SOFC DEVELOPMENT by Tokyo Gas, Kyocera, Rinnai and Gastar

Transcription

1 SOFC DEVELOPMENT by Tokyo Gas, Kyocera, Rinnai and Gastar Tadaaki Ishikawa, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd. Shoji Yamashita, Kyocera Corporation Tsutomu Sobue, Rinnai Co., Ltd. Koji Hase, Gastar Co., Ltd.

2 A table of contents 1. Background of Development 2. SOFC Development approach of TG 3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies 4. Progress of Development 5. Conclusions

3 A table of contents 1. Background of Development 2. SOFC Development approach of TG 3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies 4. Progress of Development 5. Conclusions

4 Background of Development Contribution to the Global Environment Contribution to the Global Environment Japan declared Reduction Greenhouse Gas Emissions 6% decrease of 1990 level in 2008~2012 Transition of Energy Consumption in JAPAN FY2003 Industrial FY1973 FY Household & Commercial to promote energy saving, to develop on-site co-generation system with higher efficiency

5 Background of Development Changes of Gas Business circumstances in Japan Changes of Gas Business circumstances in Japan Electrical grid efficiency improvement Electric driven heat pumps COP improvement (Turbo Chiller, EHP, CO2 Refrigerant Heat Pump Water Heater) Natural gas advantages for environment might be small. to improve value of natural gas, to develop on-site co-generation system with higher efficiency We Accelerate Development of SOFC!

6 A table of contents 1. Background of Development 2. SOFC Development approach of TG 3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies 4. Progress of Development 5. Conclusions

7 SOFC Development approach of TG Characteristic comparison of various fuel cells Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (PAFC) Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Electrolyte Proton exchange membrane Phosphoric acid Molten alkaline carbonate Oxide Ceramics (Zirconia) Operating Temp. Room Temp. to up to 1,000 Charge Carrier H + H + CO 3 2- O 2- Fuel H2 H2 H2 CO H2 CO Efficiency (HH V) Applications ~ 35% Automobile Residential CGS ~ 36% CGS ~ 50%+α CGS Power Station ~ 50%+α CGS Power Station 1kW~MW Turbine Combined System Not available Not available Available Available Reformer for Methane Fuel Necessary Necessary NOT necessary NOT necessary Specifications Easy start-up, Practical use stage Practical use stage High efficiency, Large scale High efficiency, Low cost manufacturing

8 SOFC Development approach of TG Transition of SOFC Development FY1989 ~FY 2000 (TG) Planar-type SOFC operable at high temperature (1,000 ) Electrolyte-self-supporting type cell Generated over 1kWe by internal reforming of methane. FY1998 ~FY2005 (TG) Development of Planar-type SOFC operable at intermediate temperature (750 ) anode-supported cell ---partly supported by NEDO (from FY2001 to FY2004) FY2004~present (TG, Kyocera, Rinnai, and Gastar) Flat-tubular segmented-in-series type SOFC at intermediate temperature (740 )

9 A table of contents 1. Background of Development 2. SOFC Development approach of TG 3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies 4. Progress of Development 5. Conclusions

10 SOFC Development by 4-Companies Formation of Development Cells-Stack, Bundle TG/Kyocera System TG/Rinnai/Gastar/ Kyocera

11 SOFC Development by 4-Companies Features of Flat Tubular Segmented-in- Series Type Cells-Stack of SOFC High Voltage/Low Current Compact Lower Manufacturing Cost Modifications of Inter-connect intermediate temperature operation Substrate Single Cell 9 Paths of Fuel See here

12 SOFC Development by 4-Companies Current Flow on/through a Cells-stack Flat Tubular Cells-stack Cathode(PLUS) Air Electrolyte Inter-connect Current Flow Anode (MINUS) See here Fuel To Next Cells-stack Air Cf. Typical Planar Type Cells-stack Current Flow Inter-connect See here Air Fuel + - Cathode Electrolyte Anode

13 SOFC Development by 4-Companies Integration of SOFC system Cells-Stack (10We) (14 Cells on Both Sides) a Bundle (210We) (21 Cells-Stacks) Single Cell Manifold Now Developing Present Stage SOFC System DC Module +Inverter, auxiliary Units, Control Unit, Waste Heat Recovery DC Module 2.5kWe DC 12 Bundles

14 SOFC Development by 4-Companies DC Module Diagram Insulation Exhausted (Around 200~300 ) High Temp. Partition DC power SOFC Bundles (Cellsstacks) 740 Heat Exchanger Pre-Reformer (especially for Propane, Butane) Air Fuel Desulfurizer SOFC System is Insulation is needed No cooling water subsystem Pre-Reformer Only Exhausted reaches to 200~300

