Shanti Pless, LEED AP NREL, Commercial Buildings Research Group 10/18/2013

Transcription

1 Shanti Pless, LEED AP NREL, Commercial Buildings Research Group 10/18/2013

2 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

3 WHO IS PURSUING NET ZERO ENERGY?

4 Let s Review NREL background What is Net Zero? Energy performance based acquisition Net Zero design Construction innovation for Net Zero How is it working? Additional NREL projects and industry uptake Questions Maximum Efficiency with Deep Integration 4

5 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Snapshot Only National Laboratory Dedicated Solely to Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Leading clean-energy innovation for 34 years 1740 employees with world-class facilities Campus is a living model of sustainable energy Owned by the Department of Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy Golden, Colorado Main Campus Wind Technology Site

6 Scope of Mission Energy Efficiency Renewable Energy Systems Integration Market Focus Residential Buildings Commercial Buildings Personal and Commercial Vehicles Solar Wind and Water Biomass Hydrogen Geothermal Grid Infrastructure Distributed Energy Interconnection Battery and Thermal Storage Private Industry Federal Agencies Defense Dept. State/Local Govt. International Transportation

7 What We Do Advanced Commercial Buildings Research, through applied research and demonstration, supports DOE s speed-and-scale goals to reduce building energy use. Focus areas: Whole-building systems integration Comprehensive building energy modeling Cutting-edge energy efficiency technologies Systematic performance metrics and monitoring Our team s key strength lies in combining all these tools to design well-integrated new buildings and cost-effective retrofits. 7

8 Net Zero Energy Guiding Concepts Buildings can meet all of their energy needs from renewable sources Demand side first, then supply side Net zero using grid for energy balance Prioritize renewable energy options Within Footprint On-site Off-site? Operations goal to align full project delivery Lots of Room for Interpretation

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10 Definitions of NZEB s Net Zero Site Energy Net Zero Source Energy Net Zero Emissions Net Zero Energy Cost Boundaries and metrics ZEB:A ZEB:D The Definition used WILL impact the ZEB design strategies!

11 NZEB Approach Maximize space efficiency Envelope and orientation to reduce loads Well insulated roofs, walls, floors, windows (with shading) Envelope and orientation to meet loads Daylighting Passive solar heating, Trombe walls Natural ventilation Lighting design to match daylighting Plug loads Design vs. owner loads Climate specific HVAC designed for the remaining loads Commissioning (making sure the building works) Metering and evaluation Make it simple Site specific renewable generation within footprint, site, off-site

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13 California PUC 2030 Massachusetts 2030 Federal / EISA 2030 ASHRAE Vision Challenge Living Building Challenge

14 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)

15 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)

16 New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012)

17 13 1K-5K K-10K 10K-25K 25K-50K New Buildings Institute Getting to Zero 2012 Status Update: A First Look at the Costs and Features of Zero Energy Commercial Buildings (March 2012) K-100K >100K

18 13,600 SF Higher Education Oberlin, OH Image courtesy of NREL PIX

19 3,600 SF Interpretive Center Kona, HI

20 10,000 SF Office Building San Jose, CA Image courtesy of EHDD Architecture

21 2,968 SF Higher Education Eureka, MO Image courtesy of inhabitat.com

22 6,246 SF Interpretive Center Rhinebeck, NY Image courtesy of BNIM

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24 220,00 SF Office Building Golden, CO Image courtesy of RNL

25 138,000 SF Office Building Golden, CO Image courtesy of RNL

26 335,000 SF Office and Shop Buildings Sacramento, CA Image courtesy of RNL and Stantec

27 330,000 SF Museum San Francisco, CA Image courtesy of EHDD Architecture and Integral Group

28 40,000 SF Office Building Los Altos, CA Image courtesy of EHDD Architecture and Integral Group

29 50,000 SF Office Building Seattle WA Image courtesy of Bullitt Foundation and Miller Hull Partnership

30 40,000 SF Historic Renovation GSA Courthouse Grand Junction, CO Image courtesy of GSA, Beck Group and Westlake Reed Leskosky

