Indoor Environmental Quality

Transcription

1 Indoor Environmental Quality Factors that affect IEQ Air Quality IEQ Materials Connectivity 1

2 Fresh Air Ventilation Enhance indoor air quality Comfort Performance Well-being of the occupants Good IEQ can enhance occupant productivity by 5-15% Headache after seeing a movie Headache after having slept in an A/C room for 8 hours? 2

3 Sick building syndrome (SBS) Occupants experience acute health and comfort effects that are linked to time spent in a building; no specific illness or cause can be identified SBS Symptoms Dry eyes Dry throat Headache Dry skin Mucous membrane irritation Lethargy Asthmatic symptoms 3

4 Typical Fresh Air Requirements ASHRAE Area cfm per person cfm per sq.ft Office space Auditorium Conference/ Meeting Cafeteria Retail Sales Mall Common areas Bank Sports Aerobics / Dance How Much Fresh Air & When When should we pump in the fresh air? a) When indoor air gets bad b) Whenever occupants require 4

5 Location of Fresh Air Intakes Should be located away from contaminant sources: Cooling towers Building exhaust fans Sanitary vents Standing water Outside smoking rooms Vehicular exhaust Parking garages Street traffic, etc., CO 2 Monitoring -Concept Outside CO ppm 1400 ppm Outside CO ppm 930 ppm Case #1 Case #2 Poor Ventilation Good Ventilation Inside/outside differential = 1000 ppm Inside/outside differential = 530 ppm Not more than 530 ppm (differential) w.r.t outside 5

6 CO 2 Monitoring Install CO 2 sensors in return air ducts of all regularly occupied spaces To maintain a differential CO 2 level of maximum 530 ppm Non Air-conditioned Spaces Provide operable windows & doors to the exteriors, in all regularly occupied areas: Space Type Regularly Occupied Spaces (<100 sq.m) Regularly Occupied Spaces (> 100 sq.m) Percentage of Openable Area to the Total Carpet Area 8% 12% 6

7 Operable Windows Indian Railways Institute of Civil Engineering (IRICEN), Pune Platinum rated Non Air-conditioned Spaces Sample Summary Calculations to determine Outdoor Air Ventilation Rates Type of Space Open Office Meeting Room Training Room Net Carpet Area (sq.m) Description of Operable Openings 75 (3) 2m x 2.5m slider Window 30 (1) 3m x 2.5m slider Windw 125 (4) 4m x 2.5m slider window Cafeteria 175 (4) 4m x 2.5m slider window Openable Area (sq.m) Openable Area/Carpet Area (%) Baseline Operable Area (%) Meet the Criteria % 8% Y % 8% Y % 12% Y % 12% N 7

8 Tobacco Smoke Control Intent Minimise exposure of non-smokers to the adverse health impacts arising due to passive smoking in the building Tobacco Smoke Control Option 1: Prohibit smoking in the building Demonstrate that smoking is prohibited in the building As per regulations of Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India Provide signages Declaration Letter from the Owner 8

9 Tobacco Smoke Control Option 2: Have designated smoking areas Provide designated smoking areas Deck-to-deck partition Exhaust air louver/ duct» 7.6 m away from building air-intakes To operate at a negative pressure» Average of 5 Pa Smoking Room at Kolkata Airport To prove leakage is zero Tobacco Smoke Control ISRO s IMGEOS & NDEM Facility National Remote Sensing Centre, Shadnagar Platinum rated 9

10 Low-Emitting Materials Indoor Materials impact IAQ (Any three measures) 1) Paints & Coatings 2) Adhesives 3) Carpets 4) Composite wood 5) New Wood Furniture Paints & Coatings Type of Paints & Coatings VOC Limit (g/l less water) Non-flat (Glossy) Flat (Mat) Anti-corrosive/ Anti-rust Clear Wood Finish: Varnish Clear Wood Finish: Lacquer Floor Coatings Low VOC Paints 10

11 Adhesives Applications VOC Limit (g/l less water) Glazing Adhesives 100 Ceramic tile Adhesives 65 Drywall & panel Adhesive 50 Wood substrata Adhesives 30 Wood flooring Adhesives 100 HVAC duct insulation 850 Indoor Carpet Adhesives 50 Multipurpose Construction Adhesives 70 Carpets Comply with CRI Green Label Plus Programme Only if, the carpet is installed in at least 10% of the total carpet area 11

12 Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products Must not contain added urea formaldehyde resins Can disintegrate faster at room temperatures Low VOC resins: Phenol & Melamine formaldehyde resins New Wood Furniture Work stations, chairs, tables, cabinets, etc., Must not exceed maximum indoor air concentrations Maximum Indoor Air Concentrations Chemical Contaminant TVOC Formaldehyde Total Aldehydes 4 Phenylcyclohexene (4 PCH) Emission Limits for System Furniture / Seating 0.5 mg per m3/ 0.25 mg per m3 50 parts per billion/ 25 parts per billion 100 parts per billion/ 50 parts per billion mg per m3/ mg per m3 12

