LEED. Possible credit Required. EQc2.1. EQc3.1 EQc3.2. EQc5 EQc6 EQc7 EQc8 EQc9 EQc10. Interior lighting Daylight Quality views.

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1 Indoor Environmental Quality Part in rating system LEED 67 EQ Indoor Environmental Quality Credit Code Credit Title EQp1 Minimum IAQ performance EQp2 Environmental tobaccoo smoke control EQp3 Constructionn IAQ management plan EQc1 Enhanced IAQ strategies EQc2.1 Limit Entry of Outdoor Contaminants 72 EQc2.22 Limit Contaminants from Indoor Source 73 EQc3.1 Control Moisture in Building Assemblies 74 EQc3.2 Control Moisture and Contaminants Related to Mechanical Systems 75 EQc4 IAQ assessment EQc5 EQc6 EQc7 EQc8 EQc9 EQc10 Thermal comfort Interior lighting Daylight Quality views Acoustic performance 76 Post Occupancy Comfort Survey: Verification 77 Possible credit Required Required Required Possible 10 points Possible 5 points Possible 5 points Possible 6 points Possible 5 points Possible 2 points Possible 6 points Possible 5 points Possible 4 points Possible 1 point Possible 3 points Possible 1 point 72 ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide, 73 ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide, 74 ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide, 75 ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide, 76 BREEAM, UK Green Building Council 77 Green Building Index, Malaysia, p12

2 68 Minimum indoor air quality performance ventilation and monitoring EQp1 l Required Same as LEED v4 (just revised the title of credit to clarify the purpose and addedd CO monitoring requirement) Addedd Requirements Carbone monoxide (CO) monitoring - For closed parking spaces inside the building, it needs to be equipped with gas sensors installation of carbon monoxide (CO) which has a mechanism to regulate the amount of outside air ventilation so that the concentrationn of CO inside the room is no more than 23 ppm. The sensor is placed 20 inch (50 cm) above the floor near the exhaust grille. 78 Due to the high density of development, most of hi-rise residential and offices in Arlington have underground garage spaces in building. Therefore, the monitoring and controlling of CO is required in those cases. 78 GBC Indonesia, Greenship Existing Building Version 1.0

3 69 Environmental EQp2 l Required Same as LEED v4 tobacco smoke control Construction indoor air quality management plan EQp3 l Required Same as LEED v4 (but moved from credit section to pre-requisite section, and addedd Scheduling and Managing requirements) Addedd Requirements Employ Project Scheduling and Manage Construction Activities to Facilitate Good IAQ (adopted from ASHRAE IAQ guide) - All phasess of the construction project need to be identified and evaluated for scheduling purposess and construction management. In particular, a Cx schedule covering each phase of the project needs to be developed, and part of the Cx work need s to include checking to insure that IAQ-related project scheduling activities are properly implemented. These issues are directly related to the Indoor Environmental Quality at the beginning of occupancy, therefore this category needs to be changed to a pre- requisite. Also sound IAQ plan coupled with proper scheduling and sequencing of the construction project will help ensure achievement of good IAQ ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide,

4 70 Enhanced indoor air quality strategies EQc1 l Possible 10 points Same as LEED v4 (but added some requirements regarding to integrated design process and application of advanced HVAC systems) Addedd Requirements Option 3. Integrated Design Approach and Solutions 80 (3 points) - Integrationn of Envelope, Illumination, and Mechanical Design - Integrationn on Interior Architecture with Illumination, Air Quality, and Thermal Strategies - Use of Hybrid Ventilation, Occupant Control, and Daylight Option 4. Select HVAC Systems to Improve IAQ and Reduce the Energy Impacts of Ventilation 81 (5 points) Similar with Objective 8 Apply More Advancedd Ventilation Approaches in ASHRAE IAQ Guide For natural an d/or displacement ventilation to work, the building thermal solar gains and thermal losses have to be reduced to less than 13 Btu/ft 2 (40W/m 2 ) - Use Dedicate Outdoor Air Systems Where Appropriate - Use Energy Recovery Ventilation Where Appropriate - Use Demand-Controlled Ventilation Where Appropriate - Use Natural or Mixed-Mode Ventilation Where Appropriate - Use the ASHRAE Standard IAQ Procedure Where Appropriate The integrate design through cooperation among architects and consultants is a key to achieve IAQ and other performance goals at reasonable cost. Also the application of advanced HVAC system instead of using conventional systems is a very direct and efficient way to improve IAQ, there could be an energy saving achieved at the same time. 80 ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide,, Strategy ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide,, Strategy 1.3

