Hazardous Energy Control / Lock out Tag out (LOTO)

Transcription

1 These are just basic training slides, may vary from standards Hazardous Energy Control / Lock out Tag out (LOTO) 1

2 What is Hazardous Energy? Hazardous energy is defined by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) as: "any electrical, mechanical, pneumatic, chemical, nuclear, thermal, gravitational, or other energy that can harm people" (CSA Z460 "Control of Hazardous Energy - Lockout and Other Methods"). Some energy sources are obvious, such as electricity, heat in a furnace, or something that might fall. Others may be hidden hazards such as air pressure in a system or a tightly wound spring. 2

3 What are Types of Hazardous Energy? Electrical energy is the most common form of energy used in workplaces. It can be available live through power lines or it can also be stored, for example, in batteries or capacitors. Electricity can harm people in one of three ways: 1.By electrical shock. 2.By secondary injury. 3.By exposure to an electrical arc. Hydraulic potential energy is the energy stored within a pressurized liquid. When under pressure, the fluid can be used to move heavy objects, machinery, or equipment. Examples include: automotive car lifts, injection molding machines, power presses, and the braking system in cars. When hydraulic energy is released in an uncontrolled manner, individuals may be crushed or struck by moving machinery, equipment or other items Pneumatic potential energy is the energy stored within pressurized air. Like hydraulic energy, when under pressure, air can be used to move heavy objects and power equipment. Examples include spraying devices, power washers, or machinery. When pneumatic energy is released in an uncontrolled manner, individuals may be crushed or struck by moving machinery, equipment or other items. 3

4 What are Types of Hazardous Energy? Chemical energy is the energy released when a substance undergoes a chemical reaction. The energy is normally released as heat, but could be released in other forms, such as pressure. A common result of a hazardous chemical reaction is fire or explosion. Radiation energy is energy from electromagnetic sources. This energy covers all radiation from visible light, lasers, microwave, infra red, ultraviolet, and X-rays. Radiation energy can cause health effects ranging from skin and eye damage (lasers and UV light) to cancer (X-rays). Gravitational potential energy is the energy related to the mass of an object and its distance from the earth (or ground). The heavier an object is, and the further it is from the ground, the greater its gravitational potential energy. For example, a 1 kilogram (kg) weight held 2 meters above the ground will have greater gravitational potential energy then a 1 kg held 1 meter above the ground. Mechanical energy is the energy contained in an item under tension. For instance, a spring that is compressed or coiled will have stored energy which will be released in the form of movement when the spring expands. The release of mechanical energy may result in an individual being crushed or struck by the object. 4

5 Example It is important to understand that all of these energy types can be considered as either the primary energy source, or as residual or stored energy (energy that can reside or remain in the system) Primary energy source is the supply of power that is used to perform work. Residual or stored energy is energy within the system that is not being used, but when released it can cause work to be done. For example: when you close a valve on a pneumatic (air) or hydraulic (liquid) powered system, you have isolated the system from its primary energy source. However, there is still residual energy stored in any air or liquid that remains in the system. In this example, removing the residual energy would include bleeding out the liquid, or venting out the air. Until this residual energy is removed from the system, work can occur, whether on purpose or inadvertently Not properly assessing and dissipating stored energy is one of the most common causes for workplace incidents that involve hazardous energy. Control of hazardous energy includes isolating the system from its primary power source and residual energy. 5

6 Is Lockout and Hazardous Energy Control the Same Thing? The terms lockout and hazardous energy control are sometimes used interchangeably, but they are NOT the same thing. Hazardous energy control is a broad term describing the use of procedures, techniques, designs and methods to protect personnel from injury due to the inadvertent release of hazardous energy. Lockout is the placement of a lock or tag on an energy-isolating device in accordance with an established procedure. It indicates that the energy-isolating device is not to be operated until removal of the lock or tag. Therefore, lockout is one way in which hazardous energy control can be achieved. 6

