Clean Cool Energy. Harnessing the power of liquid nitrogen for zero emission power and cooling.

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1 Clean Cool Energy Harnessing the power of liquid nitrogen for zero emission power and cooling

2 Dearman s vision is to deliver clean, sustainable cold and power to help address global challenges of climate change, air quality and explosive global cold chain growth. Toby Peters, Founder of Dearman

3 Dearman delivering clean cool energy Using the revolutionary Dearman engine, the Dearman transport refrigeration units provide zero-emission clean cold and power, industry-leading performance and peace of mind. The Dearman transport refrigeration units (TRUs) are the world s first to overcome the big four environmental downsides of diesel TRUs noise, waste heat, greenhouse gases, and exhaust emissions of NOx and particulates while setting new industry performance standards for rapid cooling with a cost-effective clean alternative. As governments and local authorities tighten environmental regulations worldwide, the Dearman Clean Cold and Power system enables logistics companies to transition their fleet to prepare for the toughest rules while also maintaining efficiency and cost control.

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5 Engineered without compromise Powered by the revolutionary Dearman engine, and fuelled by liquid nitrogen, the Dearman transport refrigeration system is low carbon, zero-emission and quiet. It delivers unparalleled performance in cooling power, speed and accuracy all fully independent of the primary powertrain. The unit itself comes packed in an industry standard undermount skid. Refuelling is driver-operated and fast, simple and safe. A single refill is able to last up to two days, depending on duty cycle. While incumbent TRU technologies struggle to clean up their act in the face of increasingly tighter regulation, the Dearman clean cold and power system delivers today performance that the regulators really want: zero emission, very quiet operations, while also giving fleet operators the rapid cooling cost efficient performance they demand.

6 The benefits Zero emission locally Lifecycle CO2 savings up to 30 metric tonnes per vehicle per year Quiet; potential to expand operating hours Superior performance for pull-down; potential to enable operational benefits Cost comparable to diesel on a TCO basis in the EU Easy and safe to operate

7 Improved performance Environmentally friendly Zero-emission, reducing total vehicle NOx by up to 85% and engine PM by 96% (based on 2015 US EPA & California Emission Standards for Heavy-Duty). Delivers CO2 savings of up to 30 metric tonnes per vehicle per year (depending on carbon intensity of grid). Quiet operation uninsulated <65dB(A)potential to meet 60dB(A) with insulation pack where required, which meets Europe s demanding PIEK standard. Higher Cooling Power Dearman s higher cooling power reduces pull-down time for the truck and provides rapid temperature recovery after door openings. In an 33,000 lb rigid, it can cool a vehicle from +60 F to -6 F in 30 minutes. Higher cooling power and faster pull-down times can: Increase vehicle utilization and reduce down time. Provide tight temperature control after door openings, allowing more flexibility with route scheduling. Incumbent Diesel TRU technology UP TO 96% less CO2 ZERO NOx ZERO PM COMPARTMENT TEMPERATURE ( F) +60 F CARBON FOOTPRINT NOx EMISSIONS PM EMISSIONS Pulldown time in minutes -6 F Diesel Refrigeration LiN supplied through open market

8 Absolute Reliability The engine and system have been through laboratory durability testing and field-testing with no operational failure. For absolute peace of mind, however, it comes with a built-in secure cold system, which uses natural evaporation through the heat exchanger in the event of mechanical failure, as well as full support from trained engineers. Dearman s headquarters and multi-million design center is in London, UK. The Dearman engine was designed by people with a background in high performance Formula 1 racing, who have developed sophisticated computer models to optimize their entire system end-to-end. Reduced Maintenance Dearman TRUs require less maintenance than conventional diesel powered systems. Unlike diesel engines, the Dearman engine does not contaminate its lubricant through combustion, and requires no cooling system or air filter.

9 What s the big difference between a Dearman and other LiN-fuelled TRUs? There is nothing new about liquid nitrogen as a working fluid for transport refrigeration. First generation systems emerged 20 years ago which sprayed LiN directly around the trailer payload. These offered good cooling control, but posed health and safety risks. Second generation nitrogen systems are already offered by global industrial gas companies. These generate cold solely by letting the liquid nitrogen evaporate. They are quiet and zero-emission, but provide less than half the cooling of a Dearman. In addition, they have to rely on an external power source like the truck s main engine for electrical power to drive its fans since the evaporation does not generate electricity. Best of both CONVENTIONAL AUXILIARY DIESEL TRU Independent of primary engine Affordable - But - Emissions (CO 2, NOx & PM) Refrigeration plant is inefficient and noisy DEARMAN LiN ENGINE Zero tailpipe emissions Independent of primary engine Quiet Good functionality/speed of pull down Cost-competitive because system exploits both evaporation and expansion, producing cold and power from a single tank of cryogen EVAPORATION LiN SYSTEM Zero tailpipe emissions Quiet Good cooling control - But - Economics are challenging as high LiN consumption (evaporation only) Not independent because the main engine has to power electric loads