5 71 Limit Entry of Outdoor Contaminants EQc2. 1 l Possible 5 points Adopted from ASHRAE IAQ Guide s 82 Intent To limit entry of contaminants include particles and gases in outdoor air, contaminants in the soil and groundwater, herbicides and pesticides applied around the building, and contaminants carried in by pests. Requirements For more details, see Objective 3 Limit Entry of Outdoor Contaminants in ASHRAE IAQ Guide Option 1. Investigate Regional and Local Outdoor Air Quality (1 point) Option point) 2. Locate Outdoor Air Intakes to Minimize Introduction of Contaminants (1 Option 3. Control Entry of Radon (1 point) Option 4. Control Intrusion of Vapors from Subsurface Contaminants (1 point) Option 5. Design and Build to Exclude Pests (1 point) The strategies for better IAQ could be different according to the air quality of local area. As shown in Figure 16, Air Quality Index of Arlington VA is changed within the range of Moderate and Good condition. Therefore, introduction of natural ventilation is very positive. However, the amount of PM2.5 is more than standard of ASHRAE/ANSI and the filtration for this is required. Figure 15 Air Quality Index (AQI) of VA from 2013 Oct 6 to 7, 82 ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide,, Objective 3

6 72 Limit Contaminants from Indoor Sources 83 EQc2.22 l Possible 5 points Maintained contents of EQc2 Low emitting materials in LEED v4 and added more requirements whichh were adopted from ASHRAE IAQ Guide Intent To reduce indoor contaminant sources which cause serious health impacts. Requirements For more details, see Objective 5 Limit Contaminants from Indoor Sources in ASHRAE IAQ Guide Option 1. Control Indoor Contaminan Sources through Appropriate Material Section (3 points) Same as LEED v4, EQc2 Low emitting materials Option 2. Employ Strategies to Limit the Impact of Emissions (1 point) Option 3. Minimize IAQ Impacts Associated with Cleaning and Maintenance (1 point) Beyond the selection of low emitting materials, there are other important issues to control the indoor contaminant sources affect the IAQ. For example, using barriers to reducee unavoidable emissions, conditioning and curing new materials prior to installation, selection of durable materials and finishes for simple clean and maintenance to minimize the use of chemical cleaning products, and so on. 83 ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide,

7 73 Control Moisture in Building Assemblies 84 EQc3. 1 l Possible 6 points Adopted from ASHRAE IAQ Guide Intent To prevent IAQ problems occurred by the moisture issue in building assemblies. Requirements For more details, see Objective 2 Control Moisture in Building Assemblies in ASHRAE IAQ Guide Option 1. Limit Penetration of Liquid Water into the Building Envelope (1 point) Option 2. Limit Condensation of Water Vapor with the Building Envelope and on Interiorr Surfaces (1 point) Option 3. Maintain Proper Building Pressurization (1 point) Option 4. Control Indoor Humidity (1 point) Option 5. Select suitable Materials, Equipment, and Assemblies for Unavoidably Wet Areas (1 point) Option 6. Consider Impacts of Landscaping and Indoor Plants on Moisture and Contaminant Levels (1 point) Since the weather and climate in Arlington is subtropical with hot summers and mild winters 85, the control of humidity is very important to decide the comfort of IAQ. Also the moisture level in building assemblies affects the performance of material. Moisture enables growth of microorganisms, production of microbial VOCs and allergens, deterioration of materials, and other processes detrimental to IAQ. 86 Figure 17 Wufi simulation to verify the moisture level of building assembly, (source: 84 ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide, 85 guides.com/north america/usa/virginia/arlington/arlington_weather.html 86 ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide,