7 What is the purpose of a hazardous energy control program? In most cases, equipment or systems will have safety devices built in. These safety devices include barrier guards and safeguarding devices to help protect workers during normal operations. However, during maintenance or repairs, these devices may have to be removed or by-passed. In these situations, a hazardous energy control program is needed. A hazardous energy control program is used to maintain worker safety by preventing: Unintended release of stored energy. Unintended start-up. Unintended motion. Contact with a hazard when guards are removed or safety devices have been by-passed or removed. 7

8 What must an energy-control procedure include? 1. A statement on how to use the procedures; 2. Specific procedural steps to shut down, isolate, block, and secure machines; 3. Specific steps designating the safe placement, removal, and transfer of lockout/tagout devices and identifying who has responsibility for the lockout/tagout devices; and 4. Specific requirements for testing machines to determine and verify the effectiveness of lockout devices, tagout devices, and other energy-control measures. 8

9 What must workers do before they begin service or maintenance activities? 1. Prepare for shutdown; 2. Shut down the machine; 3. Disconnect or isolate the machine from the energy source(s); 4. Apply the lockout or tagout device(s) to the energy-isolating device(s); 5. Release, restrain, or otherwise render safe all potential hazardous stored or residual energy. If a possibility exists for reaccumulation of hazardous energy, regularly verify during the service and maintenance that such energy has not reaccumulated to hazardous levels; and 6. Verify the isolation and deenergization of the machine. 9

10 Lockout Process De-energize machinery Stop equipment using normal procedure Isolate each source. Each person must lockout each source of energy. The key(s) must be removed and secured in personal control. Verify isolation of each energy source Return controls to neutral, stop or off positions after the verification. Perform the required work. 10

11 What are the requirements for lockout/tagout devices? Durable enough to withstand workplace conditions. Tagout devices must not deteriorate or become illegible even when used with corrosive components such as acid or alkali chemicals or in wet environments. Standardized according to color, shape, or size. Tagout devices also must be standardized according to print and format. Tags must be legible and understandable by all employees. They must warn employees about the hazards if the machine is energized, and offer employees clear instruction such as: Do Not Start, Do Not Open, Do Not Close, Do Not Energize, or Do Not Operate. 11

12 What are the requirements for lockout/tagout devices? Substantial enough to minimize the likelihood of premature or accidental removal. Employees should be able to remove locks only by using excessive force with special tools such as bolt cutters or other metal-cutting tools. Tag attachments must be non-reusable, selflocking, and non-releasable, with a minimum unlocking strength of 50 pounds. Tags must be attachable by hand, and the device for attaching the tag should be a one-piece nylon cable tie or its equivalent so it can withstand all environments and conditions. Labeled to identify the specific employees authorized to apply and remove them. 12

13 Electrical, pneumatic, hydraulic energy 13

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15 Tag-out Tag-out in lieu of Lockout Securely attach locked out tag in addition to the lock. If an energy-isolating device is not physically capable of being locked out, use tags in place of locks. 15

16 Release from Lockout/Tag-out When work is complete, re-energize the machine: Inspect the work area. Remove locks. Visually verify that all personnel are clear Re-energize the equipment. Lock Removal No one is authorized to remove another person s lock. Procedures to remove the lock: The employee s supervisor verification An attempt to contact the lock owner If this attempt is unsuccessful, notify the lock owner. Evaluate the equipment. Carry out the Release from Lockout/Tag-out procedures. 16

17 Lock out devices 17

18 Lock out devices 18

19 Examples of Tags THE COMMONWEALTH INDUSTRIAL GASES LIMITED D A N G E R DO NOT OPERATE DO NOT REMOVE THIS TAG DEFECT:... THIS TAG PROTECTS:.. BLOCK LETTERS SIGNATURE:... DATE:... SEE OTHER SIDE THE COMMONWEALTH INDUSTRIAL GASES LIMITED D A N G E R DO NOT OPERATE DO NOT REMOVE THIS TAG A PERSON S LIFE MAY BE ENDANGERED TO DO SO WILL RENDER YOU LIABLE TO SEVERE DISCIPLINARY MEASURES AND/OR LEGAL ACTION IT IS HERE FOR A PURPOSE AND MAY NOT BE REMOVED EXCEPT BY THE PERSON WHO PLACED IT SEE OTHER SIDE 19

20 Questions and Discussion 20