31 500,000 SF Office Building Singapore Image courtesy of RNL

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33 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

34 DOE / NREL: Client Haselden Construction: General Contractor RNL: Architecture, Interiors, Landscape, Lighting Stantec: MEP Engineering, Energy Modeling KL&A: Structural Engineering Martin/Martin: Civil Engineering AEC: LEED, Daylight Modeling, Commissioning Namaste Solar: Solar Consultant

35 NREL Campus

36 Research Support Facility Vision Credit: RNL A showcase for sustainable, high-performance design o Incorporates the best in energy efficiency, environmental performance, and advanced controls using a whole-building integrated design process Serves as a model for cost-competitive, high-performance commercial buildings for the nation s design construction, operation, and financing communities

37 NREL Campus Today 37

38 NREL Research Support Facilities (RSF)

39 DOE/NREL Research Support Facility: Project Goals Credit: Haselden Construction More than 800 people in DOE office space on NREL s campus 220,000 ft 2 Design/build process with required energy goals 35 kbtu/ft 2 50% energy savings LEED Platinum Replicable Process Technologies Cost Site, source, carbon, cost ZEB:B Includes plugs loads and datacenter Firm fixed price of ~$64 million for first phase $259/ft 2 construction cost (not including $27/ft 2 for PV from PPA/ARRA) Open first phase June 10, 2010

40 NREL Campus Growth with Design-Build Procurement process attributes pre-2007: o Design-bid-build project delivery o LEED-driven sustainability goals Procurement process attributes post-2007: o Design-build project delivery with firm fixed price for >$400 Million of new facilities o o o o Specific energy performance requirements in the Request for Proposal RSF, office example: 35 kbtu/ft 2 /yr SEB, guard house example: net zero energy Energy modeling required to substantiate goals Energy end-use metering requirement Voluntary incentive ($) program to ensure measurement and verification outcome has a chance to meet predicted performance

41 Owner Best Practices Select a project delivery method that balances performance, best value, and cost savings. Encourages innovation Reduces owner s risk Faster construction and delivery Better cost control Makes optimal use of team members expertise Establishes measurable success criteria 41

42 Owner Best Practices Incorporate measureable energy use performance requirements into a performance-based design-build procurement process. Measurable goals are better From bad to good o I want a green building o Design a LEED <rating> building o Design a building to use 30% less energy than ASHRAE o Design a building to use less than 35,000 Btu/ft 2 o Design a [NET] ZERO ENERGY BUILDING Influencing purchasing decision the owner 42

43 Developing a Performance Based Request for Proposals Up-front planning drives success o Design charrettes o Based on industry best practices o Owner s representatives Design challenge o Suite of performance goals to challenge team o Substantiation criteria Tier 1: Mission Critical Goals Attain safe work/design LEED Platinum ENERGY STAR Plus Tier 2: Highly Desirable Goals 800 staff capacity 35 kbtu/ft 2 yr Architectural integrity Honor future staff needs Measurable ASHRAE 90.1 Support culture and amenities Expandable building Ergonomics Flexible workspace Support future technologies Documentation to produce how to manual Allow secure collaboration with visitors Completion by 2010 Tier 3: If Possible Goals Net-zero energy Most energy-efficient building in the world LEED Platinum Plus 50% better than ASHRAE 90.1 Visual displays of current energy efficiency Support public tours Achieve national and global recognition and awards 43

44 Energy Performance Based Design-Build Process Performance based design-build with absolute energy use requirements o These are NOT bridging documents. Owner has significant input into the preliminary design Some overlap of A/E costs o These ARE performance specifications. What something must do, not what it must be Subcontractor must substantiate that the design meets requirements Owner must not give the subcontractor technical direction No drawings/plans in RFP! Don t change your mind 44

45 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

46 A Value Addition Process 46

47 A value engineering process that adds value 47

48 How Much Did It Cost? $259/ft 2 construction costs for site work, infrastructure, and building o Includes interiors, furniture, and cabling o Does not include PV, land, or design costs Third-party-owned power purchase agreement for PV o $29/ft 2 or 11% additional cost if NREL had purchased all PV without tax breaks or subsidies (at $5/Watt) o At 2009 PV dollars o $2.50/Watt installed today! 48