8 74 Control Moisture and Contaminants Related to Mechanical Systemss EQc3.2 l Possible 5 points Adopted from ASHRAE IAQ Guide Intent To reduce the likelihood of IAQ problems occurred by the moisture and contaminants related to mechanical systems. Requirements For more details, see Objective 4 Control Moisture and Contaminants Related to Mechanical Systems in ASHRAE IAQ Guide Option 1. Control Moisture and Dirt in Air-Handling Systems (1 point) Option 2. Control Moisture Associated with Piping, Plumbing Fixtures, and Ductwork (1 point) Option 3. Facilitate Access to HVAC Systems for Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance (1 point) Option point) Option 5. The use of Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI) lamps in AHU, ductwork and upper air, and consider the safety regarding to inadvertent exposure of people to UV light. (Refer to Chapter 16 of the ASHRAE Handbook (ASHRAE 2008c)) (1 point) 4. Control Legionella in Water Systems addressess the control of Legionella (1 To maintain mechanical systems properly, they need to be well designed for easy access and prevention of microbial contaminants. Also the schedule for inspection, cleaning and maintenance should be set up periodically. The poorly maintained MEP systems can cause building-related symptomss such as nasal and throat irritation and, more rarely, building- Disease or humidifier fever. related illnesses (BRIs) such as Legionnaires 87 Figure 18 poorly designedd and maintained drain pan and filter of HVAC unit, (source: ASHRAE IAQ guide) 87 ASHRAE, Indoor Air Quality Guide,

9 75 Indoor Air Quality Assesment EQc4 l 1 point Same as LEED v4 Thermal Comfort EQc5 l 1 point From LEED v4 Interior Lighting EQc6 l possible 2 points From LEED v4 Daylight EQc7 l possible 3 points From LEED v4 Quality Views EQc8 l 1 point From LEED v4

10 76 Acoustic performanc ce 88 EQc9 l 2 point Adopted from LEED v4 with revisions from BREEAM building rating system manual Intent To provide workspaces and classrooms that promote occupants well-being, productivity, and communications throughh effective acoustic design. Buildings/premisess which are inherently noisy and unaffected by noise from adjacent premises/spaces. Improve the noise isolation of normally occupied premises/rooms to reduce impact of unwanted noise. Requirements For one point, all occupied spaces, meet the following requirements, as applicable, for HVAC background noise, sound isolation, reverberation time, and sound reinforcement and masking. HVAC Background Noise Achieve maximum background noise levels from heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systemss per 2011 ASHRAE Handbook, HVAC Applications, Chapter 48, Table 1; AHRI Standard , Table 15; or a local equivalent. Calculate or measure sound levels. For measurements, use a sound level meter that conforms to ANSI S1.4 for type 1 (precision) or type 2 (general purpose) sound measurement instrumentation, or a local equivalent. Comply with design criteria for HVAC noise levels resulting from the sound transmission paths listed in ASHRAE 2011 Applications Handbook, Table 6; or a local equivalent. Sound Isolation Meet the composite sound transmission class (STCC) ratings listed in Table 1, or local building code, whichever is more stringent.. Table 1. Maximum composite sound transmission class ratings for adjacent spacess Adjacency Combinations STCc 88 BREEAM, UK Green Building Council

11 Residence (within a multifamily residence), hotel or motel room Residence, hotel or motel room Residence, hotel or motel room Retail Standard office Executive office Conference room Office, conference room Mechanical equipment room Residence, hotel or motel room Common hallway, stairway Retail Retail Standard office Executive office Conference room Hallway, stairway Occupied area Reverberation Time Meet the reverberation time requirements in Table 3 (adapted from Table 9.1 in the Performance Measurement Protocols for Commercial Buildings1) ). Table 3. Reverberation time requirements Apartment and condominium Hotel/motel Office building Courtroom Performing arts space Laboratories Church, mosque, synagogue Library Indoor stadium, gymnasium Classroom Individual room or suite Meeting or banquet room Executive or private office Conference room Teleconference room Open-plan office without sound masking Open-plan office with sound masking Unamplified speech Amplified speech Dramaa theaters, concert and recital halls Testing or research with minimal speech communication Extensive phone use and speech communication General assembly with critical music program Gymnasium and natatorium Large-capacitamplification space with speech < 0.6 < 0.6 < 0.8 < 0.6 < 0.6 < 0.6 < < 0.7 < 1.0 Varies by application < 1.0 < 0.6 Varies by application < 1.0 < 2.0 < 1.5 < 0.6 Sound Reinforcement and Masking Systems Sound Reinforcement For all large conferencee rooms and auditoriums seating more than 50 persons, evaluate whether sound reinforcement and AV playback capabilities are needed. If needed, the sound reinforcement systems must meet the following criteria: Achieve a speech transmission index (STI) of at least 0.60 or common intelligibility scale (CIS) rating of at least 0.77 at representative points within the areaa of coverage to provide acceptable intelligibility. Have a minimum sound level of 70 dba and must Maintain sound-level coverage within +/ 3 db at the 2000 Hz octave band throughout the space. Masking Systems For projects that use masking systems, the design levels must not exceed 48 dba. Ensure that loudspeaker coverage provides uniformity of +/ 2 dba and that speech spectra are effectively masked. For another point, the values for noise intrusion from external sources in Table 1 of HTMF Acoustics Health Technical Memorandum 08-01: Acoustics, Department of Health Gateway Review, Estates & Facilities Division, are not exceeded. The values for internal noise from mechanical and electrical services in Table 2 of HTM Acoustics are not exceeded.

