Ozone and Particulate Monitoring Programs in San Diego, California

Transcription

1 Ozone and Particulate Monitoring Programs in San Diego, California Mahmood Hossain Chief, Air Pollution Control Air Pollution Control District San Diego, California, USA

2 Air Monitoring Stations

3 San Diego Snapshot 4,255 square miles (11,020 square kilometers) 65 miles N to S (105 kilometers) 86 miles E to W (138 kilometers) 3 million people 3.5 million by million jobs 1.7 million by million vehicles 3 million by million daily VMT (vehicle miles traveled) 95 million by 2020

4 Control of Air Pollution U.S. Environmental Protection Agency California Air Resources Board & Bureau Auto Repair San Diego County Air District Vehicles, airplanes, trains, ships, off-road equipment (<175 hp) Approve State plans Vehicles Fuels Consumer products Off-road equipment ( 175 hp) Approve local plans Industry/manufacturing Monitor air quality Prepare local plans All control measures Rules, permits & compliance Nuisance complaints Financial incentive

5 Role of San Diego APCD Local Regulatory authority Protect public health Continuous air quality monitoring Air quality forecasting Achieve & maintain air quality standards Develop & implement programs to meet state and federal mandates Prepare long-term regional plans

6 Role of San Diego APCD (Contd.) Develop & implement strategies & control measures Develops air quality rules Manages a permit system Prepares emissions inventories Help industry understand rules & regulations Investigates citizen complaints

7 Ozone Formation in San Diego County Inversion Layer Photochemical Smog Ocean Breeze

8 U.S. Government amended Clean Air Act in 1970 Created Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Set National Ambient Air Quality Standards O 3 SO 2 NO 2 CO Lead Particulates Set attainment deadlines (1984) Established 1-hour ozone standard of 0.12 ppm No more than 3 exceedances in 3 years

9 Number of Days Exceeding 1-Hour Ozone Standard Number of Days Year

10 Attainment Deadlines Original deadline extended to 1987 Design Value (DV) 4 th highest ozone concentration in three years Design Value calculated for Revised attainment date based on DV 1999 was San Diego s attainment date

11 San Diego Air Quality Study 1989 Enhanced routine data collection July 1- October 7 6-week intensive study to catch O 3 episodes August 15-October 7

12 Areas of Field Study Surface air quality & meteorological monitoring Doppler acoustic sounder Upper air balloon sounding Aircraft spiral & flux plane flights Offshore boat ROG & carbonyl measurements Tracer study

13 Criterion for Ozone Episode Selection Surface winds to indicate general flow pattern Three-dimensional flow fields to indicate flow aloft Temperature sounding data to characterize inversion 850 mb & 500 mb temperatures to characterize pollution potential Air quality data to determine temporal & spatial variations

14 Study Notables Air quality & meteorological data collected at 31 sites 650 ROG & 553 carbonyl samples collected & analyzed Two 2-day episodes selected for modeling Maximum ozone concentrations & ppm on these episode days

15 Ozone Modeling Used Photochemical Urban Airshed Model (UAM) with Carbon Bond IV Used Emission Preprocessor System (EPS) to develop emission modeling Used Diagnostic Wind Model (DWM) & Colorado State University Mesoscale Model ( CSUMM) for meteorological modeling

16 History 1997 Revised ozone standard New particulate standard PM 2.5 Secondary standards for ozone & particulate matter to match primary

17 NAAQS for Ozone Health-based 1-hour standard of 0.12 ppm New concentration-based 8-hour standard 4th highest average in 3 years ppm To protect against longer exposure periods 1-hour retained until attained to smooth transition

18 NAAQS for Particulates Particulate standards last revised in 1987 Adding new standard for PM 2.5 Retaining current annual PM 10 standard Changing form of 24-hour PM 10 standard

19 NAAQS for Particulates PM 10 Annual 3-year average < 50 μg/m 3 24-hour 3-year average of 98 th percentile < 150 μg/m 3 PM 2.5 Annual 3-year average< 15 μg/m 3 24-hour 3-year average of 98 th percentile < 65 μg/m 3

20 Number of Days Exceeding 8-Hour Ozone Standard Number of Days Year

21 Highest Annual 8-Hour Ozone Average (ppm) Concentrations (ppm) Year

22 Number of Days Exceeding 8-Hour Ozone Standard Number of Days Year

23 For ozone Future Tasks Designated non-attainment in 2004 State Implementation Plan due in 2007 Perform another Air Quality Modeling to demonstrate attainment of 8-hour ozone standard in 2008 (Based on a study done in 1997) Attainment date is 2009

24 For PM2.5 New standards Future Tasks Annual: 15μg/m 3 (three year average) 24-Hour Average: 35 μg/m 3 (98 th percentile three year average) New standard promulgated September 2006 Final designation in 2009 State Implementation Plan due in 2013 Attainment date is 2015 (Based on monitored data)

25 I want to thank the Ministry of Environment Government of Spain for inviting me to address this conference You can contact me at