49 Compare DC Federal Building - Other San Joaquin Comm. College - Other Fort Bragg Forces Command HQ - Gold National Association of Realtors - Silver Aircraft RSF - Silver Applied Research & Development - Platinum NASA Sustainability Base - Platinum Las Cruces Courthouse - Other 1800 Larimer - Platinum San Joaquin Admin Building - Gold Leprino Building - Other Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City - Other Arizona State University College of Nursing & Health - Gold Arizona State University School of Journalism - Silver Leo Trombatore Office - Silver Commerce City Civic Center - Silver Fernald Visitors Center - Platinum EPA Region 8 Headquarters - Other Dillard University - Gold RSF - Total Project Cost without PV - Platinum RSF - Total Construction Cost with PV - Platinum Ft. Lewis Barracks and Dinning - Silver Naval Facilities Southeast Engineering Operations Center - Other RSF Expansion - Total Construction Cost with PV - Platinum University of Denver Sturm College - Gold Bremerton BEQ - Certified Chevron Office - Other Omega Center - Platinum International Fund for Animal Welfare - Gold RSF - Total Construction Cost without PV - Platinum Ft. Carson Brigade/Battalion HQ - Gold Great River Energy Headquarters - Platinum The Signature Centre - Platinum RSF Expansion - Total Construction Cost without PV - Platinum Kitsap County Admin Building - Other NVCI Cancer Research - Silver Heifer International Center - Platinum $460 $442 $418 $412 $393 $384 $371 $369 $354 $326 $318 $316 $311 $308 $298 $293 $291 $288 $284 $281 $275 $273 $271 $266 $266 $259 $259 $254 $253 $247 $246 $240 $215 $201 $530 $521 $503 Data used by permission from the Design-Build project database hosted by DBIA at 49

50 Replicable Cost Control Review Firm fixed price with required energy goals in designbuild contract Integrated architecture and envelope as efficiency measures Simple and commercially viable No unique technologies required Modular precast wall panels with minimal finishes Optimized glazing area Repeatable office floorplate Takes a coordinated effort with the owner (and all user groups), architect, builder, and engineers 50

51 Floor Plans Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 4 n Credit: RNL

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54 1 60 ft. Wide Office Wings 2 Interior Thermal Mass 3 Thermal Labyrinth 4 Daylighting 5 Natural Ventilation 6 Low Window to Wall Ratio 7 Transpired Solar Collectors 8 Open Workplace

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57 Energy driven form 115,000 SF Conventional form 65,000 SF

58 Thermal Mass in Envelope Incorporates many passive heating and cooling techniques. Six inches of concrete on the interior provides thermal mass that helps moderate internal temperatures year round. Nighttime purges in summer months trap cool air inside, keeping temperatures comfortable for the warm summer days. 58

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60 <30% Window to Wall Ratio >70% Window to Wall Ratio

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62 Daylighting and Direct Gain

63 Daylighting and Internal Gain Reductions Daylight re-directed to cold ceiling No direct solar gain on occupants 47% savings in plug loads 0.40 W/ft 2 peak office equipment 63

64 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

65 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

66 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

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73 HVAC Systems Radiant space heating and cooling in office spaces Dedicated outdoor air with underfloor delivery VAV and Displacement Cooling in conference spaces Natural ventilation Automatic and manual windows Security waiver

74 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

75 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

76 Construction Innovation 5 days per deck allowed 2 days per deck 85% faster Offsite pre-fab of zones Offsite pre-pressurized 76

77 RSF Addition 77

78 RSF Addition 138,000 sq. ft. 525 occupants $39 million expansion Building 17% more efficient than the RSF Cost savings of 5% $14/ft 2 cheaper 78

79 Off-Site Glazed Wall Panels 79

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81 RSF Addition Daylighting Enhancements

82 User Friendly Windows

83 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

84 Photovoltaics RSF PV C-Wing PV RSF Addition PV PV contractor involved with installation Installation technique improvements Standing Seam Roof

85 PRODUCTIVITY Please estimate how your productivity is increased or decreased by the environmental conditions in this building (e.g., thermal, lighting, acoustics, cleanliness): Credit: CBE (Gail Brager and Margaret Pigman) 76% of the respondents felt that their productivity was improved by the IEQ conditions in the building

86 EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION

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88 SAVE A SEAT FOR YOUR DESIGN- BUILD TEAM?