12 The weighted standardized level differences measured between rooms on site are not lower than the values of the sound insulation ratings (db DnT,w) in Table 4 of HTM 08-01:Acoustics (the values in Table 4 are determinedd according to the privacy requirements, noise generation of the source room and noise sensitivity of the receiving room as specified in Table 3 of HTM 08-01:Acoustics) Impact noise is controlled at source and the weighted standardised impact sound pressure level (L nt,w) does not exceed 65dB in noise sensitive rooms. As theree are number of ways to quantify or classify noise isolation (insulation) in buildings, the exact performance criteria used to define both airborne noise isolation and impact noise isolation shall be stated by the Client. However, for the purposes of assessment account should be taken of the criteria given below. Where alternativee criteria is used the Client shall provide evidence as to the suitability of the alternative, e.g. by making eference to authoritative guidance. Likewise, where criteria appropriate to the type and use of premises/spaces is not stated herein, the Client shall provide evidence as to the suitability of the criteria adopted. 78 Compliance shall be demonstrated by measurement or by detailed calculations, or both, depending on the Client s preference. Measurements shall follow the protocols given in the referenced standards. Calculations should be done with reference to appropriate standards. The Client shall submit details in the form of a report prepared by a suitably qualified person providing a schedule of the premises and spaces in the building, the noise isolation criteria adopted, relevant structural details as they impact on noise isolation, the rooms/premises subject to field tests or for which detailed calculations have been made, underlying assumptions, and the results of tests or calculations demonstrating compliance with the criteria (expressed in parameters that are consistent with the test and/or calculation methods). Where it can be demonstrated that airborne noise isolation, as measured or calculated for the most susceptible spaces/rooms/premises, meets appropriate performance criteria the credit shall be awarded. LEED's current system does not address external noise. For some parts of the United States, this is not an issue. However, in Arlington where theree is a denser urban area, external noise greatly affects the indoor environmental quality from car traffic, pedestrians, as well as construction. Hence, this credit is revised for Arlington to reduce external noise.

13 79 Post Occupancy Comfort 89 Survey: Verification EQc10 l 1 point Adopted from GBI building rating system manual Intent Provide for the assessment of comfort of the building occupants Requirements Conduct a post-occupancy comfort survey of building occupants within 12 months after occupancy/building completion. This survey should collect anonymous responses about thermal comfort, visual comfort and acoustic comfort in a building. It should include an assessment of overall satisfaction with thermal, visual and acoustic performance and identification of thermal-related, visual-related and acoustic-related problems. AND Develop a plan for corrective action if the survey results indicate that more than 20% of occupants are dissatisfied with the overall comfort in the building. This plan should include measurement of relevant environmental variables in problem areas. The relevant environmental variables include 1) Temperature, relative humidity, air speed and mean radiant temperature, 2) Lighting level and glare problem, 3) Background noise level, 4) Odour problem, CO2 level, VOCs, and particulate concentration. This credit can be rewarded before the building is complete if the team creates a plan to collect survey results. The team must then share the findings of the results. Failure to do so will deduct credits from the project after the twelve months. LEED currently does not follow up on whether or not the occupants are actually comfortable in their indoor environments. This holds the team to be more accountable for their design 89 Green Building Index, Malaysia, p12

14 actions. The credit forces the design team to communicate and create designs directed towards clients and inhabitants. 80