10 Control Panel Heat Exchange Fluid Tanks Dearman Engine Compressor Refrigeration System

11 How Does The Dearman Clean Cold and Power Transport Refrigeration System Work? The liquid nitrogen is first run through a heat exchanger, where it provides cooling to the temperature controlled compartments much like a second generation system. The liquid nitrogen if then expanded in the Dearman Engine, where it is mixed with a water/glycol heat exchange fluid to enhance power and efficiency. The engine drives a secondary refrigeration system for more cooling and generates electrical power for the system s fans and lights. The water/glycol heat exchange fluid is recovered and recycled. (Non-toxic poly-ethylene glycol, also used for de-icing roads, is used in our system). The Dearman system produces none of the pollution or waste heat of diesel, and the Dearman engine captures power from the expansion of the liquid nitrogen making it far more efficient than evaporation-only systems. Unlike evaporationonly systems, the Dearman TRU is wholly independent of the vehicle s propulsion engine. Cool air Heat exchanger Liquid nitrogen Cool air Heat exchanger In cabin controls Dearman engine Liquid nitrogen tank Nitrogen Liquid nitrogen Refrigeration cycle

12 CLEAN COLD AND POWER

13 CLEAN COLD AND POWER Dearman Clean Cold And Power Cold is a vital foundation of modern society: without it the supply of food, data and medicine would break down. But keeping things cold is also energy intensive and highly polluting. Demand for cooling is growing at a furious pace, driven by population growth, rising incomes and changing lifestyles in developing countries, and amplified impact of climate change. Countries and companies need to significantly increase their cold infrastructure to maintain economic growth, eliminate waste, and improve living standards. If incumbent dirty diesel technologies are used to meet the need for cold infrastructure, the environmental impact would be ruinous, especially for dense urban cities that are already under pressure. These cities need a way to green their cold chain, and Dearman is ready to be part of this solution. Dearman is a company pioneering the development of clean cold and power to achieve major improvements in resource efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution of cooling. Dearman s cutting-edge technology uniquely harnesses liquid air to deliver zero-emission power and cooling. Dearman has gained an international reputation for innovation, engineering excellence and pioneering the concepts of clean cold and the cold economy. It has built the world s first dedicated Clean Cold Technology Centre where its team of engineers and product development staff are developing several applications of the Dearman engine which deliver outstanding performance, while reducing operating costs, fuel usage and emissions. Dearman has built relationships with major industrial partners including Air Products, an industrial gas producer, and Daikin group through its UK subsidiary specialized in refrigeration equipment.

14 How the Dearman engine works in transport refrigeration HEF recovered and recycled EXHAUST NITROGEN GAS LiN Tank -196 Separator HEAT EXCHANGE FLUID (HEF) Heat Exchanger Condenser LiN pumped to the heat exchanger P LiN expands & produces power SHAFT POWER Compressor TXV Thermal expansion valve Heat Exchanger Evaporator TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED COMPARTMENT

15 Dearman transport refrigeration clean cold and power Specifications Packed in a standard undermount skid Truck compatibility Compartment configuration Controls Cooling capacity Pull down rate Operating capacity between refuelling Noise Initially rigid trucks >33,000 lb and wheelbase >6m, plus articulated trailers Multi-temperature in up to 3 separate refrigerated zones. Compartment and/or lanes configuration Digital controls including in-cab control unit. Real time remote data 16kW (55,000 BTU/hr) at -4 F < 30mins from +60 F to -6 F in an 33,000 lb rigid body One to two days, depending on duty cycle uninsulated <65dB(A); potential to meet 60dB(A) with insulation pack where required NOx and PM emissions 0 CO 2 reduction compared to diesel refrigeration unit 30% - 85%, and potentially by 96% saving per vehicle (Well-to-Wheel)* Precise temperature control Dearman s technology and its high cooling power ensures precise temperature control on the most demanding delivery cycles. This helps to ensure that product quality is maintained during transport. *This depends on carbon intensity of electricity used for LiN production: 30% to 85% for average country grid electricity; 96% is for renewable electricity

16 Dearman is a technology company that is engineering a range of clean, affordable, efficient and high performance cold and power technologies. These systems harness the unique properties of liquid nitrogen and the revolutionary Dearman Engine to offer a completely new approach to cooling and power generation. Dearman technologies have applications in transportation, logistics and the built environment. Combined, they can help to make the world a cleaner cooler place. +44(0) DearmanEngineCompanyLtd Dearman, Unit 5 Stafford Cross Business Park, Stafford Road, Croydon, Greater London, CR0 4TU Great Britain