Thank You Kenya Vision