Best Practices for Sheltering-in-Place

Transcription

1 Best Practices for Sheltering-in-Place Keith Frederick, AFBCI, CBCP, CHEP, HEM Head of Organizational Resilience Duke Clinical Research Institute March 27, 2017 Disclosure The views and opinions expressed in this presentation are the presenter s and not those of Duke University, its subsidiaries, or affiliates. In addition, this presenter does not have financial or other associations with the manufacturers of commercial products or suppliers of commercial services. There was no commercial support for the making of this presentation. 2

2 Objectives Provoke thought, action, and interaction by the attendees Describe situations that might require shelter-in-place Differentiate various threats and actions to keep people safe Identify strategies, countermeasures, and best practices to incorporate into your plans and procedures 3 4

3 Response Actions [Definitions] Protection Methods Organized, phased, or supervised dispersal of people from a dangerous or potentially dangerous area to one of relative safety. Securing facility entrances, exits, and areas to protect people who are in the proximity of an internal threat. Securing of property and building entrance and exit points to safeguard people from an external threat entering into a facility. Keeping people indoors when there is reasonable assurance that movement of people beyond the workplace, residence, or school will endanger them. 5 5 Safe Room & Area of Refuge [Definitions] A safe room is a hardened structure specifically designed to meet the FEMA criteria and provide near-absolute protection in extreme weather events. An area of refuge is a location in a building designed to hold occupants during a fire or other emergency, when evacuation may not be safe or possible. 6

4 Public Health COMPLEXITY WEATHER HOSTAGE Airborne Contaminants 7 Hazard Vulnerability [Analysis] Impact Probability Likelihood (Risk = Probability x Severity) 8

5 Natural Disasters [Probability] Source: FEMA,

6 11 Shelter-in-Place [Strategy and Stakeholders] 12

7 Area of Refuge [Selection & Best Practices] Determine how much refuge space is needed Utilize BARA checklist Review building plans/ construction drawings Inspect building & mechanical/utility systems Assess site to identify potential tree, pole, and tower fall-down areas 13 Shelter volume & HVAC Door & window tightness Existence of chimney, vents, & elevator shafts Indoor and outdoor temperature differences Wind speed and building orientation Shelter-in-Place [Air Exchange] Sheltering of structure 14

8 Shelter-in-Place [Building Filtration] Contaminant size Door and windows Velocity and turbulence Interior surfaces Filtration or pressure systems 15 Shelter-in-Place [Space Calculations] Contaminants Adult Natural Disaster Children <10 Adult, Standing Adult, Seated Wheelchairs SF Per Person 10 SF SF per Person 5 SF 5 SF 6 SF 10 SF Police Activity SF Per Person Adult 5 10 SF (est.) Calculation Example Natural Disaster 425 standing 5 SF = 2,125 SF Source: FEMA,

9 Shelter-in-Place [Wind Effects] Enclosed Partially enclosed 17 Shelter & Safe Rooms [Countermeasures & Best Practices] Incident Optimal Considerations Active Shooter Biological Threat Chemical Threat Natural Disaster Radiological Threat Ballistic protection/ minimal glass/locks Highest floor Highest floor Below ground/central area/windowless Below ground/ interior windowless Source: FEMA, 2009 Thick walls with steel, cinder block, brick or mortar Agents may be heavier than air Agents tend be heavier than air Avoid roof spans > 40 ft., high ceilings, or glass Less penetration time, distance, shielding 18

10 Shelter-in-Place [Equipment/Supply Kit] Communications Emergency First-Aid Lighting Sanitary Water/Food Other 19 Shelter-in-Place Plan [Strategy & Key Elements] Authority to activate Definitions & types of shelters Alert, notification, & internal/external communications Maps of refuge areas (safe rooms & shelters) Response team role & responsibilities First-Aid & decontamination measures 20

11 Shelter-in-Place Plan [Strategy & Key Elements] Lockdown, lockout, & attendance procedures Procedure to assess need & implement shut down of HVAC, vents & other mechanical systems Contents, maintenance, and deployment of shelter-in-place kit Procedure to assess need and implement sealing the area 21 Shelter-in-Place Plan [Strategy & Key Elements] Keep exit paths & discharges clear Monitor TV/Radio Remain sheltered until authorities issue an all-clear message Train response teams and staff Exercise and test procedures and plan 22

12 Incident Assessment [Decision-Making] Time of day Location, timing, & duration Type and size Current and projected weather conditions Building occupant status Hazard isolation/control Facility damage/community impact 23 Incident Assessment [Decision-Making] Action No Action Evacuation S.I.P. Conditions Outdoor air concentration, police activity, or weather is believed not to pose any immediate risk Consider as initial action Requires immediate notification Communicate to community Sufficient time and resources before arrival of plum or other threat (min. 2h) Consider if release is flammable or explosive Consider potential for injury or exposure during evacuation Source: Adapted from Soresen et al.,

13 Airborne Contaminants [Protective Action Tool] Attribute Shelter Evacuation Infiltration Tight Leaky Plume Duration Short Long Time of Day Night Day Population Density High Low Road Geometry Closed Open Road Conditions Poor Good Population Mobility Immobile Mobile Traffic Flow Constrained Unconstrained Shelter Perception High Low Toxic Load High Low Source: Adapted from Soresen et al., Response Actions [Shelter, Shut, & Listen] Make announcement Occupants activities stop Bring individuals inside Close the building in a certain timeframe Close and lock exterior doors and windows Close curtains, blinds and shades (explosion threat) Move staff to interior locations avoid mechanical equipment rooms 26

14 Avoid overcrowding Response Actions [Shelter, Shut, & Listen] Gather essential supplies and non-perishable food/water Seal door cracks, window, outlets, switch plates, & vents Turn off exhaust fans & HVAC systems; close dampers Conduct attendance and report missing Listen to radio or television No one leaves until authorities issue an all-clear 27 Stay or Go? 28

15 Summary [Key Points & Recommendations] 29 Summary [Key Points & Recommendations] KNOW your neighborhood and neighbors KNOW that not all buildings and shelters are alike KNOW that building design engineers are your best friends KNOW that training is not an option KNOW that the best plans are those that are tested and treated as a living document 30

16 Contact Keith Frederick, AFBCI, CBCP, CHEP DCRI Head of Organizational Resilience LinkedIn: Keith Frederick Contact # keith.frederick@duke.edu 31 References Chan, W., Nazaroff, W., Price, P., & Gadgil, A. (2007, July). Effectiveness of urban shelter-in-place: Idealized conditions. Atmospheric Environment, 41(23), DHS. (2015). Planning and response to an active shooter. Retrieved from planning-response-active-shooter-guide-non-fouo-nov pdf FEMA. (2015). Best available refuge area checklist and instructions. Retrieved from library-data/ feb4be032c005ec12c64d894674/bara_checklist_ P431.pdf 32

17 References FEMA. (2006). Design guidance for shelters and safe rooms. Retrieved from FEMA. (2009). Tornado protection: Selecting refuge areas in buildings. Retrieved from HM Government. (2014). Evacuation and shelter guidance. Retrieved from 33 References Sorenson, J., Vogt, B., Shumpert, B. (2004). Planning for protective action decision making: Evacuate of shelter-inplace. Journal of Hazardous Materials, (109),