Futuristic Sustainable Glazing

Transcription

1 Futuristic Sustainable Glazing International Conference on Green Buildings October 2013, Chennai Francis Serruys Arch. Projects Market and R&D Director Agenda Introduction Static solutions Coated glass Energy efficiency Daylighting Dynamic glass Eclectrochromic glass Life Cycle Analysis Conclusion

2 What does it mean sustainability? INTRODUCTION Sustainability Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Bruntland report, 1987

3 Sustainability ENVIRONMENT Natural resources management Energy Water Bio-diversity Emissions Waste SOCIAL livable sustainable ENVIRONMENT viable SOCIAL Recruitment and non-discrimination Diversity Training Health and safety fair ECONOMY ECONOMY Transparency Governance Business ethics Fight against corruption 5 The environment, THE challenge! Global warming -> in temperature from 1.8 to 4 C by > Greenland melting = in sea-level by 7m Air, soil and water pollution -> 1 year lost by every European due to air pollution -> 25% of Europe s waterways polluted at an extreme level Water stress -> By 2025, the share of the world s population living in water stress areas will go up by 35 % (i.e. 1/3 of the global population) -> Over one billion people will lack water by

4 The environment, THE challenges! Pressure on the world's natural resources -> 4.5 planets required (if US model) -> 2030: need for 2 planets Progression de l'empreinte ecologique de l'humanité* Deteriorating biodiversity -> 22% of mammals endangered or extinct -> Insect pollenization = 153Bn/year of revenues in fruit and vegetables Waste production -> Half a ton of waste per person and per year in Europe -> 60% still put in landfills or incinerated 7 And the building sector in all that? It represents: -> + 50% of all materials extracted on earth -> 44% of total European energy consumption -> about one third of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4,..) in Europe Source: Glass for Europe -> 33% of waste generated in Europe 8

5 Challenges for Architectural Glass 1. Energy Efficiency 2. Daylighting 3. Overall comfort Coated glass STATIC SOLUTIONS

6 Light and Solar Energy solar energy (W/m²) UV visible 3% % 760 Infra-red 55% Wavelength (nm) Combining g & LT 1 Light Transmittance LT 0.5 Optimal characteristics in Northern areas Optimal characteristics in hot climates Solar factor g solar heat gain coefficient SHGC 1

7 Actual situation LT 1 Summer Winter Monolithic / dgu Body tinted glass 0.5 Pyrolitic solar control glass g Off-line solar control coated glass High reflective Coating stacks Glass Solar Reflective Glass Ag Single Silver Coated Glass (Solar & Thermal) Verre Total thickness of the coating < 1000 Å or 100 nm

8 Coating stack double and triple silver layered coatings Ag - Silver Verre Total thickness of the coating < 2000 Å or 200 nm Solar Control Coated glass LT 1 Monolithic / dgu 0.5 Body tinted glass Pyrolitic solar control glass g Off-line solar control coated glass High Reflective Off-line solar control coated glass High Performance

9 Triple silver high performance coatings Evolution of the very high selective and high selective range Double silver coated glass light transmission (%) Triple silver coated glass Triple silver coated glass solar factor (g) Double or triple glazing units? ENERGY EFFICIENCY

10 Methodology 4,3 m² wwr 30% Sensitivity study Building parameters : Global level of insulation * 2 Glazed surface *3 Shape of the room *2 Orientation: Northern & Southern No shading devices Climates: Paris, Strasbourg, La Rochelle, Nice, Carpentras 7,2 m² wwr 50% 4*5m 11,5 m² wwr 80% 20m² 4*8m 32m² 19 Main results DGU vs TGU with both a high performance solar control coating TGU with solar control coating is better than DGU 20

11 Daylighting STATIC SOLUTIONS ~ ENERGY EFFICIENCY Glazing: a solution in terms of natural lighting Barely glazed room Largely glazed room Opening index + 49% 16.4% 24.5% Average autonomy in natural light 43% 72% Electricity consumed - 36% 4.2 kwh.m 2.year 2.7 kwh.m 2.year 22

12 Selectivity or Light to Solar Gain LSG = ratio of visible light transmittance to the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) or solar factor g = LT/SHGC = LSG the more efficient the glazing is as a light source Overall efficiency Selectivity - LSG LT Body tinted glass Selectivity < 1 Pyrolitic solar control glass < g Off-line solar control coated glass High Reflective ~1 ~1.4 Off-line solar control coated glass High Performance ~1.8 ~2.1

13 ... and preserves so your brilliant so view smart it s and Glass destined it connection belongs so cool to in be it to the draws a the masterpiece boardroom outdoors a crowd A look into the future? ACTIVE GLAZING

14 Impact of Façade Technologies on Energy Usage in US Building Stock Integrated Insulating Dynamic Façades Highly Insulating Dynamic Windows Heating Cooling Lighting Facade technology Triple pane low-e Dynamic low-e Low-e Average Properties of Windows Sold Today Current Building Stock Arasteh et al., LBNL report number Annual Energy Usage, Quads Active glazing : technologies Suspended particle device Photochromic Thermotropic Electrochromic

