Is the H2O on the Dark Side of the Moon. chloraminated? Bruce Stevens Eastern Regional Manager

Transcription

1 Is the H2O on the Dark Side of the Moon. chloraminated? Bruce Stevens Eastern Regional Manager

2 Stellar Origins P is formed by fusion of 2 oxygen atoms in large stars.. as are a few other elements AppliedSpectrometry Associates, Inc.

3 EPCOT begin a new era Reedy Creek Improvement District (RCID) Manages water, waste water and reclaimed water for the Disney resorts - ChemScan has assisted them since 1994 in operations AppliedSpectrometry Associates, Inc.

4 Every instrument has a useful range for a particular analyte. Often, you must determine that range experimentally. It s done by making a dilution set of known concentrations. These dilutions are used to make a working curve. Standard additions are also used to calibrate analyzers Some things can be seen but other times you can t

5 Monitoring your Surface WTPs

6 UV Absorbance, TSS & Turbidity

7 UV254,Turbs & TSS Experience has shown that sometimes turbs don t tell you everything So try TSS or UV Sometimes TSS correlates but sometimes color and dissolved organics affect the measurement In some cases 1-2 wavelength UV 254 works well but other times it won t correlate.. Will T CL be good enough, or do you really need nitrite and free ammonia to monitor nitrification. What about conductiviy, alkalinity,ph, ORP, chlorides, or other surrogates for GCMS??

8 Recent NOM studies by WR Foundation

9 River Water - TOC correlation 3.5 Hopewell TOC ChemScan vs Lab 3 R2 = TOC LAB

10 Photometric, Amperometric or Spectrometric Chatham County, NC - 3M tank w Sanford Feed Flow Fill and Draw Cycle Factory Program Reload on 02/14 Offset applied Chemical Feed F NH3 T NH3 2.5 Mono 2 T CL2 1.5 Test Kit FNH Test Kit Mono Test Kit TNH3 Test Kit TCL2

11 chemistry graphics (courtesy of Hach and TX CEQ)

12 Breakpoint as Measured by Free and Total Chlorine Analyzers A Total Chlorine result has 3 possible locations on the breakpoint curve Free Chlorine reacts with Monochloramine giving a false reading until beyond the Breakpoint First Indication of Free Chlorine is AFTER Dichloramine Formation

13 Distribution Nitrification Control Maintain Higher Chloramine Residual Higher Cl 2 : NH 3 -N Ratio (less Free NH3) Periodic Chlorine Shocks Higher Turnover in Reservoirs System Flushing Monitoring at Strategic Locations

14 Freese + Nichols Texas Water ppt 2010

15 City of Milwaukee, WI Side by Side with Hach APA-6000 Chloramination Monitoring at Two Sample Points One ChemScan replaces entire wall of equipment

16 Cl 2 :N Ratio Effects on THM and Flavor

17 Brominated organic compounds Courtesy Dr. Gregory Popr - Carollo

18 Lab spectrometer

19 Automation is Applied Sampling is Simplified

20 Spectroscopy Spectral Distribution of Radiant Energy Wave Number (cycles/cm) X-Ray UV Visible IR Microwave 200nm 400nm 800nm WAVELENGTH(nm)

21 Transmission and Color The human eye sees the complementary color to that which is absorbed

22 The EYE.. Color Wheels

23 Classic Monitoring Device

24 Spectrometers are better

25 Two-Component Mixture Example of a two-component mixture with significant spectral overlap

26 Chemometrics

27 Pattern Recognition Software

28 We extend that platform into a working instrument

29 UV-6101 Analyzer Upper Electonics Enclosure AppliedSpectrometry Associates, Inc.

30 An Online Lab Grade Wide Band Spectrometer Capable of handling both reagent assisted and directly read samples Calibration / Validation Port for grab sample analysis and site specific optimization Capable of field modification and correlation with lab results to build confidence Self Zeroing, self cleaning and future process enhancements in time as needed

