Renewable energy policy in the EU: Directive 2009/28/EC, implications for national renewable energy strategies, and lessons learned

Transcription

1 Renewable energy policy in the EU: Directive 2009/28/EC, implications for national renewable energy strategies, and lessons learned Dr Marzena Chodor, Key Expert 25 September 2013, Tbilisi

2 1. EU policy approach Contents Introduction to Directive 2009/28/EC 2. Key aspects Directive 2009/28/EC RE energy strategy 3. Potential of technologies 4. Discussion

3 Development of EU RE policy: approach Until 2008, RE development in legislative framework with non-binding targets: Directive 2001/77/EC Renewable Electricity Directive (share of RE in electricity generation of 21 % by 2010) Directive 2003/30/EC Biofuels Directive (share RE replacing petrol and diesel in transport of 5, 75 % by 2010) Other climate and energy efficiency initiatives are intertwined Commission review every 5 years with limited intervention

4 2001 RES target Non-binding member state level target to reach 12% Gross Domestic Energy Consumption by Each Member State had own target. No penalties for non-compliance. Only few Member States managed to reach the targets New policy approach required: To cover the inadequate rate of progress towards agreed targets To cover the need to foster renewable energy development in all Member States

5 2020 RES target EU-wide target: 20% of final energy consumed in EU supplied by renewable energy sources in Transport: a binding target for renewable energy in final energy consumption (in road transport) Binding target: Reviewed every 2 years. EU fines for noncompliance. Cooperation mechanism: Governments with a surplus of RES can transfer/sell this to other countries who have a deficit.

6 Directive 2009/28/EC The Directive: Mandatory, legally binding, national targets for RE sources (Consistent with a EU-wide target of 20 % by 2020) Covers energy consumption as a whole (incl. heating and cooling) Each MS shall ensure that share RE in transport is at least 10 % of final consumption. From 2012 only 5% of this target can be achieved by sustainable biofuels. Common framework for the promotion of energy from renewable sources Sets legal requirements for the Member States: Each MS prepare a National Renewable Energy Action plan (NREAP) Reform planning regimes Develop electricity grids

7 Sustainability criteria - biofuels A minimum set for greenhouse gas emission reduction compared to fossil fuels Ban on certain types of land: forest, wetlands, protected areas, Application of environmental criteria inside the EU (crosscompliance criteria) Reporting obligations on environmental issues

8 Member States targets - use of renewables in 2020 Shares of renewable energy, 2005 and Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Rep. Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxemb. Malta Netherl. Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden UK EU-27

9 Cooperation mechanisms Joint Projects New RE project in one Member State can be co-financed by another Member State and the production shared statistically between the two. Joint projects can also occur between a Member State and a third country, if the electricity produced is imported into the EU, e.g. from North Africa. Statistical transfer One Member State with surplus of RE can sell it statistically to another Member State Joint support scheme Two or more Member States agree to harmonize all or part of their support scheme Ensure transport of RE + priority access for renewable type of energy Share the RE production

10 RE strategy development RE strategy development at core of Directive 2009/28/EC through NREAPs (Minimum) steps towards strategy development: Establish target with indicative trajectory Calculate sectoral 2020 targets and estimated shares of RE sources in electricity, heating & cooling and transport Identify (priority) measures to achieve the set targets Assess the expected total contribution of each RE technology Assess the expected total contribution of energy efficiency and energy saving measures Guarantee of Origin of renewable energy produced mutually recognized NER300 programme: Financing 50% of relevant costs

11 RE targets by sectors GW 250 Each MS shall ensure to at least meet its national overall target in the 200 target and trajectory year Special attention paid in the Directive to: Sectors: Buildings, Transport Biomass (biofuels and bioliquids): 35-50% share in emission reduction efforts Heating and cooling Information provisions (certification, communication, etc.) Grid infrastructure development Energy efficiency and energy savings Contracting parties of the Energy Community Treaty are also under obligation to calculate a mandatory RES target

12 EU Member States NREAPs National Action Plans (NREAP): share of energy from renewable sources consumed in transport, production of electricity and heating, for These action plans must take into account effects of other energy efficiency measures on final energy consumption (the higher the reduction in energy consumption, the less energy from renewable sources will be required to meet the target, e.g. New EE Directive with 17%). These plans will also establish procedures for the reform of planning and pricing schemes and access to electricity networks, promoting energy from renewable sources.

13 Source: EEA/ECN ECN-E

14 6 months Monitoring obligations 1 year 2 years Forecast document NREAP Progress report Estimated excess RE production to be transferred to other MS Estimated demand for energy from RE Sectoral RE shares Functioning of support schemes Functioning of GoOs Evaluating administrative procedures to overcome barriers Use of biomass resources for energy Changes in commodity prices Share of biofuels from waste Net GHG emissions reductions from RE Excess RE production to be transferred Demand for RE (other than domestic production) How the share of biodegradable waste in waste for RE is estimated

15 EU RE policies: past and present Awareness campaigns Financial 75 Regulations Tradable permits Voluntary agreements 154

16 UK low carbon development strategy UK Target is 15 % RE sources in 2020 Currently around 3 % Seven fold increase RE required UK strategy is outlined in: UK low carbon transition plan 2020 which consists of a.o.: UK NREAP 2010 UK Renewable Energy Strategy 2009 Roadmap to 2050 Target: GHG emission reduction of 18 % by 2020

17 Potential mix : RE sources and technologies to reach the UK target in 2020

18 RE barriers in the UK Non-cost barriers: permitting procedure, administrative issues; NIMBY, the absence of participatory planning; Competing public interests; Local vs national taxation underdeveloped grid (need for enforced grid or grid extension) power grid access Technical barriers: eg. New metering, connection of microgeneration

19 UK Renewable Energy Strategy Three key components: Financial support for renewables Renewable Obligation, Feed in tariffs in electricity, Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO), Green Investment Bank, Renewable Heat Incentive Unblocking of barriers to delivery Planning system, supply chains, connection to the grid, etc. Smart grids Developing emerging technologies Offshore wind, Marine energy (wind and tidal), Anaerobic digestion facilities

20 Advantages of adopting RE Directive Development of stable electricity market Less dependency on imports, domestic job creation and competitiveness Conform to the Energy Community Treaty Obligations and commitments from the Treaty CO2 reduction and health impacts This Project is funded by the European Union Project implemented by Human Dynamics Consortium

21 Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources can be found at: J:L:2009:140:0016:0062:en:PDF

22 How to contact us: Clima East Office c/o Milieu Ltd Rue Blanche n Brussels, Belgium