LNG systems for natural gas propelled ships

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1 LNG systems for natural gas propelled ships Jaroslaw Polinski, Maciej Chorowski, Pawel Duda, Janusz Skrzypacz Wrocław University of Technology, Poland Cryogenic Engineering Conference (CEC 25) Tucson, AZ, USA June 28- July

2 Outline Problem s background Dual fuel engines Marine LNG tanks Gas fuel system overview Samso Ferry fuel gas system Conclusions

3 Emission Control Areas (ECA) DNV-GL

4 Emission limits in ECA Sulphur content in fuel Sulphur content in fuel L. Laugen, An Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of LNG and HFO as Marine Fuels, NTNU, Trondheim

5 Fuel alternatives for ECA P. SEMOLINOS, LNG as bunker fuel: Challenges to be overcome, TOTAL Gas & Power

6 Outline Problem s background Dual fuel engines Marine LNG tanks Gas fuel system overview Samso Ferry fuel gas system Conclusions

7 Dual fuel engines High pressure type - Diesel cycle gas is injected after oxidant air compression mixture in ignited by pilot liquid fuel (diesel) injection supplying gas pressure: bar oil fuel only when operating below % of the engine load problem with high emission in the ports or close-to-shore areas Low pressure type - Otto cycle gas and oxidant air are mixed before the mixture compression pilot fuel for mixture injection (as in HP engines) supplying gas pressure: 5 7 bar low emission at low engine loads risk of unintended (knocking) ignition max 80% of full load if engine works in the gas mode

8 Outline Problem s background Dual fuel engines Marine LNG tanks Gas fuel system overview Gas utilization systems overview Samso Ferry fuel gas system Conclusions

9 LNG vessel types Membrane tanks non-self-supporting consist of a thin layer (membrane) supported through insulation by the adjacent hull structure MAWP < 0.25 barg if the hull structure is of proper design MAWP < 0.7 barg capacity: m 3 high production costs

10 LNG vessel types Independent A-type designed using classical ship-structural analysis procedure are required to have a full secondary barrier MAWP < 0.25 barg if the hull structure is of proper design MAWP < 0.7 barg capacity: m 3

11 LNG vessel types Independent B-type similar to A-type tanks are designed using model tests, sophisticated analytical tools and analysis methods to determine stress levels, fatigue life and crack propagation characteristics are required to have a partial secondary barrier

12 LNG vessel types Independent C-type (pressure vessels) MAWP > 0.7 barg usually cylindrical shape presently capacity: up to m 3 future capacity: up to 2000 m 3 relatively cheap small hull volume fulfillment ratio can be installed in the new-building and for upgraded existing ships

13 Outline Problem s background Dual fuel engines Marine LNG tanks Gas fuel system overview Samso Ferry fuel gas system Conclusions

14 Fuel gas systems schemes PD Gas to engine p= 5 7 bar g Non-pressure vessels (membrane type, A- type and B-type tanks) LNG Pump VAP WG MAWP = 0.7 bar g Oper. pres. < 0.7 bar g LNG centrifugal pump LNG evaporated and warmed-up in the VAP with water-glycol (WG) brine Pressure pulsation dumper (PD) is required Low exploitation costs High installation costs

15 Fuel gas systems schemes PD Gas to engine p= 5 7 bar g Pressure vessels with gravity-based PBU VAP WG Pressure in the tank produced in pressure built-up unit (PBU) MAWP = 10 bar g Oper. pres. 5-7 bar g PBU WG Pressure in the tank compatible with lowpressure engine requirements Lack of the mechanical gas compressors Simple and reliability design

16 Fuel gas systems schemes Gas to engine p= 5 7 bar g Pressure vessels with forced flow thought PBU VAP LNG pump for PBU WG Whole LNG evaporated in the PBU (larger size) LNG Pump PBU WG VAP for gas warm-up only (smaller size) PD is no necessary MAWP = 10 bar g Oper. pres. 5-7 bar g

17 Fuel gas systems schemes PD Gas to engine p= bar g Systems for highpressure engine VAP Compressor WG Whichever previously discussed scheme is used here the multistage gas compressor after VAP is necessary MAWP = 10 bar g Oper. pres. 5-7 bar g PBU WG

18 Outline Problem s background Dual fuel engines Marine LNG tanks Gas fuel system overview Samso Ferry fuel gas system Conclusions

19 Samso Ferry LNG dual-fuel ship Shipowner : Samso Kommune (DK) Samso Island Ship manufacturer: Remontowa Shipyard Ltd.(PL) LNG Fuel System: Design: Wroclaw University of Technology (PL) LNG Tank production: FUO Rumia Ltd. (PL) Cold-box and auxiliaries production: KrioSystem Ltd. Wroclaw (PL) Classification society: DNV-GL (N, PL)

20 Simplified P&ID of samso Ferry fuel gas system LNG from ext. station Bunkering station Vacuum Insulation Gas-fired Water Boiler Tank Storage Room To Vent Mast Vent Line Tank safety and vent system Bunkering Line safety and vent system Tank Connecting Space WG LNG Tank PT PBU PT TT FT LT Gas to engine VAP WG

21 LNG Tank under construction at Remontowa LNG System Ltd, Poland (former FUO Rumia)

22 LNG tank connection space under construction at KrioSystem Ltd, Poland

23 LNG tank with integrated TCS transport to the ship

24 LNG tank with integrated TCS view from the ship tank room

25 Outline Problem s background Dual fuel engines Marine LNG tanks Gas fuel system overview Samso Ferry fuel gas system Conclusions

26 Conclusions LNG is the most prospectus marine fuel in Emission Control Areas The selection of the fuel gas system should be made in respect of: ship size, design and application gas engine type expected sailing range in the gas mode WrUT in cooperation with Polish industry have developed, designed, produced, installed and successfully commissioned the first Polish fuel gas system for ship s propulsion purpose

27 LNG TANK you for your attention