Call for a Green China - Hubei. Water Management by Objective. Lars Skov Andersen COWI China

Transcription

1 Call for a Green China - Hubei Water Lars Skov Andersen COWI China

2 Content CN text Water quality strategy for the Upper Yangtze Basin in Sichuan and Chongqing A one dimensional objective The EU Water Framework Directive A multidimensional objective 1

3 Upper Yangtze Basin CN text 750,000 km million people 15 major cities with 6.7 million people Yellow River Jinsha - Yangtze River 6 major tributaries Yangtze River 1996 Data 2

4 mg/l Baseline Analysis Jinsha & Yangtze River 1994 Ammonia-N 1.25 Class III 1.00 Class III Class II 0.75 March Class II August km Panzhihua Yibin Luzhou Chongqing Fuling Wanxian Neither Class III nor Class II water quality objective violated 5

5 nos/litre Urban Environment 120,000 Total coliform bacteria concentration in Jialing & Yangtze River 100, , No treatment 80,000 60,000 Jialing - Yangtze confluence 40,000 20,000 Class III Class III km Beibei Jialing River Yangtze River Fuling Chongqing Conclusion: Necessary to stop diffuse discharges or wastewater 6

6 mg/l Baseline Analysis Tuo River 1994 Ammonia-N Chengdu City March August Class III 5.00 Junction of Puyang and Tuo Neijiang City 2.50 Class III Puyang Tuo 200 River km Class III water quality objective violated significantly 7

7 Water Quality Strategy 1. Urban environment Construct intercepting sewers in all cities to stop diffuse discharges and enable centralised discharge and treatment downstream of cities 2. Rivers 1 - invest in primary treatment in all cities and towns 2 - invest in secondary wastewater treatment in cities on tributaries 3 - defer (delay) investment in secondary treatment in cities on the Yangtze River 3. Three Gorges Reservoir Reduce diffuse discharges from rural areas 8

8 Wastewater Plan Tributaries Yangtze Phase Cities Towns Industry Cities Towns Industry I 75% % (CQ) - - II 100% 50% 50% 25% (CQ) - 50% (CQ) III 100% 90% 90% 25% (CQ) - 100% (CQ) Phase I Phase II Phase III

9 Improvement Sichuan & Chongqing Investment Industry City water supply Upper Yangtze Basin Improvement of water quality objective City Wastewater Diversion of flow Remaining Phase III Phase I Towns wastewater Phase II Million USD Phase I Phase II Phase III Subtotal City water supply City wastewater 1, ,810 Town wastewater 250 2,000 3,750 6,000 Industry wastewater HRD Total 1,755 2,880 4,365 9,000 Approximately 66 billion RMB 10

10 2006 Water Quality Sichuan C lass IV 18% C lass V 3% C lass V+ 11% C lass I 12% C lass II 32% C lass III 24% 11

11 Status 2008 The Strategy resulted in new Master Plans for water and wastewater for 15 cities Intercepting sewers are given priority, often associated with embankments and river side recreational areas Independent wastewater companies have been formed A wastewater discharge fee was introduced A wastewater treatment fee is being introduced gradually In 2003 Chongqing had the highest water and wastewater fee in China HRD (< 1% of budget) has been neglected causing low efficiency of wastewater treatment plants Investments are well ahead of plan (2008) 12

12 WFD Objective Achieve good status of all water by 2015 Good status is a condition that deviates only slightly from the undisturbed state 13

13 Defining "good status"? Good status is the second highest quality class Good status is defined by scientific research and inter-calibration Identify natural background conditions Identify reference sites or extrapolate conditions Inter-calibrate between river basins to ensure comparable results 14

14 Types of water bodies Surface water good ecological and chemical status Biology Chemistry Hydrology Morphology Groundwater good quantitative and chemical status Groundwater level Chemistry Exception! Heavily modified and artificial water bodies Good ecological potential (water quality) 15

15 Improvement projects Habitat Morphology 生境 Water Quality 水质 Flow Regime 水流 16

16 Conclusion Efficient improvement and protection of the water environment requires management by objective integrated river basin management all sectors contributing to the objective and not Nine Dragons fighting! Thank you 17