31 UV-VIS Analyzer Lower Enclosure

32 An optical instrument not a control panel Light projected from a Xenon flash lamp thru a fiber optic cable to a hand built spectrograph that reads every.. 2 nanometers across a 260 nm wavelength spectrum Expansion, contraction, corrosion, humidity and physical positioning of the instrument affect the performance It is not a solid state box that you can place anywhere and in any position that you find convenient. Probes and other colorimetric analyzers do not compare

33 Houston, TX Metro MUDs Consecutive System Chloramination Control Twenty Seven ( 27 ) Analyzers Monochloramine, Total Chlorine, Free Ammonia and Total Ammonia

34 Demonstrated Results & Accuracy Optimized Performance Standardized Components Long Life Cycle Upgradable for Future Process Modifications Hand Made in USA

35 Typical 2 sample lines before and after water transfer from Houston WTPs

36 Tank & Distribution Control OWASA High Point Burlington Greenville, NC Houston, TX Pasco County, FL Hillsborough County, FL Miami Dade Water Palm Beach County Sarasota, FL

37 Greenville Utilities Commission

38 Regional Distribution and Best Tasting Rural Water Contest 2012

39 Chloramine Plus Oxnard CA - Distribution Water Monitoring One ChemScan UV-6101 Analyzer is used to detect Free Ammonia Total Ammonia Mono-chloramine Total Chlorine Nitrite Iron and Manganese

40 NO3 Calibration curves

41 NO2 Calibration Set

42 Jefferson Parish, LA demo test ChemScan system caught the daily overfeed of Ammonia due to poor valve control and ratio metric feed inadequacies Time to replace those old valves? Three hours or so every day after turndown from 60 MGD to 15 MGD, the spike was going out to the system even though the pump feed controllers read proper ratios

43 Recent studies confirm ratio control problems

44 Disinfection Residual Maintenance In Toronto Chloramination is used at all four WTPs in Toronto for maintenance of a secondary disinfectant A chloramination process that is carefully monitored and optimized for the production of monochloramine will produce good quality water and maintain the integrity of the distribution system

45 Pilot Scale Testing - Results Monochloramine values were mg/l lower than Total Chlorine indicating a good chlorine to ammonia ratio Free Ammonia was constantly below 0.05 mg/l indicating very little free ammonia leak into the distribution system Total Ammonia Readings for this parameter were quite stable

46 Pilot Scale Testing - Anecdotes During the test, ChemScan recorded an ammonia feed problem at the plant Analyzer indicated ammonia was being underfed Loss of ammonia resulted in a chlorine to ammonia ratio greater than 5:1 Free ammonia was constantly at the detection limit of the machine The difference between Total Chlorine and Monochloramine was greater than 0.1 mg/l

47 Full Scale Implementation of ChemScan Finished Water

48 Conclusions A chloramination analyzer has helped the plant identify opportunities to optimize chloramination process control Analyzer can be used to help detect ammonia feed problems and control nitrification in the distribution system Unit has proven to be reliable and cost effective Rapid detection of problems Prevents excess production of water that is not chloraminated at optimal levels

49 Best Tasting Water Contest Winner

50 Conversion from Free CL2 to Combined Chlorine (NH2CL)

51 AB Jewell and Mohawk WTPs 90 MGD MGD respectively

52 System Wide Conversion after 6 months of PR and Preparation

53 Conversion and Flushing older water gone in 5 days 186 sq miles of pipes to flush

54 Charleston, SC Hanahan WTP Peak Point Chloramination using 4 parameters to optimize monochloramine formation and minimize chemical consumption for 11 years + Broad Spectrum Analyzers for Differential Spectroscopy

55 Chloramination East Bay Municipal Utility District (MUD) CA. Chloramination Control - Fourteen Analyzers Free Ammonia and UV-254 %T

56 AppliedSpectrometry Associates, Inc.

57 ChemScan Publications #54 NOM Analysis at Boyle #51 NOM Analysis at WSSC #127 Specific Absorbance #42 Percent Transmittance #68 NOM Correlation #126 TOC Correlation #39 COD Correlation