Micro-Nano technologies related to Life Support Systems. M. Sakurai

Transcription

1 21th Micro Electronics Work Shop MEWS (Mon.) 6 October, 2008 Micro-Nano technologies related to Life Support Systems M. Sakurai Innovative Technology Research Center, Aerospace Research and Development Directorate Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

2 Importance of Circulated Life Support System Circulated life support system International Space Station Manned Mars Mission Body metabolism 2

3 Hokkaido multi purpose aero field Kakuta Space Propulsion Technology Center Noshiro Test Field ISAS (CEEF) Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities Tanegashima Rocket Launcher Aerospace Technology Research Center Tsukuba Space Center 3

4 Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF) Closed Ecology Experiment Facilities (CEEF) The scheme of the closed habitation experiment in CEEF Rice and Siba goats 4

5 Interval of supply and Recycle rate S:Supply C:Consum e Manned System f:circulating rate r:reuse rate rfw Circulate Supply(S):S=(1-rf)C Disposal(D):D=(1-rf)C W:First disposal W=C (1-f)W D:Disposal fw B:Second disposal T:Interval of Supply (No recycle) To:Interval of Supply (With recycle) T/To=1/(1-rf) As close to 100% recycle Interval of supply increase dramatically Demonstration of System is necessary 5

6 Manned moon foothold (After 2025) Lander Science utilization facility Moon resource (Mineral, Oxygen) plant Legoris protection wall Solar cell Habitation module Comunication system Self contain module Space suit 2015 Planning 2020 Preparation for building 2025 Short stay 2030 Long stay Pressured rover Building robot 6

7 JAXA Long Term Vision 1990 Mission time Quantity of transport Distance from earth Japanese Stay in space Experience of Space shuttle 2000 Unmanned moon probe Decision of possibility of manned moon mission Decision and accumulation of moon utilization Accumulation of manned space Experience on ISS Orbit utilization(science, practical use) Accumuration of manned space (Life support, Energy etc.) Re; JAXA Vision Farer and longer time Possibility of moon activity Development of various option Individual manned mission Contribution for Int. Corporation

8 JAXA Long Term Vision Ground test bed Technical road map for ECLSS Advanced ground demonstration Supply Technical goal Circulated O2 H2O Food Air purification None Catch up stage H2O Food Air revitalization Water purification O2 Technical demonstration Food Air Water revitalization O2 H2O Throwaway Food Air Water revitalization Food(partial) O2 H2O Leading stage Partially close Next Int. Manned Mission None Air Water revitalization Food(partial) Disposal O2 H2O Food Completely close Small satellite Shuttle ISS Moon base Mars base

9 Circulated life support system SEFUL SElf-contained FUlly-circulated Life support system SEPAL SElf-contained PArtially-circulated Life support system Heat/Power Energy Supply Water Decomposition Recycle d water Disposal of waste O 2 H 2 H 2 O Air Revitalization CO 2 Waste waterhuman Rubbish CO 2 Light/ Heat Nutrition Food Waste water, Rubbish Light/ Heat Food production Plant Animal CO 2 Separation & condense in the atomosphere O 2 800g/day 560L/day CO g/day 560L/day CO 2 Water Electrolysis for Microgravity H 2 O O 2 +H 2 Vapor H 2 O 1 st Sabatier Reaction CO 2 +4H 2 2H 2 O+CH 4 H 2 Element technologies have been developed Modify for space and downsizing 9

10 Manned exploration to Moon 10

11 Out look of Manned Space Development NASA New Space Policy - New development of 4 hardware (1)Capsule type manned spaceship(orion: (CEV)) Apollo like corn shape manned spaceship Bottom diameter is 5.5m Capacity 6 person (4 person for manned moon mission) Rocket engine:liquid oxygen/ methan Return on the ground 10 times recycle is available (length is 1.5 times, capacity is 3 times bigger than Apollo) 11

12 Out look of Manned Space Development NASA New Space Policy - New development of 4 hardware (2)Lunar Surface Access Module : LSAM) 4 person 7 days stay Descend engine : Liquid oxygen / Liquid Hydrogen Ascend engine : Liquid oxygen / Liquid Hydrogen 12

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14 Adsorption of carbon dioxide 14

15 Adsorption of carbon dioxide Active carbon Metal complex salt 15

16 Gas analysis by gas chromatography CO2+H2 CH4+H2O H2O H2+O2 H2 H2 O2 CH4 CO2 CO2 16

17 Sabatier reaction Effect of temperature on reaction rate Effect of temperature on concentration of gas 17

18 Catalyst for Sabatier Reaction Image of 100oC 100% reaction CO2+4H2 CH4+2H2O Reaction rate [%] Improvement New catalyst CO2 Concentration in H2 low temperature Sabatier reaction leads to down sizing reactor Temperature [ ]

19 Connection sabatier reactor and water electrolysis a) Sabatier reactor b) Water Electrolysis 19

20 WATER ELECTROLYSIS CELLS DESIGNED FOR MICROGRABITTY CONDDIIONS Experiment Result The generation of very fine bubbles The bubble and liquid separation is Problem Electrolysis cell Anode Cathode New method Direct vapor electrolysis Fit for Sabatier reaction No need to separation of the bubbles and liquid Giving defining water 4 Patents Water Tank Water electrolysis cell 20

21 Vapor electrolysis Horizontal place Electrolysis currency and voltage Observation of cell (at 106 o C) 21

22 l CO2 remoba Experi ment CO2 reducti on Experi ment Water electroli sys Trace Results of air re-vitalization and a Plan CO2 reduction Connect Water electrolysis Air re- vitalization Connection CO2 reduction water electrolysis 4 JAXA Patents a) 反応効率の温度依存性 CO2 reduction Gas analysis Modify Water electlysys CO2 remove CO2 reduction CO2 real time analysis Connect Connect ~ ~ Small satellite TRL demo increase ISS demo Moon demo 2012~2022~ 22

23 Decision for manned space activity Space habitation Mission Complexity Ground Experiment ISS Manned HTV Dramaticaly decrease of reaction temp Compact, Energy saving Nano catalyst Compact, Energy saving Strong Smart Structures

24 CANEUS Pilot Project 2006-P1 Nano-composite Materials: Load Bearing and Thermal Protection Applications 2006-P2 MNT Based Harsh Environment Sensors 2006-P3 Nano/Pico-Satellites for Civilian and Defense Applications 2006-P4 Reliability Testing of Micro-Sensors, icro- Actuators and Micro-Switches 2006-P5 Micro-energetics 2006-P6 Aircraft/Spacecraft Structural Health Monitoring System 2006-P7 MNT-based Sensors for Astronaut Health Monitoring and Environmental Control 24 24

25 Cleaning of spaceship air by photo catalyst 25

26 The Third Generation ENose The Sensor Unit is enclosed in the Interface Unit, which will be connected to the ISS EXPRESS Rack Endoscopic capsule 26

27 Summary In order to support future space expolaration, we investigate air revitalization system. Nano-micro technology is useful for carbon dioxide adsorption and trace contamination adsorption Nano-micro technology is useful for down sizing and energy saving for Savatier reactor MNT-based Sensors for Astronaut Health Monitoring and Environmental Control are also promised field for Nano-micro technology 27