Expert Group Meeting on Slum Mapping. Gora Mboup, Ph.D. Chief Global Urban Observatory Monitoring Research Division UN-HABITAT

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1 Expert Group Meeting on Slum Mapping Gora Mboup, Ph.D. Chief Global Urban Observatory Monitoring Research Division UN-HAITAT

2 UN-HAITAT s MANDATE The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HAITAT) is mandated by the United Nations General Assembly to monitor and report on the progress of the implementation of the Habitat Agenda (HA). In the aftermath of the Millennium Declaration in September 2000, the Agency has the added responsibility to report on the significant improvement in the lives of slum dwellers, Target 11, of the Millennium Declaration Goals (MDG)

3 Habitat Agenda has five chapters 1 Shelter 2 Social development 3 Environmental management 4 Economic development 5 Governance 20 key indicators + 9 check-list + 13 extensive indicators

4 The Global Urban Indicators Database GUID data 46 key indicators 237 Cities GUID data 23 key indicators 242 Cities A five year production cycle GUID data 20 key indicators 353 Cities

5 Global sample of 360 cities Worldwide representative 40 cities per UN region Latin America & Caribbean 40 cities Other Developed 40 cities Europe 40 cities Sub-Saharan Africa 40 cities Western Asia 40 cities Asia Oceania 563 millions North Africa 40 cities South Central Asia 40 cities World 360 cities Eastern Asia 40 cities South Eastern Asia 40 cities

6 Global Urban Indicators Chapter Objectifs Indicadors 1 Shelter 1. Promote the right to adequate housing 2. Provide security of tenure 3. Provide equal access to land 4. Promote equal access to credit 5. Promote access to basic services Indicator 1. Durable Structures Indicator 2. Overcrowding Qualitative data: right to adequate housing Extensive Indicator: house price and rent / income

7 Habitat Agenda Indicators Chapter/ Habitat Agenda goals 1. Shelter Promote the right to adequate housing Provide security of tenure Provide equal access to credit Provide equal access to land Indicators Key indicator 1: durable structures Key indicator 2: overcrowding check-list 1: right to adequate housing extensive indicator 1: housing price and rent-to-income Key indicator 3: secure tenure extensive indicator 2: authorized housing extensive indicator 3: evictions check-list 2: housing finance extensive indicator 4: land price-toincome Cluster A A

8 Chapter/ Habitat Agenda goals Promote access to basic services Habitat Agenda Indicators Indicators Key indicator 4: access to safe water Key indicator 5: access to improved sanitation Key indicator 6: connection to services 2. Social development and eradication of poverty Cluster A A A Provide equal opportunities for a safe and healthy life Promote social integration and support disadvantaged groups Promote gender equality in human settlements development Key indicator 7: under-five mortality Key indicator 8: homicides check-list 3: urban violence extensive indicator 5: HIV prevalence Key indicator 9: poor households Key indicator 10: literacy rates check-list 4: gender inclusion extensive indicator 6: school enrolment extensive indicator 7: women councilors A A- A A A

9 Habitat Agenda Indicators Chapter/ Habitat Indicators Agenda goals 3. Environmental Management Promote geographicallybalanced settlement structures Manage supply and demand for water in an effective manner Reduce urban pollution Prevent disasters and rebuild settlements Key indicator 11: urban population growth Key indicator 12: planned settlements Key indicator 13: price of water extensive indicator 8: water consumption Key indicator 14: wastewater treated Key indicator 15: solid waste disposal extensive indicator 9: regular solid waste collection check-list 5: disaster prevention and mitigation instruments extensive indicator 10: houses in hazardous locations Cluster A

10 Habitat Agenda Indicators Chapter/ Habitat Agenda goals Indicators Cluster Promote effective and environmentally sound transportation systems Support mechanisms to prepare and implement local environmental plans and local Agenda 21 initiatives 4. Economic Development Key indicator 16: travel time extensive indicators 11: transport modes check-list 6: local environmental plans Strengthen small and micro-enterprises, particularly those developed by women Encourage public-private sector partnership and stimulate productive employment opportunities Key indicator 17: informal employment Key indicator 18: city product Key indicator 19: unemployment A- A-