89 Process for Replication at Scale World Class Efficiency is Possible within our Construction Budgets! Spend the time to get RFP right Include absolute EUI requirements if possible Set up acquisition process to force integrated design Energy modeling guides conceptual design decisions Architecture and envelope are also efficiency measures Unwavering commitment to problem statement Unleash power of design/build team of experts to meet your needs true value engineering Commit to your objectives and don t adjust 89

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91 DOE/NREL Research Support Facility RFP Design/Build Requirements: 50% energy cost savings over ASHRAE kbtu/ft 2 /yr Net zero energy use Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: Net zero energy use 36.4 kbtu/ft 2 /yr Demonstration of max efficiency in an institutional office building on typical construction budgets using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods $259/sqft construction costs $250/sqft - $300/sqft typical

92 DOE/NREL RSF 3 rd Wing RFP Design/Build Requirements: 27 kbtu/ft 2 /yr 50% Energy Cost Savings Performance assurance plan with incentives Design/Build Results: 20 kbtu/ft 2 /yr measured Demonstration of additional cost savings, energy efficiency, and schedule gains over phase 1 17 % more efficient than the RSF Cost savings of 5% ($14/ft 2 cheaper)

93 DOE/NREL 1800 Car Staff Parking Garage Design/Build Requirements: 0.5 kbtu/ft kbtu/stall Net-zero energy Site Entrance Building Design/Build Results: 90% Energy cost savings 138 kbtu/parking stall $14,172 per parking space $15,500 to $24,500 for typical parking space in Denver area

94 DOE/NREL Cafeteria RFP Design/Build Requirements: 35% energy cost savings over ASHRAE 90.1 Best in class commercial kitchen equipment Performance assurance plan with incentives LEED Gold Design/Build Results: 36% energy savings Demonstration of max efficiency in a commercial kitchen using energy performance based design/build delivery and procurement methods LEED Platinum

95 DOE/NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility Design/Build Requirements: 27 kbtu/ft 2 Office wing 1.06 PUE Super computer No mechanical cooling Waste heat reuse 30% savings for all labs Design/Build Results: 26 kbtu/ft 2 Office wing World class efficient super computer 36% savings in labs

96 Influencing New High Performance Buildings "It may sound corny, but after seeing the RSF, it really was the first day of the second half of my career. I saw the integration at RSF, the total comprehensive thinking, and thought, 'I've got to get involved in a project that's going in this direction.' Kenner Kingston Director of Sustainability for ARCHITECTURAL NEXUS, INC. Designing an administrative office space in the area of Salt Lake City, Utah. "We've had quite a bit of input from NREL, and my visit to the RSF showed me the opportunities to be deeply energy efficient. The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority is partnering with us and contributing funding to the design effort. Robert R. Bland Senior director for energy and sustainability with Cornell University "It was very impressive, the degree to which NREL is monitoring the things that people are doing on their side of the plugs. We'd known that we could do dramatic things with efficient refrigerators, dishwashers, and lighting, but the fact that NREL was paying so much attention to the real work side of the house the computers, monitors, printers, and task lights caused us to go back and look at our IT really carefully. Denis Hayes Bullitt Foundation President Credit: Dennis Schroeder, Courtesy of Kilograph 2012 Credit: Dennis Schroeder 96

97 Final Thoughts Net zero energy Easy to understand Important to define Evolving industry Small to large Varied value justification Energy security Market leadership Mission alignment Federal and state requirements LEED Platinum PLUS net zero energy?

98 Thanks and Questions Shanti Pless 98