MRC s Water Quality and Ecological Health Monitoring

Transcription

1 MRC s Water Quality and Ecological Health Monitoring

2 Contents of the Presentation An Overview of the MRC Environment Programme Water Quality Monitoring Network (WQMN) Ecological Health Monitoring (EHM) Data Sharing Challenges

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4 Environment Programme (EP) The overall goal of the EP is to support the cooperation among the Member Countries to secure a balance between economic development and ecological protection. The EP was initiated in 1996 as a 3-year programme in response to provisions set out in the 1995 Mekong Agreement (protecting the environment from harmful affects resulting from development plans and use of water). It was revised again in 2003 to addressed environmental concerns of the Member Countries. In 2007, the Programme was updated to support the MRC Strategic Plan for The EP was formulated in conjunction with the MRC Strategic Plan for and aligned with MRC Core River Basin Management Functions.

5 Achievements (1) Support the basin-wide regional water quality monitoring program the MRC Water Quality Monitoring Network. Comprehensive diagnostic water quality/biological surveys in and Approval of the Procedures for Water Quality in Ecological health monitoring established in 2003 Wetland inventory, classification and mapping from 1995.

6 Achievements (2) Social Impact Monitoring & Vulnerability Assessment initiated in 2006 and completed fullscale monitoring from monitoring is ongoing focusing on shock and trend factors Framework and guidelines prepared for Transboundary EIA. Strengthened environmental knowledge base (e.g. MRC Technical Papers series, Management Information series, Report Cards). Capacity building in Member Countries for line agencies, through case studies training events, QA/QC assistance, etc.

7 Achievements (3) Technical Papers and other documents updating environmental data are regularly published.

8 Keys Environment Monitoring Under the EP PIP Outcome 1 Environmental Monitoring, Assessment and Reporting Water quality monitoring Ecological health monitoring Social Impact Monitoring & Vulnerability Assessment Monitoring change of wetland Biodiversity monitoring

9 Water Quality Monitoring Network (WQMN)

10 Background The MRC WQMN was established in response to concerns of the Member Countries on potential water pollution and its transboundary implication. As such, the objectives of the network are to: Provide timely data and information on the status of the water quality of the Mekong River and its tributaries Facilitate in the identification of change in water quality of the Mekong River Provide data that can be used by stakeholders as a baseline to assess and identify potential impacts of developments Provide uniform guidelines for routine WQ monitoring so that data and information from each Member Country can be compared and can facilitate identification of transboundary implication of water pollution

11 Location and Approach Being implemented to support the implementation of PWQ and its technical guidelines. Routine water quality monitoring as part of the MRC WQMN (1985) 48 primary monitoring stations in 2015: 19 stations in Cambodia; 11 stations in Lao PDR; 8 stations in Thailand; 10 stations in Viet Nam. Monitoring is carried out based on the agreed Terms of Reference for the monitoring: 12 routine water quality parameters on a monthly basis; 6 major ions parameters monitored between April and October; Standard methods for water and wastewater examination; Water samples to be collected at the middle of stream and about 30 cm below surface.

12 Parameters/Methods No Analytical parameter Analytical Methods 1 Temperature 2550-Temp/SM 2 ph 4500-H + /SM 3 Conductivity (Salinity) 2510-Ec/SM 4 Alkalinity/ Acidity 2320-A/SM 5 Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 4500-O/SM 6 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 5220-COD/SM 7 Total phosphorous (T-P) 4500-P/SM 8 Total Nitrogen (T-N) 4500-N/SM 9 Ammonium (NH 4 -N) 4500-NH 4 /SM 10 Nitrite (NO 2-3 -N) 4500-NO 2-3 /SM 11 Faecal Coliform 9221-Faecal Coliform group/sm 12 Total Suspended Solid 2540-D-TSS-SM

13 Parameters/Methods No Analytical parameter Analytical Methods 1 Calcium (Ca) 3500-Ca-B/SM 2 Magnesium (Mg) 3500-Mg-B/SM 3 Sodium (Na) 3500-Na-B/SM 4 Potassium (K) 3500-K-B/SM 5 Sulphate (SO 4 ) SO 4 E/SM 6 Chloride (Cl) 4500-Cl/SM

14 Special Diagnostic Study 28 monitoring sites were selected for surface water and sediment monitoring (19 mainstream + 9 tributaries) 20 sites were selected for biota monitoring (13 mainstream + 7 tributaries) 85 parameters analysed 41 for surface water 24 for sediment and 20 for biota Outcomes of the study will be used to support the implementation of Procedures for Water Quality and will be subject to consultation with the Member Countries 14