13 Outdoor Pollutants Have an entry carpet of atleast 2 meters (6 feet) length At all main entrances of the building Outdoor Pollutants Air Filtering Media (for Mechanically Ventilated Buildings) Install air filtering media after building flush-out, with atleast MERV 13 or EU 7 MERV 13 Filters Germicidal/ UV Lamps (for Mechanically Ventilated Buildings) Install germicidal/ UV lamps in air-handling unit (AHU) cooling coils UV Germicidal Light 13

14 Indoor Pollutants Hazardous gases or chemicals from regularly occupied areas Eg: Printer rooms, chemical storage rooms, janitor rooms, etc., Exhaust system, Self-closing door, Entryway systems Deck-to-deck partition / hard ceiling Exhaust systems Regularly Occupied Spaces Spaces where people sit or stand as they work, irrespective of the number of days occupied in a year Workstations, meeting rooms, waiting areas, cafeteria, etc., 14

15 Daylighting Intent Ensure connectivity between the interior and the exterior environment, by providing adequate daylighting ONGC, Dehradun Daylighting Compliance Options The project can choose any one of the following options or a combination: Option 1 Simulation Approach Option 2 Measurement Approach Percentage of Regularly Occupied Spaces with Daylighting > 75% > 95% Points

16 Daylighting Option 1: Simulation Approach Daylight illuminance levels between 110 Lux to 2,200 Lux in clear sky condition On 21 st September at 12 noon, at working plane Simulation Result 16

17 Daylighting Option 2: Measurement Approach Measure on 10 feet grid Consider average of the measurements taken at 9 am, 12 pm, and 3 p.m. Minimum 110 lux Luxmeter for measurement of Illuminance Values Daylighting Light Pipe Low Height partition for workstations ISRO s IMGEOS & NDEM Facility National Remote Sensing Centre, Shadnagar Platinum Rated Diffused natural light through light pipe 17

18 Outdoor Views Intent Ensure connectivity between the interior and the exterior environment, by providing adequate views CII Godrej GBC, Hyderabad Outdoor Views Compliance Option: Access to views for occupants in 75% of regularly occupied areas ONGC, Dehradun 18

19 Direct line of sight to outdoor environment Vision glazing Between 0.9 m and 2.1 m, above finished floor level No obstruction of views Outdoor Views At least 8 meters from the exterior vision glazing Occupant Well-being Facilities Intent Provide occupant well-being facilities To enhance physical, emotional and spiritual well-being of building occupants 19

20 Occupant Well-being Facilities Compliance Option : Demonstrate that the project has occupant well-being facilities such as: Gymnasium Aerobics Meditation or yoga Any indoor/ outdoor games Cater to at least 5% of building occupants, through the day Occupant Well-being Facilities Tetrapak, Chakan Platinum rated Bombay House, Mumbai Gold Rated 20

21 Indoor Air Quality Testing (During and After Construction) Intent Avoid occupant s exposure to indoor airborne contaminants before occupying the premises To reduce the adverse health impacts on building occupants Indoor Air Quality Management (During Construction) Have an IAQ management plan during construction: Scheduling Electrical & Mechanical equipment & systems protection Housekeeping Isolate clean areas 21

22 Indoor Air Quality Management (During Construction) Air-Conditioning ducts covered during construction Chillers covered during construction AHU s covered during construction Insulation covered during construction Indoor Air Quality Management (During Construction) All the materials & equipments at the construction site are covered or kept separately in the boxes Construction site area & pathways kept clean Construction Workers wearing Safety Helmets & safety harness 22

23 Indoor Air Quality Testing (After Construction and Before Occupancy) Compliance Options: Conduct baseline IAQ testing Using protocols consistent with the ISO methods Conduct additional flush-out with outside air Where the maximum concentration limits are exceeded Maximum Concentration Levels Contaminant Formaldehyde Particulates (PM10) Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) 4-Phenylcyclohexene (4- PCH)* Carbon monoxide (CO) 27 parts per billion Maximum Concentration 50 micrograms per cubic meter 500 micrograms per cubic meter 6.5 micrograms per cubic meter 9 part per million and no greater than 2 parts per million above outdoor levels * This test is only required if carpets and fabrics with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex backing are installed as part of the base building systems. 23

24 Indoor Environmental Quality Credit Title Point(s) Mandatory Requirement 1 Mandatory Requirement 2 Minimum Fresh Air Ventilation Tobacco Smoke Control Required Required Credit 1 CO 2 Monitoring 1 Credit 2 Daylighting 1-2 Credit 3 Outdoor Views 1 Credit 4 Minimise Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants 1 Credit 5 Low-emitting Materials 1-3 Credit 6 Occupant Well-being Facilities 1 Credit 7 Credit 8 Air Quality Testing, After Construction and Before Occupancy Indoor Air Quality Management, During Construction 2 1 Total 12 Go Green... 24