11 Habitat Agenda Indicators Chapter/ Habitat Agenda goals 5. Governance Promote decentralisation and strengthen local authorities Encourage and support participation and civic engagement Ensure transparent, accountable and efficient governance of towns, cities and metropolitan areas Indicators Key indicator 20: local government revenue Check-list 7: decentralization Check-list 8: citizens participation extensive indicator 12: voters participation extensive indicator 13: civic associations Check-list 9: transparency and accountability Cluster

12 Millennium Development Goals Goal 7 Target 11 y 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers In the aftermath of the Millennium Declaration in September 2000, the Agency has the added responsibility to report on the significant improvement in the lives of slum dwellers, Target 11, of the Millennium Declaration Goals (MDG)

13 Slum : until 2002, no internationally agreed definitions, concepts and method of computation Lack of slum definition and concepts Lack of slum data and indicators Not included in most MDG country report

14 Expert Group meeting 2002 UN-HAITAT organized a gathering of experts and other stakeholders from around the globe, to reach to an agreement on the universal definition of secure tenure and slums, in Nairobi, October The Expert Group Meeting (EGM) was a major consensus building exercise on the definition of security of tenure and slums, which enabled, the measurable articulation of the meta-global indicators, indicators and sub-indicators of each concept

15 Slum Household Indicators from the EGM A slum household is considered to be a group of individuals living under the same roof that lack one or more of the below conditions: Access to improved water Access to improved sanitation Access to secure tenure Durability of housing Sufficient living area

16 Operational Definitions 1. Water & sanitation Access to improved water Piped connection to house or plot Public stand pipe ore hole-protected dug well Protected spring Rain water collection ottle water* Access to adequate sanitation Direct connection to public sewer Direct connection to septic tank Poor flush latrine Ventilated improved pit latrine Pit latrine with slab 2. Housing Durability & Sufficient Living Area Housing durability Permanency of Structure Compliance of building codes Location of house (hazardous) Sufficient living area A house is considered to provide a sufficient living area for the household members if three or less people share the same room. 3. Secure tenure Evidence of documentation that can be used as proof of secure tenure status Either de facto or perceived / protection from forced evictions

17 What is measured? Four out of five of the slum definition indicators measure physical expressions of slum conditions: lack of water, lack of sanitation, overcrowded conditions, and non-durable housing structures. These indicators focus attention on the circumstances that surround slum life, depicting deficiencies and casting poverty as an attribute of the environments in which slum dwellers live. The fifth indicator security of tenure has to do with legality, which is not as easy to measure or monitor, as the tenure status of slum dwellers often depends on de facto or de jure rights or lack of them. This indicator has special relevance for measuring the denial and violation of housing rights, as well as the progressive fulfillment of these rights

18 Methods and Primary Data Sources 1. Urban population : World Urbanization Prospects: The 2001 Revision 2. Water & Sanitation WHO/UNICEF Water and Sanitation Assessment (JMP) Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) Other household data (surveys or census) 3. Durability of Housing & Sufficient Living Area DHS & MICS or other household data (census or survey) UNSD Housing Statistics UN-Habitat Global Report on Human Settlements 4. Security of Tenure Insufficient data

19 illion people 1 SLUM POPULATION OF THE WORLD (in millions) Year Urban slum population, estimated Urban slum population, original target 11 Urban slum population, modified target 11

20 Fine tuning in methods needed for assisting national policies Countries differ vis a vis two aspects: Magnitude of the problem: proportion of slum dwellers Severity of problem, ie, the multitude of deprivations in a country

21 Magnitude & severity of the slum problem and policy implications (SSA) Slum and shelter deprivation Percent of slum dwellers (At least one deprivation) Moderate shelter deprivation (only one deprivation) Severe shelter deprivation (two) Extreme severe shelter deprivation (three or all) South Africa Tanza nia Uganda Zambia

22 Magnitude & severity of the slum problem and policy implications (Asia) Slum and shelter deprivation India angla desh Indone sia Nepal Percent of slum dwellers (At least one deprivation) Moderate shelter deprivation (only one deprivation) Severe shelter deprivation (two) Extreme severe shelter deprivation (three or all )

23 Magnitude & severity of the slum problem and policy implications (LAC) Slum and shelter deprivation razil Colom bia Guate mala Nicarag ua Percent of slum dwellers (At least one deprivation) Moderate shelter deprivation (only one deprivation) severe shelter deprivation (two) Extreme severe shelter deprivation (three or all)