15 Principal activities Target contaminants persistent organochlorines and heavy metals Persistent Organochlorines Heavy metals and other trace elements Non-persistent toxic substances Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 1 Priority 2 - DDT and metabolites - Hexachlorob enzene (HCB) - Alpha- and gammahexachlorocy clohaxane (HCH) - Chlordane (CHL) - Total PCB - Total Organochlorine Pesticides - Toxaphene - Aldrin, Endrin & dieldrin - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polybrominated biphenyls flame retardants - Endosulphan - Dioxins and Furans - Mercury (Hg) - Cadmium (Cd) - Lead (Pb) - Arsenic (As - Chromiu m (Cr) - Nickel (Ni) - Copper (Cu) - Zink (Zn) - Barium (Ba) - Mangane se (Mn) - Selenium (Se) - Cyanid e (CN) - Phenols - Polyaromat ic hydrocarbones (total PAH) - Pyrethroids & Organophosphates

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17 Monitoring on the 3-S Station ID Station Names Rivers Data Availability Countries H Phum Pi Se San present H Angdoung Meas Se San Present H Lumphat Sre Pork Present H Siem Pang Sekong Present Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia Cambodia H Pleicu Se San Present Viet Nam H Ban Don Sre Pok Present Viet Nam Historically WQMN has data at 11 Stations on the 3-S - 4 in Cambodia - 7 in Viet Nam

18 Outputs Water Quality Data is stored in the agreed format (data should be electronically submitted to the MRC Secretariat within ten (10) working days of each month). A National Water Quality Data Assessment Report. The Water Quality Monitoring Network Laboratories participating in the Assignment are required to prepare and submit one (1) hard copy and one (1) electronic file of the water quality data assessment report with a full water quality data set to the MRCS. A Regional Water Quality Data Assessment Report prepared by the MRC Secretariat. Overall water quality analysis The MRC Report Card on the Mekong River Water Quality prepared by the MRC Secretariat once every two years Status of water quality based on different type of use (e.g. protection of human health, protection of aquatic life, etc.)

19 Ecological Health Monitoring

20 Background The objective of the EHM is to determine whether changes in water quality have any effect on fish and other aquatic life in the Mekong River and its tributaries Conducted by a group of national experts of the Member Countries, including biologists and ecologists Commenced by the MRC in 2003 Monitoring carried out one every two years

21 Timeline for EHM in the Mekong river systems Design of activities Develop and test methods Transfer of activities Dissemination 2003: Selection of biological groups Benthic diatoms; Zooplankton; Littoral macroinvertebrates; Benthic macroinvertebrates 2007: Site evaluation using biological metrics 2010: Data collection 2011: published Methods handbook Identification books (Invert.) : Testing of biological metrics 2009: Data analysis and reporting : Biennial EHM Monitoring

22 Background 2011, monitoring at 41 stations (8 stations each in Lao PDR, Thailand, and Viet Nam, and 17 stations in Cambodia) 22 stations are located on the same or near WQM stations 11 are located on the Mekong and Bassac Rivers Data collection and identification of biota indicators (benthic diatoms, zooplankton, littoral and benthic macroinvertebrates) Overall assessment of the site using: Abundance (individual per unit of area/volume/sample) Average richness (indicator group per samples) Tolerance values

23 Monitoring at the 3-S 6 Stations are located on the 3-S 3 on the Se San 2 on the Sekong 1 on the Sre Pok 1 Station in Lao PDR 5 Stations in Cambodia From stations in Viet Nam 2 on the Sre Pok 1 on the Se San

24 Station Name Countries Rivers 2013 EHM 2013 WQI al Chiang Sean Thailand Mekong B B Luang Prabang Laos Mekong * B Vientiane Laos Mekong * B Nakhon Phanom Thailand Mekong A B Kong Chiam Thailand Mekong A B Kratie / Kampi Pool Cambodia Mekong B B Neak Loung Cambodia Mekong C B Tan Chau / Thuong Thoi Viet Nam Mekong C B My Thuan Viet Nam Mekong C B Koh Khel Cambodia Bassac B B Can Tho Viet Nam Bassac C C Chau Doc / Da Phuoc Viet Nam Bassac C B Chiang Rai Thailand Mae Kok B Ban Chai Buri Thailand Song Kham B Se Bang Fai Bridge Laos Se Bang Fai * Na Kae Thailand Nam Kam A Se Bang Hieng Bridge Laos Se Bang Hieng * Se Done Bridge /Ban Hae Laos Se Done * Ubon Thailand Mun A Phum Phi (Phi Village) Cambodia Se San B Prek Kdam Cambodia Tonle Sap B Phnom Penh Port Cambodia Tonle Sap C

25 Data Sharing

26 Existing water quality information in the In accordance with PDIES Data is shared through data portal Interactive maps Temporal trends for key water quality parameters (ph, EC, DO, COD, nutrients, TSS) Water quality indices for Human Impact, Protection of Aquatic Life, Agricultural Use 22 stations are included (17 on the Mekong River and 5 on the Bassac River) Allow the map to be updated as soon as WQ data becomes available MRC Data Portal Technical reports and report card

27 Challenges

28 Challenges relating to water quality and ecological health monitoring Sustain the monitoring post decentralization Determine the relationships between the observed data and land use within the LMB Better risk assessment and methods for communicating water quality monitoring results Additional stations to capture potential transboundary water quality issues Address the requirements under the Procedures for Water Quality Heavy metals and pesticides

29 Thank you.