EMERGING CONTAMINANTS. Presented by: Richard Radcliff

Transcription

1 EMERGING CONTAMINANTS Presented by: Richard Radcliff

2 A CLOSED SYSTEM EMERGING CONTAMINANTS PRESENTATION OUTLINE TYPES OF EMERGING CONTAMINANTS EPA S EMERGING CONTAMINANT ACTIVITIES INSIDE EPA S ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR UNIVERSE BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES CONCLUSION QUESTIONS

3 A CLOSED SYSTEM ALL WATER ON EARTH IS RECYCLED

4 A CLOSED SYSTEM ALL WATER ON EARTH IS RECYCLED Man has upset the natural water balance Overpopulation Overuse of aquifers for non-potable uses Living in areas that are water poor Water reuse will be more critical as population increases and/or the climate changes Water reuse requires advanced treatment technologies to remove emerging contaminants

5 TYPES OF EMERGING CONTAMINANTS Pharmaceuticals Personal Care Products Disinfection Byproducts Pesticides Naturally Occurring Contaminants Nano Particles?

6 EPA S EMERGING CONTAMINANT ACTIVITIES

7 INSIDE EPA S ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR UNIVERSE SUBSTANCE TYPES Pesticides and Pesticide Inerts Industrial Chemicals Flame Retardants Fragrances Food Additives and Substances That Come into Contact with Food Pharmaceuticals (Human and Animal) Building Materials Foods Air Water Unknown

8 INSIDE EPA S ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR UNIVERSE 10,276 CONTAMINANTS 1,670 Have Been Investigated 73 Of Investigated Contaminants Are Still Unknown 528 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS 68 Volatile Organics Intermediate Chemicals Plasticizers 10 Flame Retardants 868 PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS 783 Fragrances Shampoo & Soaps Cosmetics 177 PHARMACEUTICALS Top 200 Drugs Of 2012 Over-The-Counter Drugs Metabolites 71 MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS Algal Toxins Viruses Protozoa Bacteria 63 METABOLITES Pesticides Pharmaceuticals Human Indicators 228 FOODS 426 PESTICIDES 104 DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS

9 INSIDE EPA S ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR UNIVERSE WHAT EPA S UNIVERSE IS MISSING 4,000 Additional Contaminants Pesticide Metabolites Pharmaceutical Metabolites Disinfection Byproducts Algal Toxins Viruses Fire Retardants (PBDEs)

10 INSIDE BLN S ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR UNIVERSE 14,000 CONTAMINANTS 2,115 Have Been Investigated 74 Of Investigated Contaminants Are Still Unknown 860 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS 88 Volatile Organics Intermediate Chemicals Plasticizers 173 Flame Retardants 3,267 PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS 2,713 Fragrances Shampoo & Soaps Cosmetics 614 PHARMACEUTICALS Top 200 Drugs Of 2012 Over-The-Counter Drugs Metabolites 125 MICROBIAL CONTAMINANTS Algal Toxins Viruses Protozoa Bacteria 206 METABOLITES Pesticides Pharmaceuticals Human Indicators 240 FOODS 527 PESTICIDES 163 DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS

11 BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES HOW DO I TREAT FOR THOUSANDS OF CONTAMINANTS? Traditional Treatment Involves Double Pass Reverse Osmosis (RO) Requires Extensive Pre-Treatment Requires Considerable Energy Ozonation With Hydrogen Peroxide (AOP) Produces Undesirable Disinfection Byproducts Aldehydes Bromate

12 BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES HOW DO I TREAT FOR THOUSANDS OF CONTAMINANTS? UV Disinfection With Hydrogen Peroxide (AOP) Produces Different Disinfection Byproducts Nitrite Assimilable Organic Carbon Low Pressure Membranes +UV/Hydrogen Peroxide + Biological Activated Carbon Filtration Multiple Barrier Approach Should Control Nitrite And Assimilable Organic Carbon Should Produce Water Suitable For Reuse

13 CONCLUSION IN THE PAST 5 YEARS, EPA HAS ESCALATED EFFORTS TO UNDERSTAND AND REGULATE ADDITIONAL CONTAMINANTS. MANY IMPORTANT CONTAMINANTS THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE PRESENT IN SOURCE WATERS USED FOR DRINKING WATER ARE NOT PART OF EPA S INITIAL UNIVERSE OF POTENTIAL ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS. WORK REMAINS TO BE DONE TO FULLY UNDERSTAND EMERGING CONTAMINANTS AND ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS.

14 CONCLUSION THE NEED FOR WATER WILL DRIVE UTILITIES TO LOOK AT WATER REUSE. WATER REUSE WILL REQUIRE ENGINEERED WATER SYSTEMS TO ACCELERATE THE NATURAL WATER PURIFICATION CYCLE. VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES EXIST TODAY TO ALLOW FOR WATER REUSE. FUTURE WATER TREATMENT PRACTICES WILL BE GREATLY DIFFERENT FROM TODAY S PRACTICES.

15 EMERGING CONTAMINANTS QUESTIONS? FOR A COPY OF THE PRESENTATION SCAN THE QR CODE