15 SOFC Development by 4-Companies Outlook of SOFC DC module & DC system Now Developing SOFC System 2.5kWe DC Module Several-kW Class Efficiency 50% Co-generation 2.5kWe DC system

16 SOFC Development by 4-Companies 分散型発電システムの効率比較 Map 50 of various 55 distributed power system 45 GRID Efficiency (Demand Side) Plan TERGET Domestic SOFC (Kyocera) SOFC MCFC SOFC(SWPC) SOFC(MHI) SOFC(SWPC) (HYBRID) MCFC(FCE) Ceramic GE (R&D) YANMAR EP350G Fuel Cells SOFC PEFC MCFC PAFC Electrical Efficiency (HHV%) Electrical Efficiency (LHV%) Present Domestic 家庭用 PEFC Stroke ストイキ Smart GE GE Small ジェネライト size GE Gas Engine PAFC ,000 10,000 Generation Power (kw) Lean-Burn GE Electro-thermal 熱電可変 GT variable GT Gas Turbine Simple Cycle GT

17 A table of contents 1. Background of Development 2. SOFC Development approach of TG 3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies 4. Progress of Development 5. Conclusions

18 Progress of Development Performance of a Cells-stack (1) Fuel Utilization Ratio Dependence % 50% 60%(HHV) (CH 4 Conversion) Uf(%) CH 4 Conversion η(%) (LHV) Voltage (V/cell) セル電圧 (V/ cell) Fuel: 20%H 2 O-H A/cm 燃料利用率 (%) 80 Fuel Utilization (%) 100

19 Progress of Development Performance of a Cells-stack(3) Durability of a Cells-Stack Stack voltage (V) Fuel: Dry H A/cm Time (h) Total (14 cells) Side C (7 cells) Side A (7 cells) Degradation rate 3.5%/1,000hrs ~0%/1,000hrs Manufacturing issue causes this degradation of side A. (It s not a fatal problem)

20 Progress of Development Performance of a bundle Fuel Utilization Ratio Dependence Uf(%) CH 4 Conversion η(%) [LHV] Voltage (V) Fuel: Dry H A/cm CH 4 Conversion Efficiency (%[HHV]) Fuel utilization (%)

21 Current (A) Power 1.5 (We) Fuel Utilization Ratio (%) TIME (min min) Efficiency (%HHV HHV) Progress of Development Performance of a DC Module (1) Operation Result using CH 4 Fuel (from Start-up)

22 Progress of Development Performance of a DC Module (2) Fuel Utilization Ratio (%) DC Module Operation Results Operation Result using CH 4 Fuel (Thermally Self-sustainable) Output Power 2.5kWe DC Current (A) 2.0 Electrical Efficiency 56.1%(LHVDC)(50.5%(HHV)) In Future Electrical 1.0 Efficiency 50% LHVAC several kw Class 出力 (kw kw) at Efficiency (% (%HHV HHV) Temp. ( ) TIME (min min)

23 A table of contents 1. Background of Development 2. SOFC Development approach of TG 3. SOFC Development by 4-Companies 4. Progress of Development 5. Conclusions

24 Conclusions Conclusions(1) Summary of Development We have concentrated on a Flat Tubular Segmented-in-Serious Type SOFC since FY2003. Confirmed High Performance of cells-stacks and bundles We have developed DC module equipped with the cells-stacks. Achieved Electrical Efficiency 56.1% LHV-DC at 2.5kWe

25 Conclusions Conclusions(2) Plan of Development Cells-stacks System unit etc.) Durability Confirmation CHP(CGS) System Development (DC module + Inverter, Auxiliary units, Control unit & Waste heat recovery Reliability Improvement Cost Reduction Target Electrical efficiency 50%LHVAC(NET) Several kw Class We aim at practical use of SOFC in several years.

26 SOFC Development by 4-Companies Configuration of Flat Tubular Segmentedin-Series Type Cells-Stack of SOFC Single Cell Cathode Electrolyte Anode Substrate Inter-connect Fuel Air See here

27 SW1 SW2 SW3 SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8 SW9 SW10 SW11 SW12 Out put power (W) SW13 SW14 SW15 SW16 SW17 SW18 SW19 SW20 SW21 Progress of Development Performance of a bundle (1) Output Power of Each Cells-stack St ack no. Average 740 平均 739.5