15 Suspended Particle Device (SPD system) Mechanism Particles in a film are oriented perpendicular to it s surface by an electrical field light properties Light blue Electr. elektrische Dark blue Transparent Spannung Field Transparent T VIS = 39% 5 % g = 55 % 37 % light Suspended Particle Device (SPD system)

16 Photochromic glazing Mechanism Light energy induces metalic ions to migrate and coagulate. This agglomerations absorbs light (e.g. sun glasses) Properties transparent solar light energy darker transparent T VIS ~ 70 % 16 % SF ~ 50 % 25 % Thermotropic Glazing Mechanism Temperature dependent phase separation of polymer blends or aqueous polymer suspensions Properties solar transparent heating energy T VIS = 63 % SF = 49 % white translucent 8 % 18 % thermotropic layer

17 Thermotropic glazing switching behaviour % % haze Haze Transmission light transmission lumineuse Température Temperature [ C] ( C) Watanabe - Tokyo

18 Electrochromic glazing ACTIVE GLAZING How does EC-glazing works? Clear State

19 How does EC-glazing works? Tinted State Low voltage DC Argon filled Low-e coating (surface 2) What s happening?

20 Electrochromic glass Mode LT% g Ug [W/m².K] Double glazing unit 6 16 Ar 6 Clear 61% 0,42 1,1 Intermediate state 1 21% 0,14 1,1 Intermediate state 2 6% 0,07 1,1 Dark 2% 0,05 1,1 Triple glazing unit 6-12 A A - 6 Clear 55% 0,38 0,8* Intermediate state 1 19% 0,12 0,8* Intermediate state 2 5% 0,06 0,8* Dark 1% 0,04 0,8* * In combination with a low-e coating Actual products on the market Typical: Dark and clear mode + 2 intermediate states Transmission rate = 3:1 61% TL 42% g 21% TL 14% g 6% TL 7% g 2% TL 5% g

21 EC Dynamic Range 41 Case Studies Shiley Hall Portland, OR Chabot College Hayward, CA NREL Lakewood, CO Century College White Bear Lake, MN Club Porticello Oconomowoc, WI Siemens Hutchinson, KS Ball State Muncie, IN Landis Hall Greenwich, CT Department of Energy Washington, DC Kirksey Architecture Houston, TX 42

22 Chabot College, Hayward, CA 43 Landis Hall, Greenwich, CT 44

23 Landis Hall, Greenwich, CT 45 Ball State University, Muncie, IN 46

24 Club Porticello, Oconomowoc, WI 47 Key Benefits of EC glazing *Estimates provided by Lawrence Berkeley National Lab

25 Power consumption Average During Tinting Typical Daily Average Power Per Unit Area Watts /m Electricity consumed Power up to 200 sq.m. of EC glass for the equivalent of powering a 60 watt light bulb Sustainability: not only during the life time of a product LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS

26 What are Eco-labels? A voluntary process An aid to decision-making? A multiple and sometimes confusing source of information! 51 Green allegations organic substance X-free biodegradable sustainable reduced VOC content natural green responsible ecological eco-product 52

27 The position of the major industries on labels Complexity 1. Self-declared labels 2. 3rd party certified 3. LCA based and positioning 1. To be avoided 2. Support international initiatives and take part in harmonizing them 3. Option to be promoted A 2D concept From cradle To grave Production Transport Product life Endof-life Energy consumption???? Water consumption???? Natural resources???? Etc???? All environmental impacts Both dimensions are needed to evaluate the environmental impact of a product 54

28 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) So, LCA is: An analysis framed by international standards (ISO) ISO & Inventorying the environmental impacts of a product (multi-criteria) Right throughout its lifecycle, from cradle to grave (multi-stages) => A snapshot of the environmental footprint Interests of the process 1. Know the environmental footprint of the product 2. Improve the product (eco-design) 3. Assess the improvement thanks to a second LCA, always on an scientific way 55 The Glass LifeCycle Raw materials Sand, Dolomite Soda ash, Limestone + sealant + spacer But also: Energy Cullet Water Manufacturing flat glass Surface treatment (coating) Processing Laminated Tempered Enameled Double/triple glazing Transport End-of-life Demolition / renovation of building Utilization Installation, Maintenance Cleaning

29 LCA provides a great deal of information Consumption of energy natural resources Consumption of non-energy natural resources Water consumption Energy consumption Emissions in the air Emissions in the water Emissions in the ground Eliminated waste Climate change On the full lifecycle Reclaimed waste And more 57 Eco-innovation What is eco-design? Integrating the environment at all stages (as upstream as possible) of developing a product Parameters

30 The only way to measure the footprint of the total building Next step: the environmental labeling? Bel M example 8 criteria 3 phases 1 algorithm one global score Possible comparison 60

31 Sustainability CONCLUSION Conclusion The actual design of contemporary buildings calls for more sustainable solutions. The challenge for the glass industry and their suppliers consists in combining the design requirements with the sustainable criteria for an optimal use of the energy resources and a better comfort for the occupants.

32 Conclusion Improvement of existing solutions and the development of new technologies are part of the strategy for more high-performance, sustainable buildings. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!