Measuring Environmental Impacts - Air

Transcription

1 BC Hydro Provincial Integrated Electricity Plan Committee Meeting #2 (Technical Working Sessions) Measuring Environmental Impacts - Air Tim Lesiuk Senior Environmental Coordinator Climate Change Management Sustainability

2 4/4/05 Page 2

3 Air Emissions of Interest Oxides of Nitrogen (NO X ) Oxides of Sulphur (SO X ) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Fine Particulates (PM 10 and PM 2.5) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Ammonia (NH 3 ) Mercury (Hg) Arsenic (As) Other toxics and trace metals Greenhouse Gasses (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, SF 6 ) CO 2 e 4/4/05 Page 3

4 Air Emissions Sources Combustion and Fugitive Emissions Process, Combustion and Fugitive Emissions Combustion emissions Combustion and Process Emissions Resource Extraction Fuel Processing and Transport Electricity Generation Material Disposal Evaluation Boundaries 4/4/05 Page 4

5 Air Emissions Control Wet Scrubbers Carbon Adsorption Incineration Condensation Electrostatic Precipitators Sequestration Offsetting 4/4/05 Page 5

6 Response Human Health Impacts Ecological Impacts Infrastructure Impacts Agricultural Impacts Linear Function Non-Linear Function Function with Fertilizer Effect Function with Threshold Dose 4/4/05 Page 6

7 Oxides of Nitrogen (NO X ) Respiratory Morbidity cerebrovascular hospital admissions, congestive heart failure, chronic bronchitis, chronic cough in children, lower respiratory symptoms, cough in asthmatics Mortality reduction in life expectancy due to short andlong term exposure Eye Irritation Biological Mutation 4/4/05 Page 7

8 Oxides of Nitrogen (NO X ) Marine and Aquatic Eutrophication Oxygen depletion and fish mortality Acid Rain Agricultural and infrastructure damage Reduced Visibility Global Warming (N 2 O) 4/4/05 Page 8

9 Oxides of Sulphur (SO X ) Cardio-pulmonary Morbidity hospitalization, consultation of doctor, asthma, sick leave, restricted activity Mortality reduction in life expectancy due to short and long term exposure 4/4/05 Page 9

10 Oxides of Sulphur (SO X ) Acid Rain Agricultural yield reduction Infrastructure decay Soil acidification and ecosystem alteration Reduced Visibility 4/4/05 Page 10

11 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) NO X +VOC = Ground Level Ozone Morbidity respiratory hospital admissions, restricted activity days, asthma attacks, symptom days Mortality reduction in life expectancy due to short and long term exposure 4/4/05 Page 11

12 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Ground Level Ozone Agricultural yield reduction Forest yield reduction Reduced Visibility 4/4/05 Page 12

13 Fine Particulates (PM 10 and PM 2.5) Cardio-pulmonary Morbidity cerebrovascular hospital admissions, congestive heart failure, chronic bronchitis, chronic cough in children, lower respiratory symptoms, cough in asthmatics Mortality reduction in life expectancy due to short andlong term exposure 4/4/05 Page 13

14 Fine Particulates (PM 10 and PM 2.5) Reduced Visibility Infrastructure Decay 4/4/05 Page 14

15 Carbon Monoxide (CO) Cardio-vascular Morbidity Mortality Congestive heart failure 4/4/05 Page 15

16 Ammonia (NH 3 ) Respiratory Morbidity cerebrovascular hospital admissions, congestive heart failure, chronic bronchitis, chronic cough in children, lower respiratory symptoms, cough in asthmatics Mortality reduction in life expectancy due to short andlong term exposure Eye Irritation 4/4/05 Page 16

17 Mercury (Hg) Morbidity Neurotoxin Bioaccumulative 4/4/05 Page 17

18 Arsenic (As) Other toxics and trace metals Cancers and Other Morbidity 4/4/05 Page 18

19 Greenhouse Gasses (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, SF 6 ) CO 2 e Rising sea level Coastal inundation Severe weather events Insect infestation Increased spread of infectious disease Increased incidence and magnitude of Forest Fire 4/4/05 Page 19

20 Air Emissions Pathways Generating Technology Emission Factor Burden Dispersion Model Concentration Field Dose/Response Function Impact Monetary Valuation Damage 4/4/05 Page 20

21 Air Emissions Pathways Emission Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry Dry Deposition Foliar Uptake Physiological Damage Pest resistance Leaching Growth Appearance Biomass Allocation Death Wet Deposition Soil Acidification Mobilization of Heavy Metals Root Damage Nutrient Loss Pest Resistance 4/4/05 Page 21 Value of Produce Breeding Costs Land Prices Soil Conditioning

22 Air Emissions Costs 4/4/05 Page 22

23 Air Emissions Costs 4/4/05 Page 23

24 Air Emissions Regulation Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA 1999) Eighty-two substances determined to be toxic regulated directly or through equivalency provisions Provincial Environmental Management Act (EMA 2004) All emissions mentioned are currently regulated under these two acts except for greenhouse gas emissions Emissions regulation is generally threshold-based and region-specific with permit fees not directly related to emission impact Greenhouse gas regulation is intended to be emission- specific and directly related to impact 4/4/05 Page 24

25 Air Emissions Evaluation Provincial Integrated Electricity Plan Committee Needs to Decide: What evaluation boundaries will be used to evaluate emissions What impacts are important What emissions are representative of those impacts What are legitimate costs for those impacts Source Attribute Impact Cost 4/4/05 Page 25

26 BC Hydro Provincial Integrated Electricity Plan Committee Meeting #2 (Technical Working Sessions) Measuring Environmental Impacts - Air Tim Lesiuk Senior Environmental Coordinator Climate Change Management Sustainability