Dutch management of radioactive waste. Jeroen Welbergen HESQ manager

Transcription

1 Dutch management of radioactive waste Jeroen Welbergen HESQ manager

2 2

3 3 Transport distances

4 Transport Based on IAEA Since 1961 TS-R-1 ST-1 revised in 2000 (2005) Application: all transports of fission(able) materials, ores and radioactive materials 4

5 Waste classification LILW: Cat A Cat B Cat C Cat D - nuclear research - nuclear industry - nuclear medicine - power plants - industry - alpha bearing waste - NPP waste - t½ > 15 yrs - t½ < 15 yrs 5

6 Treatment of LILW Solid waste Counting vials Carcasses Liquid waste 6

7 Treatment of solid waste Reduction of waste volume by super compaction Smart stacking of pucks in 200 l drum Conditioning by cementation. 7

8 Incinerator for organic liquid Max 60 l per hour Input from a 600 l mobile tank Operation by caloric value of liquid (adjustment by natural gas) 8

9 Liquid emptying installation Waste water from 99 Mo production facility High ph (14) Intermediate level waste (0,5 Sv/h) Not to mix with other waste water streams 9

10 MOSS Mobile cementation unit In drum mixing installation for ILW liquid (lost rudder). 10

11 Inorganic water treatment Adding chemicals (FeCl3 and NaOH) to produce particles ( flogs) Use a decanter and microfiltration unit to clean wastewater wastewater is discharge to the river Westerscheldt 11

12 200 litre drum (overpack) for conditioning 200 l drum Spacers at 5 cm of the wall Hooks to prevent floating of pucks Galvanised Prefabricated with a 10cm concrete layer at bottom Type A 12

13 Immobilisation of waste Concrete Isolation and shielding of solid radwaste Grout Fixating of spent sources and non-compressible waste Cementation Immobilisation of high radioactive liquids (resins) 13

14 14 Conditioning with concrete

15 Buffering conditioned waste Interim storage in treatment building 15

16 Storage containers LLW 1. Supercompacted puck 2. Concrete 3. Galvanised drum 4. Concrete overpack 16

17 Stack monitoring in LILW building 50,000 m 3 per hour Sampling for α, β and 3 H + 14 C Continuous monitoring α, β and 17

18 Storage of conditioned LILW

19 Long-term storage of LILW control of humidity: mobile system for air humidity control works perfect (cheap easy system) 19

20 temperature and relative humidity (%) Temperature, humidity LOG low level waste storing facility T [%RV] Channel 1 [ C] Channel date 20

21 LLW Low level waste (200 l ) Low level waste ( 1000 l) 21

22 ILW Spent resins from NPP (220 l) Racks from reactor ( Mosaïk) 22

23 LONG-TERM STORAGE: LILW design criteria: simple concrete building modular inspection possibilities retrievable cemented waste forms no fixed equipment no forced ventilation mobile system for humidity control 23

24 Storage building Low- & intermediate level radioactive waste Storage One module can store yr radwaste. 24

25 25 Stacking LILW containers

26 Long-term storage of LLW galvanised steel 200 litre drum reason: long term storage goal since 1982 no lid reason: ventilation of Tritium, Hydrogen and Radon.and inspection possibilities 26

27 To detect deviations in quarantaine 27

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29 29 HABOG

30 Waste classification High Level waste (HLW) Non-heating generating waste Heat generating waste - Nuclear Power Plant - Research Reactors - hulls & ends/ - compressed waste - vitrified waste - Spent Nuclear Fuel 30

31 HLW in HABOG Uranium, Plutonium Recycling waste 31

32 32 Reception of vitrified HLW

33 33 Reception of Spent Nuclear fuel

34 Design criteria for HLW building All events 10-6 covered earthquakes VI½ Mercali* plane crash (F16-A Falcon fighter) flooding +10 m NAP lpg gas cloud explosion severe winds 125 m/s 34 * 5-6 Richter

35 Vitrified waste transported into HABOG

36 Cask into controlled area

37 Vitrified waste storage

38 38 Royal opening of HABOG

39 HLW building cross-section Ventilation shaft 39 Heat producing waste Non-heat producing waste

40 Watt Heat producing HLW Time (yrs)

41 Passive cooling systeem Air out Air in 41

42 Stack monitoring of HLW building active ventilation inside HABOG 60,000 m 3 per hour Sampling for α, β and 3 H + 14 C Continuous monitoring 85 Kr 42

43 Waste Safety Appraisal by COVRA 43

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50 50 Safe = Beautiful