WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System (SDS-WAS) Ground Observation

Transcription

1 WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning Advisory and Assessment System (SDS-WAS) Ground Observation E. Cuevas S. Rodríguez, S. Basart, and E. Terredellas 1

2 SDS-WAS and health SDS-WAS: provides surface dust concentration forecasts which are used for air quality and health effects purposes dust,μg/m 3 dust belt 1000 mill North Africa to West Asia 1300 mill India 1300 mill China 40 mill Caribbean 3650 mill population 50% of global population is exposed to dust concentrations μg/m 3 2

3 Surface dust Concentrations 3

4 4

5 Surface observation needs people live in cities and breath a cocktail of aerosols and pollutants rural urban Some few mass PM10 stations in the region must be deployed in rural sites, far away from direct impact of anthropogenic sources located in populated cities and industrial centers. parameters indicative of ambient air quality & dust

6 Surface observation needs PM 10 and PM automatic methods meteorology (wind, T, RH, P, rain) dust source rural urban city 150 μg/m μg/m 3 PM 10 urban rural 30 μg/m 3 30 μg/m 3 30 μg/m 3 10 μg/m 3 Local urban pollution dust events time dust events

7 SDS-WAS in Copernicus 7

8 Surface observation needs SDS-WAS: We propose: three types of stations Level 1: will provide online data of PM 10 and/or PM 2.5 measured with automatic instruments (e.g. beta, TEOM);, preferably refereed to any reference or equivalent standard (e.g.eu or USA), Level 2: includes stations Level 1 that also perform inter-comparisons of their automatic instruments with respect to the reference manual gravimetric method for converting their data to gravimetric equivalent, e.g. EU-12341:2015 for PM 10 and PM 2.5, or US- reference or equivalent methods, Level 3: will include stations Level 2 that also perform chemical analyses of the filters with aerosol samples (e.g. collected in the inter-comparisons). 8

9 Photometry 9

10 GAW-PFR network 3 stations affected by dust? GAW-PFR network 10

11 AERONET AERONET Aerosol Robotic Network-Twenty Years of Observations and Research 15 May 1993 The AERONET program is a federation of ground-based remote sensing aerosol networks established by NASA and LOA-PHOTONS (CNRS) and has been expanded by collaborators from international agencies, institutes, universities, individual scientists and partners. 15 May 2013 >7000 citations >400 sites Over 80 countries AERONET provides a long-term, continuous public database of aerosol optical, microphysical, and radiative properties for aerosol research and characterization, validation of satellite measurements, and synergism with other databases.

12 AERONET Around 100 stations affected by dust 12

13 3-Monthly DOD validation: Dec2015-Feb

14 Cimel vs PFR: looking for permanent traceability to WRC Cimel-PFR traceability within AERONET-Europe and SDS-WAS NAMEE (jointly with PMOD/WRC) Permanent comparison between the permanent CE318-T reference at Izaña and a field WRC-PFR and a WRC-PFR reference Comparison of Cimel Masters-calibrated at Izaña with the permanent CE318-T reference and PFRs Participation in PMOD-WRC campaigns 14

15 Cimel vs PFR The 4 th WMO Filter Radiometer Comparison (FRC-IV) September 28 October 16, 2015 Davos, Switzerland Final report Kazadzis et al. GAW Report Nº 231 Cimels AOD@500nm 15

16 Low-cost radiometer for AOD SIELTEC ZEN-51: A zenith looking narrow-band radiometer for AOD retrieval (365, 550, 675 and 870 nm). AOD from downwelling ZSR measurements and Look-up table (LUT) method. AOD comparisons between CE318-AERONET and ZEN-R41 for four different spectral bands (440, 500, 675 and 870 nm) performed at Izaña Almansa, A. F., Cuevas, E., Torres, B., Barreto, Á., García, R. D., Cachorro, V. E., de Frutos, Á. M., López, C., and Ramos, R.: A new zenith-looking narrow-band radiometer-based system (ZEN) for dust aerosol optical depth monitoring, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, , doi: /amt , 2017.

17 Summary (Photometry) SDS-WAS needs AERONET for dust characterization and model evaluation: a high number of AERONET stations ( 100 ) provide data to SDS-WAS Day & night AOD/DOD data is needed (the new CE318-T Triple photometer) We are working on Cimel traceability to WRC within SDS-WAS and AERONET-Europe Central Facility (jointly with PMOD/WRC) AERONET and/or AERONET-Europe associated network to GAW? Dust-AOD from SDS-WAS contributing to NILU EBAS database? Exploring the use of new low-cost radiometers for remote desert regions

18 Lidars/ceilometers 18

19 Evaluation of vertical profiles (extinction) Future collaboration with: ACTRIS-EARLINET EU ceilomer network (DWD) MPLNET (NASA)... GALION

20 NRT Vertical profiles: Tenerife and Dakar Ceilometer + High density of stations - Qualitatively products Lidar M Bour (Senegal), Tenerife (Spain) - Low number of stations + Quantitative products

21 Summary (Lidars/ceilometers) NRT back-scatter and extinction profiles are needed for dust layer characterization, and dust model evaluation Photometer/lidar-ceilometer synergy is a relatively simple option to obtain aerosol-dust extinction and PBL height Ceilometers constitute a very interesting option: relatively high espatiotemporal resolution, typically operational (24/7 operations), relatively low cost of operation (running and small staff) SDS-WAS has started to use backscatter and extinction profiles from simple lidars and ceilometers

22 Thank you 22