Chapter 8: Indoor Environmental Quality

Transcription

1 Chapter 8: Indoor Environmental Quality 1 Learning Objectives Minimum indoor air quality performance Environmental tobacco smoke control Enhanced indoor air quality strategies Low-emitting materials Construction indoor air quality management plan Indoor air quality assessment Thermal comfort Interior lighting Daylight Quality views Acoustic performance 2 1

2 What constitutes Indoor Environment? Thermal Comfort Air Quality Lighting Comfort Acoustics Significant for schools 3 Significance 4 2

3 We spend 90% of the time indoor Indoor 2-5 times more polluted compared to outdoors Improvement in indoor environment improves productivity and reduces absenteeism 5 Minimum indoor air quality performance 6 3

4 Intent To contribute to the comfort and well-being of building occupants by establishing minimum standards for indoor air quality (IAQ). 7 Ventilation Natural Ventilation Mechanical Ventilation Mixed mode Ventilation CIBSE Application Manual 10 ASHRAE

5 Enhanced indoor air quality strategies 9 Intent To promote occupants comfort, well-being, and productivity by improving indoor air quality. 10 5

6 Strategies & Implementation 11 Increased Ventilation Provide increased ventilation requirements beyond ASHRAE Increased ventilation is a tradeoff with energy performance Consider Heat recovery ventilation and Demand Control ventilation to improve energy performance 12 6

7 Heat Recovery Wheel/Heat Recovery Ventilation 13 Demand Control Ventilation CO 2 Sensor 14 7

8 Entryway systems: Use entryway systems 10 feet long at all regular entrances Filtration: In mechanically ventilated buildings, use MERV rated filters for all AHUs in accordance with ASHRAE Avoid Cross contamination from contaminated areas Janitor rooms, copier rooms & chemical storage rooms should be Directly exhausted outside Negative Pressure Self closing doors Impermeable deck to Partition 16 8

9 Environmental tobacco smoke control Protect occupants from second hand smoke 17 Intent To prevent or minimize exposure of building occupants, indoor surfaces, and ventilation air distribution systems to environmental tobacco smoke 18 9

10 Non Residential Projects Prohibit smoking inside the building Prohibit smoking outside the building except designated smoking areas. Prohibit smoking outside the building if spaces used for business purposes. Provide signage indicating no smoking policy within 10 of all building entrances. 19 Residential Projects: Compartmentalization of smoking areas Prohibit smoking in common areas Ensure air tightness in the unit by blower test Weather seal Window and door frames Seal penetrations in walls and ceilings Demonstrate a maximum leakage of 0.23cfm/sq.ft at 50 Pa Both Residential & Non Residential Projects Exterior Smoking areas shall be atleast 25 away from windows, doors or air intake points 20 10

11 Low-emitting materials Paints & Coatings Adhesives & Sealants Carpet & Flooring Composite & Agrifiber Materials 21 Intent To reduce concentrations of chemical contaminants that can damage air quality, human health, productivity, and the environment

12 Significance 23 Finishing materials have high concentration of pollutants such as Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs), Formaldehyde etc These pollutants pose serious problems on IAQ and to smog 24 12

13 Strategies & Implementation 25 Material Adhesives, sealants, primers, Wood finishes, floor coatings Aerosol adhesives, Architectural paints & coatings, Interior anti-corrosive and antirust paint LEED Compliance requirement Comply with VOC requirements of South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Comply with Green Seal Carpets Comply with Green Label Plus (Carpet and Rug Institute) Carpet cushion Comply with Green Label (Carpet and Rug Institute) Vinyl, linoleum, laminate, wood, ceramic, Comply with FloorScore rubber flooring Furniture and seating Comply with GREENGUARD 26 13

14 Construction indoor air quality management plan 27 Intent To promote the well-being of construction workers and building occupants by minimizing indoor air quality problems associated with construction and renovation

15 Strategies & Implementation 29 Develop an IAQ Management which meets the requirements of SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for buildings under construction IAQ Management shall cover Protection of HVAC equipment Source control Housekeeping Pathway interruption Scheduling 30 15

16 If permanently installed air handlers are used during construction, provide MERV(Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value) rated filters in all return grills. ASHRAE 52.2 provides methodology to evaluate MERV rating of filters 31 Indoor air quality assessment 32 16

17 Intent To establish better quality indoor air in the building after construction and during occupancy. 33 Indoor Air Quality Assessment Flush the building by supplying outdoor air Conduct IAQ test 34 17

18 Thermal comfort 35 Intent To promote occupants productivity, comfort, and well-being by providing quality thermal comfort

19 Thermal comfort Thermal comfort depends on parameters such as temperature, humidity, air velocity etc., HVAC design should comply with ASHRAE standard for thermal comfort. 37 Thermal comfort controllability Provide more number of operable controls for the occupants to control the thermal environment such as temperature & air velocity. Thermostats, fans, accessible diffusers & operable windows are acceptable control devices

20 Thermal comfort Verification Thermal comfort survey to be conducted within one year after occupancy. At least a satisfaction level of 80% has to be achieved If more than 20% of the occupants dissatisfied corrective actions to be taken. 39 Interior lighting 40 20

21 Intent To promote occupants productivity, comfort, and well-being by providing high-quality lighting. 41 Interior Lighting Provide individual lighting controls for workstations Shared multi occupant spaces like meeting rooms should have controls for different lighting requirements 42 21

22 Day light & Quality Views 43 Intent Daylight: To connect building occupants with the outdoors, reinforce circadian rhythms, and reduce the use of electrical lighting by introducing daylight into the space. Quality Views: To give building occupants a connection to the natural outdoor environment by providing quality views

23 Day light & Quality Views Optimize the glazing orientation to maximize daylight and minimize heat gain/heat loss Use day lighting devices such as light shelves, sun tubes etc External & Internal Light Shelves Sun tubes 45 Use glare control devices like internal and external shades Consider using Automated shading devices Reduce reflective glazing which may cause external glare and bird collision 46 23

24 Acoustic performance 47 Intent To provide workspaces and classrooms that promote occupants well-being, productivity, and communications through effective acoustic design

25 Acoustic Performance Reduce background noise from HVAC Equipment Sound Transmission Class and Reverberation time to comply with relevant standards 49 Summary Minimum indoor air quality performance Environmental tobacco smoke control Enhanced indoor air quality strategies Low-emitting materials Construction indoor air quality management plan Indoor air quality assessment Thermal comfort Interior lighting Daylight Quality views Acoustic performance 50 25

26 Questions? Put your questions in the forum 51 26